• Cloned VM/Server/Computer in Linux won't boot and goes to initramfs busybox Solution


    This is mainly for if you've done something silly like trying to clone a Live, running VM image. In this example, the VM initially finds grub and tries to boot but is kicked straight into initramfs rescue mode/busybox right after this. If you've done this "silly" thing, you could have dataloss but a lot of times just using fsck will fix it as you are guaranteed at best to have some corruption and inconsistencies in the filesystem. My theory is that some files wer........
  • How to configure OpenDKIM on Linux with Postfix and setup bind zonefile


    This guide assumes you have a working Postfix server and want it to sign with DKIM. There are a few things we have to understand to make all of this work though, which require you to be familiar with DNS as well. 1.) Install OpenDKIM apt install opendkim systemctl enable opendkim 2.) Edit /etc/opendkim.conf Syslog yes SyslogSuccess yes Mode&nbs........
  • Debian Ubuntu 10/11/12 Linux how to get tftpd-hpa server setup tutorial


    apt install tftpd-hpa #change TFTP_ADDRESS to by setting address to 192.168.1.1:69 or the IP you need, otherwise it will listen on all IPs and interfaces which could be a security risk. # edit /etc/default/tftpd-hpa TFTP_USERNAME="tftp" TFTP_DIRECTORY="/srv/tftp" TFTP_ADDRESS="192.168.1.1:69" TFTP_OPTIONS="--secure"........
  • ImageMagick error convert solution - convert-im6.q16: cache resources exhausted


    convert-im6.q16: DistributedPixelCache '127.0.0.1' @ error/distribute-cache.c/ConnectPixelCacheServer/244. convert-im6.q16: cache resources exhausted `/tmp/magick-27777Al6FGY7dhyKt10' @ error/cache.c/OpenPixelCache/3984. convert-im6.q16: DistributedPixelCache '127.0.0.1' @ error/distribute-cache.c/ConnectPixelCacheServer/244. convert-im6.q16: cache resources exhausted `/tmp/magick-277772Y_-pJnMdT2r1' @ error/cache.c/OpenPixelCache/3984. convert-im6.q16: Distr........
  • REFUSED unexpected RCODE resolving bind/named error


    Are you getting this error when trying to connect to a site/domain/service and then you checked your router/nameserver's logs to see what's wrong? You may see something like this: named[3025898]: REFUSED unexpected RCODE resolving This is not usually an error with named or bind, at least not on your end but NORMALLY this is an issue with the remote nameserver. A lot of times this is a misconfigured remote nameserver. A classi........
  • Postfix / sendmail config for DKIM, SPF and DMARC Tutorial Guide E-mail Delivery for Hotmail.com Gmail.com and More HowTo


    This will be the goto to help solve e-mail delivery issues and talk about many practical issues that happen between developers, admins and scripts that send e-mail and do things that may not be acceptable or cause deliverability problems. Sendmail Stuff Edit /etc/mail/sendmail.mc The problem is that if you send directly out from the server using the mail function, the Return-path of the e-mails will be username@thehostnameoftheserver.com. Let........
  • Proxmox How To Rename Node Hostname Fix Solution


    Proxmox's documentation shows the following here. Which mainly just says change /etc/hosts and /etc/hostname with your new hostname. Here's what happens if you only do that: If you just do the above, you will find you have an inaccessible original hostname that contains those VMs and you cannot........
  • How To Upgrade Debian 8,9,10 to Debian 12 Bookworm


    Step 1.) Upgrade to Debian 11 first The process to go to Debian 12 is not as smooth as 11, when trying to upgrade from Debian 10. In fact, it doesn't work directly, so you'll first need to follow this guide to update to Debian 11, reboot and come back here if successful. Step 2.) Update sources.list Update your /etc/apt/sources.list like this: deb http://........
  • Linux dhcp dhclient Mint Redhat Ubuntu Debian How To Use Local Domain DNS Server Instead of ISPs


    If you are running a local DNS server like named/bind and don't want to use the ISPsupplied DNS servers that are announced via a DHCP request (using dhclient) then the solution is simple. The reason should be obvious, but normally running your own DNS server will provide a more reliable, and fast DNS response and you won't have to worry about filtering as much (unless your upstream filters or proxies outgoing DNS requests). Edit /etc/dhcp/dhclient.conf........
  • Linux Ubuntu Mint how to check nameservers when /etc/resolv.conf disabled solution


    You'll notice that /etc/resolv.conf contains dire warners on most Linux Desktops. # This file is managed by man:systemd-resolved(8). Do not edit. # # This is a dynamic resolv.conf file for connecting local clients to the # internal DNS stub resolver of systemd-resolved. This file lists all # configured search domains. # # Run "resolvectl status" to see details about the uplink DNS servers # currently in use........
  • Docker cannot work on other overlayfs filesystems such as ecryptfs won't start overlayfs: filesystem on '/home/docker/overlay2/check-overlayfs-support130645871/upper' not supported as upperdir


    This does not seem to be officially documented but makes sense that an overlay on an overlay does not work and is considered an unsupported filesystem as is even NTFS . Some admins/organizations try to use ecyptfs as a simple solution to encrypt the contents of Docker. Instead, you could probably........
  • from pip._internal.cli.main import main File "/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/pip/_internal/cli/main.py", line 60 sys.stderr.write(f"ERROR: {exc}") from pip._internal.cli.main import main File "/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packag


    Solution for python pip3 not working anymore from pip._internal.cli.main import main File "/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/pip/_internal/cli/main.py", line 60 sys.stderr.write(f"ERROR: {exc}") wget https://bootstrap.pypa.io/pip/3.5/get-pip.py python3 get-pip.py DEPRECATION: Python 3.5 reached the end of its life on September 13th, 20........
  • Translating "cisco" ...domain server (255.255.255.255) Cisco Router/Switch Solution


    If you are in enable mode and make a typo, the router will treat it as a domain name and try to resolve it, and if it can't resolve it, you'll have to wait until it times out. Here's how to solve the Translating domain server error in Cisco Enter this in config mode: no ip domain-lookup Be sure to sav........
  • amdgpu AMD GPU Xorg Won't Start [3576284.324] (EE) Segmentation fault at address 0x0 [3576284.325] (EE) Fatal server error: [3576284.325] (EE) Caught signal 11 (Segmentation fault). Server aborting


    Here is how Ifixed it on a Mint/Ubuntu install 1.) First download the latest AMDGPU-Pro driver from here: https://www.amd.com/en/support Navigate to your relevant video card: 2.) Download the installer One issue is that by default they give you a version for the latest version of........
  • How To Tell Which Repository a Package Comes From Debian Mint Ubuntu


    Just use apt-cache policy to find the repo of a package: apt-cache policy lxd lxd: Installed: 3.0.3-0ubuntu1~18.04.2 Candidate: 3.0.3-0ubuntu1~18.04.2 Version table: *** 3.0.3-0ubuntu1~18.04.2 500 500 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/main amd64 Packages &nb........
  • Docker Tutorial HowTo Install Docker, Use and Create Docker Container Images Clustering Swarm Mode Monitoring Service Hosting Provider


    The Best Docker Tutorial for Beginners We quickly explain the basic Docker concepts and show you how to do the most common tasks from starting your first container, to making custom images, a Docker Swarm Cluster Tutorial, docker compose and Docker buildfiles.........
  • HongKong VPS Server, Cloud, Dedicated Server, Co-Location, Datacenter The Best Guide on Hong Kong, China Internet IT/Computing


    In our 2024 VPS Server/Cloud Buyer's Guide, we place the location of your VPS/hosting/server as one of the priorities that is often overlooked. 2024 Update - Datacent........
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    The key is that you need to know the passphrase to do it, if you don't know the password for the key then you can't remove the key since it cannot be decrypted. ssh-keygen is the easiest method and openssl can be used to manually remove the key and output it to a new file, which you can then copy back over top of the encrypted file. After that your public key authentication will work without any password prompt because it is no longer encrypted. Make sure you understand........
  • pulseaudio issue on QEMU/KVM guest VM when microphone is replugged/unplugged pulseaudio: pa_threaded_mainloop_lock failed pulseaudio: Reason: Invalid argument


    Here is the scenario, you are using QEMU/KVM and are using something like the AC97 sound driver to pass the host audio to the guest via pulseaudio. This is useful because you can transparently pass your mic input from the host which means you can mute your microphone from the host, which prevents the guest from receiving any mic input even if unmuted. Mute / Unmute Fix This issue also seems to happen even if you press the mute button on the microphone and then unmute,........
  • EFI PXE grub2 Howto guide for Linux EFI PXE Booting on Debian, Mint, Ubuntu, RHEL


    Just a quick note and warning is that if you are testing to see if EFIPXE booting works on a VM, MAKE SURE it actually works. For example Iinitially tested using my Distro's QEMU 2.5+dfsg-5ubuntu10.46 and ovmf BIOS firmware (OVMF supports EFI). However, I found on old versions of QEMU (like 2.5), EFIbooting with GRUB NEVER works so it may appear that you have made a mistake when everything is fine when you boot a physi........
  • Juniper JunOS Command Overview and Howtos Switch, Router, Firewall Tutorial Guide


    Enable "cli" mode equivalent in JunOS cli Configure Mode configure So rather than going to the console on a Cisco switch and typing "enable" and then "conf t", the equivalent in JunOS is "cli" and "configure". How Do You Apply Changes You've Made? You can make all kinds of changes to the switch, but remember they are not........
  • Huion and Wacom Tablets How To Install in Linux Mint / Ubuntu and make the stylus work properly


    It took a lot of fiddling to make a Huion Kamvas 13 Pro work in Linux but it simple once you know what to do. Don't bother searching as it is unlkely there is a guide out there that will actually make your tablet work. It mainly comes down to the fact that the hid_uclogic kernel module is buggy or doesn't support MANYof these wacom based/Huion tablets properly. What was happening with me is that Ihad the Kamvas 13 Huion setup as a secondary screen/monitor.&nb........
  • apcupsd how to setup and monitor APC UPS units


    It really seems limited in that it can mainly give you the things you would see on the physical unit such as load etc.. wget https://downloads.sourceforge.net/project/apcupsd/apcupsd%20-%20Stable/3.14.14/apcupsd-3.14.14.tar.gz?r=https%3A%2F%2Fsourceforge.net%2Fprojects%2Fapcupsd%2Ffiles%2Flatest%2Fdownload&ts=1598115866 tar -zxvf apcupsd-3.14.14.tar.gz cd apcupsd-3.14.14 [root@somebox apcupsd-3.14.14]# ./conf........
  • How To Get Started on Ubuntu with gpt-2 OpenAI Text Prediction


    apt install software-properties-common add-apt-repository ppa:deadsnakes/ppa apt update apt install python3-pip apt install python3.7 curl gnupg python3.7-dev git ln -s /usr/bin/python3.7 /usr/bin/python3 pip3 install numpy keras_preprocessing curl https://bazel.build/bazel-release.pub.gpg | sudo apt-key add - echo "deb [arch=amd64] http://storage.googleapis.com/bazel-apt stable jdk1.8" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/bazel........
  • How To Install OpenProject on Centos 7 Step-by-Step Guide


    There are a few caveats that may not be obvious to everyone so I am going to cover them here but keep this in mind before starting. Before starting install epel or you will be missing tesseract: yum -y install epel-release #1) When you specify your SSL certificate with a full path, it really needs to exist where you tell it to (including the default location of /etc/ssl/certs and /etc/ssl/c........
  • MySQL 5.7 on Debian and Ubuntu - How To Reset Root Password


    MySQL on Debian versions is configured differently than the native local MySQL plugin so you will be disappointed when your password on the mysql client fails by default. Here is how you reset the MySQL root password the proper and "working way" #first we gracefully stop mysql sudo systemctl stop mysql; #then we forcefully kill any mysqld process just in case sudo killall -9 mysqld mysqld_safe;........
  • CentOS 8 how to convert to a bootable mdadm RAID software array


    The cool thing here is that we only need 1 drive to make a RAID 10 or RAID 1 array, we just tell the Linux mdadm utility that the other drive is "missing" and we can then add our original drive to the array after booting into our new RAID array. Step#1 Install tools we need yum -y install mdadm rsync Step #2 Create your partitions on the drive that will be our RAID array Here I assume it is /dev........
  • mpv / mplayer with Radeon / AMD GPU Video Card Driver enable VDPAU GPU Accelerated Video Decoding


    The easiest way to know if your videos are playing with GPU acceleration are to watch the process of xplayer, mpv or whatever you are playing. The CPU usage should be no more than 10% for that process/program if it is using acceleration. Let's manually play with vdpau to make sure it works before we make it permanent: First make sure you have libvdpau installed: sudo apt install vdpau-driver-all If yo........
  • Linux 3D Performance benchmarks with glxgears 59-60fps solution


    You need to disable vsync like this when running glxgears: vblank_mode=0 glxgears For Nvidia drivers do this: __GL_SYNC_TO_VBLANK=0 glxgears Notice the higher than 59-60 fps results with vblank_mode=0: ATTENTION: default value of option vblank_mode overridden by environment. 7919 frames in 5.0 seconds = 1583.704 FPS 8187 frames in 5.0 seconds = 1637.266 FPS........
  • Linux Console Login Screen TTY Change Message


    This is all controlled by /etc/issue You can basically enter anything in there that you like, but there are preset variables that are mentioned at the end of the page that discuss this. Some examples of /etc/issue: Centos 7: S Kernel r on an m Ubuntu 16.04: Ubuntu 16.04.6 LTS n l You can also insert any of t........
  • Wordpress overwrites and wipes out custom htaccess rules and changes soluton


    cat .htaccess RewriteEngine On RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d RewriteRule . index.php [L] I keep reading there is a "# BEGIN WordPress" and a "# END WordPress" in the wordpress htaccess above but there is clearly not. Even more strange is that my permissions are just 444 (read only). so i changed it........
  • Apache htaccess and mod_rewrite how to redirect and force all URLs and visitors to the SSL / HTTPS version


    It is really simple using .htaccess with mod_rewrite. Here is all you need: RewriteCond %{SERVER_PORT} 80 RewriteRule ^(.*)$ https://site.com/$1 [R=301,L] Another more graceful way is to use the %{SERVER_NAME}variable to make it dynamic. Just be careful that the server name will always match what you expect. (eg. if you are doing load balancing or clustering what if the server name may be somethi........
  • ImageMagick Convert PDF Not Authorized


    You'll have to edit the policy.xml file to fix this: convert -density 300 output.pdf agreement.jpg convert.im6: not authorized `output.pdf' @ error/constitute.c/ReadImage/454. convert.im6: no images defined `agreement.jpg' @ error/convert.c/ConvertImageCommand/3044. sudo vi /etc/ImageMagick*/policy.xml Change policy domain="coder" rights="no........
  • Cisco Unified Communications Manager 12 Install Errors on Proxmox/KVM


    The strange thing is that usually the first install or two will work on any new machine but then it suddenly won't. I had this experience on QEMU 2.13 on a different machine. There is something finicky or buggy about the CUCM installer even when choosing the same virtual hardware specs. qemu-kvm command: /usr/libexec/qemu-kvm -version QEMU PC emulator version 0.12.1 (qemu-kvm-0.12.1.2-2.506.el6_10.1), Copyright (c) 2003-2008 Fabrice Bellard ........
  • the sign-in method you're trying to use isn't allowed. For more info, contact your network administrator - solution for active directory


    This is usually because the Group Policy forbids that user or group from logging in. run "gpmc" (not "gpedit.msc" as that is for local computer settings when you are not using Active Directory) or go to Administrative Tools and Group Policy Management. Edit the default domain policy like below........
  • SSH proxy/command in the background or from cron script


    If you have an SSHproxy that you need to run automatically from cron you will need it in the background to work. ssh -N -D 22000 user@domain.com Basically the -N let's it continue running in the background.........
  • Cisco Router Setup Guide and Tutorial Howto With Commands and Examples


    In most of the Cisco router IOS I find the ports like ge0/0 ge0/1 and ge0/2 or whatever your ports are down. They will not even give you a link light. So one of the first tasks should be getting the port you are working with up. In my case the first goal is often connectivity with the LAN and WAN. LAN = your local area network (eg. in the office/home ) WAN= your ISP/public internet (eg. fiber/cable/dsl/ethernet).........
  • letsencrypt certbot error "Unable to find a virtual host listening on port 80 which is currently needed for Certbot to prove to the CA that you control your domain. Please add a virtual host for port 80."


    ./certbot-auto --apache certonly Saving debug log to /var/log/letsencrypt/letsencrypt.log Plugins selected: Authenticator apache, Installer apache No names were found in your configuration files. Please enter in your domain name(s) (comma and/or space separated) (Enter 'c' to cancel): yourdomain.com Obtaining a new certificate Performing the following challenges: http-01 challenge for yourdomain.com Cleaning........
  • X11 SSH Linux Forwarding Error


    Jan 30 17:16:10 localhost sshd[25385]: error: Failed to allocate internet-domain X11 display socket. The solution for me on the server side was the following in sshd_config: AddressFamily inet *Remember to restart sshd and also reconnect from the client side. Ihad all the normal X11 settings on the server but it just stopped........
  • Using Microsoft's Group Policy Management Editor (GPME) To Change Default Permissions and Internet Explorer Security Settings


    The defaults in Windows 2016 server leave clients crippled so they can't even download basic files or software. But Group Policy Management Editor comes to our rescue! Use cmd or Powershell and run: gpme.msc Choose your domain/computer and then navigate like below and create a new menu entry for IE11 or whatever your version is. Don't be worried if the highest version is IE10 it means that it applies to IE10 AND above.........
  • LVM How To Create Pool (dynamically allocated and not fully allocated)


    The main use I have for this is virtual servers being able to use an LVM volume but not occupying all of the space. It saves time in deploying machines and copying them so you are only copying the space they are using (eg. 5GB / 60GB vs the full 60GB). There are some disadvantages which is mainly the fact that thin pools by their nature allow you to "overallocate" disk space which is that you could use more space than is available on the disk itself and corrupt your data........
  • Linux named / bind how to dump, view and clear the cache!


    Do you hate it when your ISPhas old cached records because of a high TTLon the DNS record of the relevant domain? In plain English this means you often can't connect to a site or service because your ISP's DNS servers haven't gotten word of the new IP address (probably because they haven't checked). There are also some that are notorious for ignoring TTL and not updating records for days! But if you are lucky and smart enough to have your own Linux based DNS se........
  • Centos 6 / 7 / 8 How To Change Default nameservers in /etc/resolv.conf when using DHCP / dhclient


    First we need to create dhclient.conf if it doesn't exist or edit it: vi /etc/dhclient/dhclient.conf #add this line at the top add the IPs as commas they will be the highest priority nameservers and whatever your ISP gives you will be used after these one (good for DNS backup) prepend domain-name-servers 127.0.0.1,10.10.25.8; After you restart your network or run dhclient again you should see the contents of........
  • What DNS Options Does Active Directory Offer in Windows Server 2008,2012,2016 ?


    What Is Active Directory? Active Directory is essentially an enhanced, centralized database with a set of objects that make user management, authorization, and data management simpler. Active Directory is synonymous with "Domain Controllers" where a single "domain" often consists of multiple sites and members of the domain. Multiple domains can also be joined to belong to a tree ( a collection of domains). And the highest layer is the forest whi........
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    systemd is like the service manager for your Centos and other modern Linux distributions (including Debian/Mint/Ubuntu) allows you to enable services, stop them, restart them, check their status and even reboot your system. The key commands or arguments you will use with systemctl are the following: Unit Commands: list-units [PATTERN...] List loaded units &nbs........
  • Firefox An error occurred during a connection to some-ip-or-domain. SSL peer reports incorrect Message Authentication Code. Error code: SSL_ERROR_BAD_MAC_ALERT Solution


    An error occurred during a connection to some-ip-or-domain. SSL peer reports incorrect Message Authentication Code. Error code: SSL_ERROR_BAD_MAC_ALERT The page you are trying to view cannot be shown because the authenticity of the received data could not be verified. Please contact the website owners to inform them of this problem. **Solution** Go to about:config........
  • Proxmox error uploading an iso solution


    Error 0 occurred while receiving the document root@vh1:/var/tmp# wget http://mirror.compevo.com/proxmox/proxmox-ve_5.2-1.iso --2018-08-30 16:27:37-- http://mirror.compevo.com/proxmox/proxmox-ve_5.2-1.iso Resolving mirror.compevo.com (mirror.compevo.com)... 103.25.61.44 Connecting to mirror.compevo.com (mirror.compevo.com)|103.25.61.44|:80... connected. HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK Length: 641517568 (612M) [application/o........
  • Cannot install moodle


    After starting the install it stalls here: admin/index.php?cache=0&agreelicense=1&confirmrelease=1&lang=en If you manually refresh you get a Plugins check screen: Installation System Moodle second step fails just blank screen: https://domain.la/user/editadvanced.php?id=2 Solution: give up and choose something else it shouldn't be thi........
  • prosody xmpp server "Failed in all attempts to connect to proxy.eu.jabber.org"


    Aug 13 13:46:33 s2sout2d45040 info Failed in all attempts to connect to proxy.eu.jabber.org Aug 13 13:46:33 s2sout2d45040 info Sending error replies for 1 queued stanzas because of failed outgoing connection to proxy.eu.jabber.org No clue why it tries to use a proxy not explicitly specified. This could be because the proxy specified for the domain fails when someone is trying to se........
  • VMWare ESXi 6.7 SSH/PowerShell CLI Commands


    [root@localhost:~] BootModuleConfig.sh echo host-ind nfcd........
  • gmail.com address failing in Postfix


    Aug 10 01:11:54 mailserver postfix/smtp[6180]: 020AE17C2BD1: to=, relay=none, delay=0.29, delays=0.28/0/0/0, dsn=5.4.4, status=bounced (Host or domain name not found. Name service error for name=gmail.con type=A: Host not found) A user complained that their e-mails weren't being delivered but they actually made a small typo and used gmail.con so it wasn't working as expected of course........
  • Debian Mint Ubuntu compiling xmr-stak


    sudo apt-get install libcurl4-openssl-dev git build-essential autotools-dev autoconf libcurl3 sudo apt-get install libcurl4-gnutls-dev git clone https://github.com/wolf9466/cpuminer-multi sudo apt-get install cmake libpthread-* libmicrohttpd-dev libssl-dev libhwloc-dev git clone https://github.com/fireice-uk/xmr-stak-cpu.git make install cd bin chmod +x xmr-stak-cpu ./xmr-stak -O xmr........
  • [warn] VirtualHost 10.2.5.101:443 overlaps with VirtualHost 10.2.5.101:443, the first has precedence, perhaps you need a NameVirtualHost directive


    [root@thetor2017 conf]# service httpd restart Stopping httpd: [ OK ] Starting httpd: WARNING: MaxClients of 3000 exceeds ServerLimit value of 300 servers, lowering MaxClients to 300. To increase........
  • VMWare 6.7 VCSA VSphere ESXi Management SSO Install Guide on Linux using the CLI


    #mount the VCSA DVD mount /dev/sr0 /mnt/cd #alternatively you could mount the iso directly mount -o loop vcsa.iso /your/mount/path #for this purpose we are using the CLI installer on Linux cd /mnt/cd/vcsa-cli-installer/lin64 #no it's not going to be that easy you can't just run vcsa-deploy like that you need to use a template or configured .json file ./vcsa-deploy Usage: vcsa-deploy [-h] [--version] [--supported-deploymen........
  • Cannot create gradle for conversations


    The main issue is it looks like Java is not configured to accept the invalid ssl cert that is coming from the download location. Exception in thread "main" java.lang.RuntimeException: javax.net.ssl.SSLException: java.security.ProviderException: java.security.InvalidKeyException: EC parameters error export ANDROID_HOME=/home/user/Downloads/tools/ Conversations-master$ ./gradlew Downloading https://services.gradle.org/distributions/grad........
  • mail command line examples of how to send an email using Linux / Unix and the Bash Shell or Scripting


    A simple way that may work for a lot of people who just need basic output for their scripts or daemons to announce an action is this: echo "body or message" | mail -s "realtechtalk.com" user@domain.com If you want to send a text file as the body just do this instead: mail -s "realtechtalk.com" user@domain.com < /tmp/sometxtfile.txt These are some ve........
  • named [FAILED] - zone 1.168.192.in-addr.arpa/IN: not loaded due to errors. - bind error solution


    Centos when copying old files and restarting it seems load everything fine and then says [FAILED] with no log or other message. service restart named named [FAILED] Check more thoroughly you may have missed the error if you have lots of zones! service named restart|grep error zone 1.168.192.in-addr.arpa/IN: not loaded due to errors. zone 2.168.192.in-addr.arpa/IN: no........
  • Maximum number of connections from user+IP exceeded (mail_max_userip_connections=10) Dovecot Solution


    This happens because Dovecot limits the maximum IMAPconnections per IPto just 10. This may be fine for a single client side IPbut if an entire office or multiple users are behind one IPor a single heavy user is active then you will get bizarre errors in your e-mail clients such as "Password Incorrect" or similar in Thunderbird. It won't be obvious on the client side as to what the problem is and they will probably just think the server is misconfi........
  • No comments are allowed here Internal Server Error The server encountered an internal error or misconfiguration and was unable to complete your request.


    Internal Server Error The server encountered an internal error or misconfiguration and was unable to complete your request. Please contact the server administrator, root@localhost and inform them of the time the error occurred, and anything you might have done that may have caused the error. More information about this error may be available in the server error log. Apache/2.2.15 (CentOS) Server at testdomain.com Port 80........
  • SMF Forums / Simple Machines Forums Not Displaying Images Theme or Styles Properly using 127.0.0.1


    This is one thing that has me wondering about SMF. It is apparently a known issue but in the latest version and new install nothing looked right because it was using http://127.0.0.1 to find everything! How on earth would it ever do this or think it is normal? Excerpt of crazy html code it produces that causes the issue: ........
  • Apache htaccess Custom ErrorDocument not working properly for root home page 403 Error Issue and Solution


    So I have a domain "testdomain.com". Inside test domain.com's root is the following .htaccess: Options +FollowSymLinks -Indexes ErrorDocument 403 /launch/index.html Order Deny,Allow Deny From All Allow From 192.168.1.2 When you visit anything other than root things work fine. Eg. if you visit http://testdomain.com/somedirfile.html It will show the right error in /launch/........
  • Installing SSL Certificate with Chain Intermediary CA File


    Some of the cheaper or newer SSL suppliers will require this to work properly (otherwise you may be prompted that the cert is invalid when it's not the case but it will certainly scare off your users!). In the Apache vhost conf for the domain here is what you add: SSLCACertificateFile /path/to/your/cafile.pem Here is a full example of an SSL Vhost config in Apache using a CA Certificate file ........
  • dhcpd.conf how to secure so only known and allowed clients will be given dhcpd IP address leases


    It's really simple and just a matter of the following line within the subnet declaration. deny unknown-clients; See example below: subnet 10.25.20.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 { range 10.25.20.11 10.25.20.254; deny unknown-clients; option routers 10.25.20.10; option domain-name-servers 208.67.222.222;  ........
  • M2Crypto.SSL.Checker.WrongHost: Peer certificate subjectAltName does not match host, expected fedora-archive.ip-connect.vn.ua, got DNS:mirror.ip-connect.vn.ua


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    understanding /etc/aliases *remember to apply changes you need to run "newaliases" after editing /etc/aliases one thing I don't get is that it doesn't allow you to specify the whole e-mail address on the left-hand side eg: yourfullemail@domain.com: someotheremail@domain.com postalias: warning: /etc/aliases, line 109: name must be local (if you try the above) It works more like this: your........
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  • named/bind cannot find zone file, load zone files without specifying full directory path/loading master file genuine.com.zone: file not found


    genuine.com/IN: loading master file genuine.com.zone: file not found _default/genuine.com/IN: file not found I always found it silly that no one really talks about this and apparently many like me and even control panels like Plesk were still using hard paths. I always thought "why can't I just specify the name of the zone file and have bind find it". Surely the default search path must be /var/named or somewhere else but there is no such thing.........
  • Failed to save enabled features : The Suexec command on your system is configured to only run scripts under /var/www, but the Virtualmin base directory is /home. CGI and PHP scripts run as domain owners will not be executed.


    Apache/httpd Failed to save enabled features : The Suexec command on your system is configured to only run scripts under /var/www, but the Virtualmin base directory is /home. CGI and PHP scripts run as domain owners will not be executed. This is because I never edited the Apache Config and Virtualmin config to reflect my new/current updated structure.........
  • Plesk: Backup Domains from the CLI - it's quicker


    Plesk 8.6 CLI backup: /usr/local/psa/bin/pleskbackup domains domain.com This is a much better way of doing it and of course it can be scripted, it's a real pain to point, click and wait for Plesk to backup domains (and yes Iknow you could do all of them in a single client file but this is not desirable for my situation).........
  • Importing Plesk 8.6 Backup to Virtualmin: Validating migration file .. .. validation failed : XML::Simple Perl module is not installed


    Importing Plesk 8.6 Backup to Virtualmin: Validating migration file .. .. validation failed : XML::Simple Perl module is not installed Solution is to install the correct module: perl -MCPAN -e 'install XML::Simple' Migrating a single domain works just fine, but it doesn't work with a full client backup containing multiple domains.........
  • Virtualmin/Webmin Postfix Error: The status of your system is being checked to ensure that all enabled features are available, that the mail server is properly configured, and that quotas are active ..


    Virtualmin Postfix Error: The status of your system is being checked to ensure that all enabled features are available, that the mail server is properly configured, and that quotas are active .. A problem was found with your Postfix virtual maps : No map sources were found in the Postfix configuration .. your system is not ready for use by Virtualmin. ........
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    The Xen VPSI had was not working properly and when they asked for the login information I found the support was coming directly from India: whois 122.178.148.* [Querying whois.apnic.net] [whois.apnic.net] % [whois.apnic.net node-5] % Whois data copyright terms http://www.apnic.net/db/dbcopyright.html inetnum: 122.178.128.0 - 122.178.191.255 netname:&........
  • PHP CURL SSL won't work or connect


    I spent so much time debugging this, most sites don't tell you a very important option to use with CURL and you will only find out this is the problem by running the PHP script from the command line you get the following output that shows the issue (I don't see any way to get this output from Apache itself). * About to connect() to ip.ip.ip.ip port 25000 * Trying ip.ip.ip.ip... * connected * Connected to ip.ip.ip.ip (ip.ip.ip.ip) port 25000 * succes........
  • How not to change an IP address in CPanel during a migration


    /usr/local/cpanel/bin/swapip domain(s) It simply doesn't work, the Apache VHOSTS remain 100% unchanged, why does this script exist? I'm sure it would work from the control panel but I am locked out because my IP was changed and it doesn't match the CPanel license. I wish CPanel would make it easier to update the license IP. I even took it a step farther, I manually edited the vhosts and restarted Apache and it........
  • sed script to automatically update IPs in named/BIND and httpd/Apache


    Always make a backup of the original file before trying this, I find this kind of thing when updating IPs etc.. to use a script. Where the old IP is "192.168.5.8" and the new IP is "10.10.5.8" sed -i s/192.168.5.8/10.10.5.8/g testdomain.org.db The -i with sed means "inline" meaning we edit the file directly, but without the -i we could just use >and output the results to another file or do whatever else we wanted.........
  • HeartBeat Error/High Load heartbeat: [7120]: WARN: Gmain_timeout_dispatch: Dispatch function for retransmit request took too long to execute: 20 ms (> 10 ms) (GSource: 0x926b390)


    My LOG is flooded with those messages many times per second. I don't know what is wrong with heartbeat, but restarting the service fixed it.........
  • FUSE/Curlftpfs mount ftp account as drive partition in Linux


    This is a great way to use your ftp server space, for example on your web hosting account (althoughI believe many hosts don't allow storage like this), but if you have a VPS/Dedicated Server etc.., this would be perfect. Imagine how easy it is to work with an ftp account that you can just mount as a normal partition or directory in Linux, it would be great for backups etc.. Name curlftpfs - mount a ftp host as a local directory Synopsis........
  • XBOX 360 No Sound over HDMI Solution/Fix


    My XBOX's dashboard/firmware was from sometime in 2008 when I first bought the system. I mainly played using composite cables but at my brother in law's house we used HDMI. The very first time it worked, but then I bought some games that did some update and after that HDMI never worked. The symptoms besides having on sound is that your XBOX will show PC monitor resolutions but won't have any option to say you have a 720P or 1080P display, this means the XBOX firmware is fa........
  • Debian 5.04 RAID 1 mdadm boot problem GRUB error


    I successfully created a single RAID 1 partition which includes /boot inside it and my root directory through the Debian installer. It said GRUB installed successfully but when I try booting the OS it seems GRUB can't read anything. When trying to boot from GRUB GRUB Loading stage 1.5. GRUB loading, please wait... Error 2 I get "Error 2" when trying to boot Debian. I also notice from a LiveCD that........
  • Unixbench Score on Core i5 750 with OpenVZ Kernel vs Xen/Openvz


    This was unbelievable how much the Xen kernel slows things down, keep in mind both tests were done on the hostnode, one was with the Openvz-Xen hybrid kernel and the other was just OpenVZ. You can see the performance difference is nearly 300% better when not using the Xen kernel. OpenVZ-Xen Kernel Test Results (I was wondering what was wrong/so slow with my Core i5!) # # # # # #&n........
  • Canel Default VHOST DocumentRoot/Contents Directory is /usr/local/apache/htdocs


    This can be very annoying and CPanel doesn't seem to document it, or it's not found or made as obvious as it should be. It's always funny when I find it more difficult to work with a control panel than to do everytihng manually without CPanel or even Plesk. So once again, the default serve path for contents is: /usr/local/apache/htdocs and this is especially applicable when accessing Apache by just an IP which is unbound to any domain at this point.........
  • rsync my favorite/best/optimal default switches and options


    Not sure what rsync switches/options to use? rsync -PDrphogtl The short version would be: rsync -Pha I think these are really common sense options to use and probaby should be the default. Explanation of rsync switches P = display the progress D = hybrid of --specials and --devices so all special and device files will be copied as well. r = recursive (otherwise rsync won't copy files deeper than........
  • Seagate Drive 500GB Drive Dying


    This drive is clearly on the way out, the Kernel knows it but I'm surprised that SMART is not concerned. I didn't blame Seagate for their past issues until now. This hard drive has hardly been used and has not even been powered on for a year according to SMART. Home page is http://smartmontools.sourceforge.net/ === START OF INFORMATION SECTION === Model Family: Seagate Barracuda 7200.11 Device........
  • Seagate 7200.11 firmware defect in 500GB, 1000GB (1TB) and 1500GB (1.5TB) Hard Drives


    Seagate Inventory/Firmware Check I heard about this issue a long time ago but never looked into it. I figured I wasn't affected since my 500GB drives were running for so long. I've been using Seagate's since 2002 and to this day all of the drives I have are alive from Seagate. *Update the bad news is that I realize one of my 500GB's is about to die, it's not even a year old, but is also not affected by the recall according to Seagate! Seagate Inventory/Firm........
  • email2fax and Asterisk to do eFaxing


    It's basically free bash shell script available from: http://wpkg.org/email2fax/index.php/Main_Page Make sure you have the required tools: libtiff ghostscript mpack/munpack Where you can e-mail your Asterisk box and it will fax it to the phone number in the subject line. The good news ends there, it is fairly undocumented and buggy. Take for example how the documentation mentions you can invoke from the com........
  • Picking an FTPD (vsftpd) Server in Linux Centos/Debian


    I decided on using yum to help me decide even though I normaly use proftpd I decided to see what else I could find. yum search ftp Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * rpmforge: ftp-stud.fht-esslingen.de * base: mirrors.netdna.com * updates: updates.interworx.info * addons: yum.singlehop.com * extras: mirrors.netdna.com rpmforge........
  • Quick Tutorial On Starting A Web Site


    Quick Tutorial On Starting A Web Site[b:3cef3c01b6]Step 1.[/b:3cef3c01b6] Purchase a Domain Name (eg. yoursite.com) [b:3cef3c01b6]Step 2.[/b:3cef3c01b6] Design your site using a program such as Microsoft Frontpage or Macromedia Dreamweaver. If you are unable or unfamiliar with doing this you may want to hire a company to create your site (many of them will handle each aspect of setting up your site). [b:3cef3c01b6]Step 3.[/b:3cef3c01b6] Host your site........
  • E-Mail Tip


    E-Mail TipI just thought I'd give you guys a good tip about e-mail. It seems a lot of people like to use a Hotmail or ISP (eg. Telus) account for their e-mail but the problem is what happens if you switch ISPs, then your e-mail address no longer works and old friends might not be able to contact you. The same thing has happened for excite.com e-mail addresses where they just shut down. Whether you are a business owner or personal user can you afford to lose an e-mail........
  • NEC ND-3500A is great!


    NEC ND-3500A is great!I just picked up an NEC 3500A a few weeks ago and I love it. It is a great all in-one optical drive solution. It can burn DVD/+R-R at up 16x, read at 16x and rewrite at 4x and CD-R at up to 48x! Not bad, but the impotant part is that it delivers consistent high quality burns and the drive is as quiet as I could ask it to be. It's also convenient that it has a lot of hacked firmware for overspeeding of........
  • Other Security Web Sites


    Other Security Web SitesSeveral websites actively track security issues. This list provides you with the major providers of security information on the Web. Many of these organizations also provide newsletters and mailings to announce changes or security threats: Center for Education and Research in Information Assurance and Security (CERIAS) CERIAS is an industry-sponsored center at Purdue University that is focused on technology and relate........
  • Linux Kernel Error (2.6.33.1) BUG: Bad page state in process swapper - Keeps rebooting - initramfs bug


    *This is a bug with initramfs support, all kernels after around 2.6.27.54 suffer from this problem. If you try to include initramfs into your kernel (I mean actually building your binaries into the kernel) this will always happen. Obviously some code has changed in recent kernels that is present in all new kernels, it makes it impossible to boot I've tried the latest 2.6.32, 2.6.33, 2.6.34, 2.6.35, 2.6.36, 2.6.37, 2.6.38 kernels and they all do this. I found one bug re........
  • Linux Kernel Compilation (Intel(R) 82575/82576 PCI-Express Gigabit Ethernet support ) Error - drivers/net/igb/igb_main.c: In function `igb_up': make[3]: *** [drivers/net/igb/igb_main.o] Error 1


    Linux Kernel v2.6.30.3 102220 blocks CHK include/linux/version.h CHK include/linux/utsrelease.h SYMLINK include/asm -> include/asm-x86 CALL scripts/checksyscalls.sh CHK include/linux/compile.h CC drivers/net/igb/igb_main.o drivers/net/igb/igb_main.c: In function `igb_up':........
  • Geoip and Geocity Packages


    The "Geoip" package is available on virtually all Linux and Unix like systems and is very handy in looking an IP address' corresponding country. The homepage of the maintainers is here. They also have a package called "Geocity" which can be downloaded from their site, it is still free and gives you a close indication of the city the visitor is from. You can........
  • Adventures in pre-paid SIM Cards and data GPRS/Edge/3G in China with China Mobile in Shenzhen, Guangzhou, Shanghai, Beijing and other cities


    This really is a difficult and confusing process for non-Mandarin speakers, but here's what I've done and learned so far: You can purchase an "M-Zone" China Mobile pre-paid SIMCard from almost anywhere but I tried to purchase mine from Suning (a large electronics dealer) hoping they would be able to help me or answer my questions but my plan didn't work out at all. At Suning once I found someone who spoke some English they gave me the 55 RMB M-Zone China Mobile P........
  • How to avoid web content hijacking/copying/Force content to be accessed by only 1 domain name


    This is something that happens a lot and it is very dirty, as you probably know each site is hosted on a certain IP address. Sometimes a domain is hosted by a single IP address and the IP address defaults to this very same domain. This means that if someone buys domain abcd.com and enters your IP address (the one of your website) as the A record, your content will show up on their domain as if it was their own. There is an easy way to prevent this by using .htacces........
  • GRUB "Error 2: Bad file or directory type" 0.97 won


    You can see the problem below, GRUB recognizes my hard drive and sees the partitions but cannot access them. This is from the GRUB boot disc I'm using. What happened is that I had some power issues causing this system's power to be interrupted several times and basically an on/off on/off situation. The system won't boot, I just get a flashing cursor and no message or error from GRUB. Obviously the problem is that my MBR seems corrupt or some other issue. My........
  • yum error not working rpmdb: mmap: No such device TypeError: rpmdb open failed


    Loaded plugins: fastestmirror rpmdb: mmap: No such device error: db4 error(19) from dbenv->open: No such device error: cannot open Packages index using db3 - No such device (19) error: cannot open Packages database in /var/lib/rpm Traceback (most recent call last): File "/usr/bin/yum", line 29, in ? yummain.user_main(sys.argv[1:], exit_code=True) File "/usr/share/yum-cli/yummain.py&qu........
  • sudo: Error dropping capabilities, aborting in Linux Centos 5.3


    For some reason Ikeep getting this error when trying to run a sudo command eg: sudo -u someuser somecommand sudo: Error dropping capabilities, aborting My version of sudo is:sudo-1.6.9p17-3.el5_3.1 and I've heard that version 1.7 fixes everything. The only thing is yum does not think sudo has any update. Iguess the new version has not been committed to the RPM repository yet. This is really a huge and ann........
  • Fake PR Pagerank Identification - How do you know/check/verify the real PR(Pagerank)?


    Here is an example that I recently found, most PR checkers will say this domain is PR8 or will say "cannot analyze PR". The example is domain "bonserotica.com" view Google's cache of the homepage and you'll see as in the picture below, it lists a different URL, which means they used a redirect to a high PR site to fool you and the PR checkers.........
  • Apple iPhone 3GS and predecessors are leading a revolution


    As much of a computer nerd as Iam, I'm usually a late adopter to technology for a few reasons. Ifeel most new hyped technologies and electronics are mainly fads, and I'm also cheap. Adopting later means you avoid the bugs, kinks and most importantly pay the lowest price, that's me being cheap again :) I never read much about the iPhone but Isaw all the hype around it and until recently I wasn't a big fan of anything Apple until a few years ago I realize........
  • Samba SMB Error - Server not using user level security and no password supplied. tree connect failed: NT_STATUS_WRONG_PASSWORD


    Server not using user level security and no password supplied. tree connect failed: NT_STATUS_WRONG_PASSWORD That happens when trying to use smbclient to connect to a share. The weird thing is that I can authnenticate just fine from Windows XP. It is partially my mistake, I forgot this share does have a password. I've tried authenticating with the correct user and also with "Guest" because this works in Windows. In Linux I ........
  • Viewing and Connecting to an SMB Samba Share on Windows/Linux/Unix


    This will give you the basic info needed to browse and connect to Samba shares from the command line. From the GUI of Gnome or KDE etc, it is pretty standard and straight forward. However, I've found very little guides on how to do it from the command line and if you're like me, a nerd who prefers command line for its simplicity and for remote use, this is the way to go. First get a list of all the Samba/SMB shares on the target. smbclient -L hostname........
  • BIND/NAMED woes


    Feb 5 01:39:33 server named[19768]: zone myzone.com/IN: serial number (12331465) received from master 127.0.0.2#53 < ours (200901281) The above is taken from /var/log/messages This can be annoying, it can happen for a variety of reasons. What seems to be happening here is that the slave realizes the time on the slave is ahead of the master, so it therefore assumes it has the most up to date copy and won't actually transfer the zone. The solutio........
  • Writing/Burning a data CD-R/DVD-R or DVD+RW in Unix/Linux


    There's a lot of outdated information and confusion for system administrator's out there. One annoying task for many an Administrator has been backing up data in Linux. You don't need any GUI tools such as K3B or GnomeBaker. Both are excellent tools but for veteran command line users working remotely, using the keyboard is a great and possibly automated way to save yourself pain and hassle. At a later date we'll cover how scripting can automatically backup certain........
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