This is mainly for if you've done something silly like trying to clone a Live, running VM image. In this example, the VM initially finds grub and tries to boot but is kicked straight into initramfs rescue mode/busybox right after this.
If you've done this "silly" thing, you could have dataloss but a lot of times just using fsck will fix it as you are guaranteed at best to have some corruption and inconsistencies in the filesystem. My theory is that some files wer........
This guide assumes you have a working Postfix server and want it to sign with DKIM.
There are a few things we have to understand to make all of this work though, which require you to be familiar with DNS as well.
1.) Install OpenDKIM
apt install opendkim
systemctl enable opendkim
2.) Edit /etc/opendkim.conf
Syslog yes
SyslogSuccess yes
Mode&nbs........
apt install tftpd-hpa
#change TFTP_ADDRESS to by setting address to 192.168.1.1:69 or the IP you need, otherwise it will listen on all IPs and interfaces which could be a security risk.
# edit /etc/default/tftpd-hpa
TFTP_USERNAME="tftp"
TFTP_DIRECTORY="/srv/tftp"
TFTP_ADDRESS="192.168.1.1:69"
TFTP_OPTIONS="--secure"........
[Wed Nov 01 18:47:08 2023] [error] Unable to configure verify locations for client authentication
[Wed Nov 01 18:47:08 2023] [error] SSL Library Error: 151441510 error:0906D066:PEM routines:PEM_read_bio:bad end line
[Wed Nov 01 18:47:08 2023] [error] SSL Library Error: 185090057 error:0B084009:x509 certificate routines:X509_load_cert_crl_file:PEM lib
It actually gives us a good clue that at last one component of our cert is invalid/improperl........
Have you ever tried mounting a partition that you exists but you get this error?
mount: /mnt: can't read superblock on /dev/sda1.
The superblock in this example was bad because the physical disk had corruption and bad blocks/sectors. However, the data was generally accessible and you can always try this trick below (with caution and no warranty).
This is specifically for filesystems that place superblocks in multiple locations, which........
Nov 15 17:00:49 rttbox kernel: overlayfs: filesystem on '/var/lib/docker/overlay2/check-overlayfs-support450709549/upper' not supported as upperdir
Nov 15 17:00:49 rttbox dockerd[93755]: failed to start daemon: error initializing graphdriver: driver not supported
The above error is often/normally caused because you are trying to run docker out of an unsuitable directory/filesystem. For example if you try to place docker's data inside an existing overl........
Are you getting this error when trying to connect to a site/domain/service and then you checked your router/nameserver's logs to see what's wrong?
You may see something like this:
named[3025898]: REFUSED unexpected RCODE resolving
This is not usually an error with named or bind, at least not on your end but NORMALLY this is an issue with the remote nameserver.
A lot of times this is a misconfigured remote nameserver. A classi........
autoreconf: Entering directory `.'
autoreconf: configure.ac: not using Gettext
autoreconf: running: aclocal --output=aclocal.m4t
Can't exec "aclocal": No such file or directory at /usr/share/autoconf/Autom4te/FileUtils.pm line 326.
autoreconf: failed to run aclocal: No such file or directory
make: *** [/software/pixman/configure] Error 1
Just install automake:
yum install automake........
Step 1.) Upgrade to Debian 11 first
The process to go to Debian 12 is not as smooth as 11, when trying to upgrade from Debian 10. In fact, it doesn't work directly, so you'll first need to follow this guide to update to Debian 11, reboot and come back here if successful.
Step 2.) Update sources.list
Update your /etc/apt/sources.list like this:
deb http://........
If you get this error, it is often because you have configured Apache with modules that weren't actually installed. Eg. you try to load the PHPmodule but didn't actually install the apache2 php module, so the server can't start. In general, this error can often be caused by issues with problematic modules and/or Apache being configured for modules that have not actually be installed (eg. libapache2-mod-php) is missing.
The above results in this less than obv........
The issue is that Docker images are stripped down, so many tools and even python3 is missing, so you'll have to build or update the actual image yourself.
I assume you have started an image with something like this and that you have the Nvidia Toolkit installed (assuming you are using GPUs). If you're not using nvidia just remove --runtime=nvidia --gpus all.
docker run -it --runtime=nvidia --gpus all ubuntu bash
These works for most images li........
This does not seem to be officially documented but makes sense that an overlay on an overlay does not work and is considered an unsupported filesystem as is even NTFS . Some admins/organizations try to use ecyptfs as a simple solution to encrypt the contents of Docker. Instead, you could probably........
Let's say you have a directory /mnt/raid which has files and directories inside it, but nothing is mounted to it.
Then you mount a block device such as /dev/sdh to /mnt/raid
Even though /mnt/raid has files and directories there, you can only see the mounted contents of /mnt/raid.
How do we access the original contents?
Just do a bind mount of the root filesystem to another location.
mkdir /bindmount
mount --bind / /b........
Install exiftool:
apt install exiftool
Remove the metadata from "thefile.pdf":
exiftool -all= thefile.pdf
Warning: [minor] ExifTool PDF edits are reversible. Deleted tags may be recovered! - thefile.pdf
1 image files updated
Metadata, in the context of PDFs, refers to a set of data that describes and gives informat........
haproxy is one of the best known and widely used Open Source load balancers out there and a strong competitor to nginx.
haproxy is used by many large sites per Wikipedia:
HAProxy is used by a number of high-profile websites including GoDaddy, GitHub,........
If you are installing ta-lib for Python and get this error then you can normally solve it by manually getting the ta-lib source files and compiling.
tar -zxvf ta-lib-0.4.0-src.tar.gz
cd ta-lib;./configure;make;make install
Collecting ta-lib
Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/39/6f/6acaee2eac6afb2cc6a2adcb294080577f9983fbd2726395b9047c4e13ec/TA-Lib-0.4.26.tar.gz (272kB)
&nbs........
Be very careful about what filename you specify in dhcpd.conf if you get an error like this:
NBP filesize is 0 Bytes PXE-E23:Client received TFTP error from server.
If you specify "BOOTx64.efi" then the file had better not be called "BOOTx64.EFI" as it is case sensitive. It's really a case of th........
You can read lots of posts about this issue but there is not much information about why this is the case or how grub determines the root= device name. Some even suggest modifying grub.cfg manually which is a disaster as the next kernel update will cause grub to revert back to the device name.
For most people this won't be an issue but those using template system, automated deployments and working in embedded may run into this issue with custom embedded and created minimal kernel........
Later versions of ls try to be helpful and smart to prevent errors in dealing with files with spaces that were tradtionally a pain.
However if you need the raw/real filenames, this can break scripts or if you are pasting into a csv etc....
How do you make ls not add the quotes?
Add the capital "-N" switch
ls -N
You could also add an alias to make it more permanent
Do this to add it to ~/........
This is an ongoing issue even with the latest Thunderbird 102.x where attachments downloaded via IMAP just won't save or will be corrupt which is a huge interruption to workflow or if you come back later to find out the file you thought you saved is invalid/corrupt and you have perhaps deleted the e-mail.
How to solve the Thunderbird filesize attachment issue?
1. Click on "Settings". then go to "General".
2. Scroll to the bottom to find "Conf........
It sounds intuitive that you may just move the /var/lib/docker dir to another location and symlink it back but it won't work and you'll get an error.
How to move Docker Storage the Correct Way
This assumes that you want to use /mnt/raid as the new location.
1.) Stop Docker
systemctl stop docker
2.) Move /var/lib/docker
mv /var/lib/docker /mnt/raid/
3.) Edit the Docker daemon file
Specify the path you wan........
You probably didn't do an "update-grub" and grub no longer has any proper menu entries, but before you can fix it let's try to get grub booting anyway.
If you get this lovely black grub screen here's how you can get things booting.
In my case I have a gpt partition with partition 1 and 2. Partion 1 is just my EFI / ESPand partion 2 /dev/sda2 is my root which includes /boot.
You will have to adjust this if you had a separate /boot partition.........
1.) Make sure your conf register is 0x2102
Do show version and at the very end of the output you will see the Configuration register.
show version
Configuration register is 0x2102
If the config register is not 0x2102 then enter this command:
r1#configure terminal
r1(config)#config-register 0x2102
r1(config)#end
2.) Let's Erase the NVRAM/flash........
To find which package a file is from just pass it the path to the file in question, whether it's a config file or binary, you'll find your answer (assuming it does belong to a package of course).
Just use dpkg -S /path/to/yourfile
How To Find Which Package The File Belongs To in Debian Mint Ubuntu Linux
eg.
dpkg -S /usr/bin/xed
xed: /usr/bin/xed
dpkg -S /etc/pam.conf
libpam-runtime........
In this scenario, let's say you want to clone your OS at the filesystem level and the source system (the system you want to clone from) is in use.
Doing a blind rsync / is a big problem because it uses twice as much space for no reason.
The reason for this is that with ecryptfs you have a /home/.ecryptfs directory which has the actual encrypted versions of your files and folders. However your home directory (eg. /home/someuser) is mounted.
Doing the blind rsync will ca........
It may appear to be an Xorg or lightdm/gdm/mdm error but in reality for many users with this issue, it's a driver conflict and issue. I had a system that had two GPUs, an Intel and Nvidia GPU.
The only thing that got it working was to remove the nouveau driver and blacklist it so it never came back, then the Intel GPU works fine without these issues.
Solution
sudo rmmod nouveau
add nouveau/other driver to blacklist
edit th........
I've encountered this after upgrading some Debian/Ubuntu/Mint based systems for no explicable reason, although there are some bug trackers on Ubuntu that document this: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/grub2/+bug/1889509
The short end of the solution is that you need to properly reinstall grub.
1.) Boot from a LiveCD
2.) Mount your root / filesystem and don't forget to mo........
Just use apt-cache policy to find the repo of a package:
apt-cache policy lxd
lxd:
Installed: 3.0.3-0ubuntu1~18.04.2
Candidate: 3.0.3-0ubuntu1~18.04.2
Version table:
*** 3.0.3-0ubuntu1~18.04.2 500
500 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/main amd64 Packages
&nb........
ID3 2.4 can cause various MP3 players, especially on vehicles or even computers, not to play or at least not to display the ID3 tags.
In many cases though, since ID3 2.4 is much different than version 2.3, it will cause some players, especially in cars like Lexus not to play. Even on the computer, you may notice if you check the properties of the MP3 that it won't open or show any details (eg. frequency, bitrate and ID3 tags).
One symptom of this in a vehicle (eg. Leuxs,........
This can be used on almost anything, since Gluster is a userspace tool, based on FUSE. This means that all Gluster appears as to any application is just a directory.
Applications don't need specific support for Gluster, so long as you can tell the application to use a certain directory for storage.
One application can be for redundant and scaled storage, including for within Docker and Kubernetes, LXC, Proxmox, OpenStack, etc or just your image/web/video files or even da........
Let's say you have a VM file that uses 200G of dynamic space, but really only has 40G in usage. If you add fles and delete, at some point the file will be larger than the current space you are using.
Take this image which shows is using 71G of space on the host:
The actual space being used inside the image is about 43G as we can see:........
This may be necessary if you have a VM or if for some reason you just want to be more efficient with your space and have the flexibility of changing your swap space at will.
What we mean is the ability to use a "swap file" or similar to the Windows "pagefile" that normally resides on the root or c: partition of Windows.
Here's all you have to do and then you to can have a single partiton with everything, including the swap file on the root partition if you........
This happens during an apt update and is related to an issue with sources.list, which is particularly troubling, if you are doing a "live-build".
P: Configuring file /etc/apt/sources.list
Hit:1 http://deb.debian.org/debian bullseye InRelease
Get:2 http://deb.debian.org/debian bullseye-updates InRelease [39.4 kB........
The Best Docker Tutorial for Beginners
We quickly explain the basic Docker concepts and show you how to do the most common tasks from starting your first container, to making custom images, a Docker Swarm Cluster Tutorial, docker compose and Docker buildfiles.........
Just click on the Start Menu and go to "Startup Applications"
Then click on the "Add"Button
Now enter the command we need to open the folder/directory automatically using the filemanager
For remote SSH host (you need pub key auth for it to open without a pa........
Why choose OpenVPN instead of a firewall appliance?
OpenVPN can be a reliable and easy replacement for traditional hardware or just be an additional tool that your company uses so that the firewall can focus on its job rather than acting as a VPNappliance at the same time.
When comparing OpenVPN with traditional firewal........
How To Install Wazuh Server / Quickest Installation
Wazuh (forked from the well known OSSEC project) is a full SIEM (Security Information Event Management) that works extremely well with the platforms it natively supports as an "Agent", which allows you to do scans of everything such as all processes running, CVE vulnerability check, incident reporting etc...
Prerequisites:
A lot of issues with Wazuh seem to be caused by i........
1. Let's work from an environment where we can install Ansible on.
If you are using an older version of Linux based on Mint 18 or Ubuntu 16, you may want to get the PPA and get the latest version of Ansible that way:
sudo apt install gpg
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ansible/ansible
sudo apt update........
There are many reasons why Proxmox services may not start, but one common one, is if you have changed your /etc/hostname or /etc/hosts and don't have a valid FQDN (eg. proxmox01 instead proxmox01.com).
Failed to start The Proxmox VE cluster filesystem.
Failed to start Proxmox VE firewall.
Failed to start PVE Status Daemon.
Failed to start Proxmox VE scheduler.
Failed to start PVE Cluster HA Resource Manager Daemon.
Failed to star........
It is common that you may get access to undocumented equipment and need to reset the password. This applies to many Cisco routers whether 2600, 2900, 3900 etc...
Cisco's Guide says to hit Ctrl +Pause/Break but if it doesn't work on some devices causing people to say "cisco password reset pause break does not work", you can see Cisco's alternative key combinations here:........
So you're trying to browse to a properly configured Samba share but you get this error:
Unable to mount location
Failed to retrieve share list from server: Connection timed out
If your config is right, it can be due to a protocol miss-match where your client has not enabled SMB3 but by default the other side (server) has enabled it.
You can test this out to see with the smbclient tool........
This is a common issue when e-mailing or uploading video files.
One note is that you should make the filesize you choose below about 20% smaller than you need. For example I took a 219MB video and told it to be 20M. The resulting file was still about 21.9M but it was OK when I said 18M and was barely below the 20M size.
ffmpeg is our friend here, just use this command:
Change the -fs 100Mto the size you want eg. 20M, 500M
Chan........
Just a quick note and warning is that if you are testing to see if EFIPXE booting works on a VM, MAKE SURE it actually works. For example Iinitially tested using my Distro's QEMU 2.5+dfsg-5ubuntu10.46 and ovmf BIOS firmware (OVMF supports EFI). However, I found on old versions of QEMU (like 2.5), EFIbooting with GRUB NEVER works so it may appear that you have made a mistake when everything is fine when you boot a physi........
Enable "cli" mode equivalent in JunOS
cli
Configure Mode
configure
So rather than going to the console on a Cisco switch and typing "enable" and then "conf t", the equivalent in JunOS is "cli" and "configure".
How Do You Apply Changes You've Made?
You can make all kinds of changes to the switch, but remember they are not........
If you want to start fresh a lot of people falsely assume that an apt remove and then reinstall or apt --reinstall install package will start you off fresh. To be sure and remove all associated config files do the below with the example of ssh server (don't remove it though if you actually use it!)
The key below is using the --purge flag or apt-get purge proftpd (eg sudo apt --purge remove packagename)
apt purge proftpd; apt install proftpd........
One simple flag to configure will create a makefile that statically links all the shared objects and embeds them instead the binary execute. This means as long as you have the same architecture that things should run.
Eg. if you have an old version of Debian with a different version of glibc, then this will solve that problem.
./configure LDFLAGS="-static"
To test that it is really statically linked run ldd:
ldd src/wget........
The problem seems to be that whatever kernel and initrd you have is tied to an old version of CentOS 7 that is no longer in the current repos of most mirrors.
If you were previously able to PXEboot and install CentOS and you are sure your network and tftp are good the problem is that you have an outdated kernel and initramfs that point to a defunct version.........
kdenlive is VERY finicky especially if using an older or newer version it can cause crashes, menus not to work, features not to work, things not to work properly.
A good example is that Icould NOT get automask to work, there would be no box to control it until I did this full reset.
One caution is that your backup project files will be erased when doing this:
How to Reset kdenlive entirely
rm ~/.config/kdenlive-layoutsrc
rm........
The below appears at first to be a bad mirror DNS error, but if you've ruled that out you just need to clear your broken yum cache and things will be good.
yum update
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: centos.01link.hk
* extras: centos.01link.hk
* updates: centos.01link.hk
http://mirror.worria.com/centos/7.8.2003/os/x86_64/repodata/repomd.xml: [Errno 14] HTTP Error 404 - Not........
This normally works but if not use my mencoder solution if the output video does not play past the joined time.
the contents of list.txt need to look like this:
file somefile.mp4
file somefile2.mp4
then run ffmpeg
ffmpeg -f concat -i list.txt -c copy CME-2-router-dial-peer-final.mp4
The result is almost instant joining since there is no video processing since we are........
It really seems limited in that it can mainly give you the things you would see on the physical unit such as load etc..
wget https://downloads.sourceforge.net/project/apcupsd/apcupsd%20-%20Stable/3.14.14/apcupsd-3.14.14.tar.gz?r=https%3A%2F%2Fsourceforge.net%2Fprojects%2Fapcupsd%2Ffiles%2Flatest%2Fdownload&ts=1598115866
tar -zxvf apcupsd-3.14.14.tar.gz
cd apcupsd-3.14.14
[root@somebox apcupsd-3.14.14]#
./conf........
http://vault.centos.org/5.9/os/i386/repodata/filelists.xml.gz: [Errno -1] Metadata file does not match checksum
yum clean all
yum makecache
yum update........
apt install software-properties-common
add-apt-repository ppa:deadsnakes/ppa
apt update
apt install python3-pip
apt install python3.7 curl gnupg python3.7-dev git
ln -s /usr/bin/python3.7 /usr/bin/python3
pip3 install numpy keras_preprocessing
curl https://bazel.build/bazel-release.pub.gpg | sudo apt-key add -
echo "deb [arch=amd64] http://storage.googleapis.com/bazel-apt stable jdk1.8" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/bazel........
yum -y install wget unzip
wget https://download.nextcloud.com/server/releases/nextcloud-18.0.2.zip
unzip nextcloud-18.0.2.zip
yum -y install php php-mysqlnd php-json php-zip php-dom php-xml php-libxml php-mbstring php-gd mysql mysql-server
Last metadata expiration check: 0:58:02 ago on Fri 13 Mar 2020 02:12:49 PM EDT.
Dependencies resolved.
===================================================================........
This is sure simple if you follow the guide but it took a lot of hacking around to make this work on Debian/Ubuntu!
Now before you ask why bother running wine and python, the reason is because Python executables are NOT cross-platform. If you run pyinstaller in Linux, that binary will only run on Linux and the same if you do it in Windows. So it is preferable if you have a single environment that you can create Linux and Windows binaries from rather than running 2 separate........
The scenario here is that you have some sort of remote headless Linux server but would like to run some programs on them and get graphical access to them. The problem is that the remote server may be an image or VMwithout any virtual GPU and even if so, it is likely without KDE or Gnome, so there's no real way to do this, unless you follow our guide.
Install xvfb
apt install xvfb
Reading package lists... D........
It is unfortunate that LXC's dir mode is completely insecure and allows way too much information from the host to be seen. I wonder if there will eventually be a way to break into the host filesystem or other container's storage?
OpenVZ better security:
[root@ev ~]# cat /proc/mdstat
cat: /proc/mdstat: No such file or directory
/dev/simfs 843G 740G 61G........
The cool thing here is that we only need 1 drive to make a RAID 10 or RAID 1 array, we just tell the Linux mdadm utility that the other drive is "missing" and we can then add our original drive to the array after booting into our new RAID array.
Step#1 Install tools we need
yum -y install mdadm rsync
Step #2 Create your partitions on the drive that will be our RAID array
Here I assume it is /dev........
If you can print other PDFs but not a particular one it is very likely that the PDF size is A4 (the longer, skinnier Asian paper size) instead of the North American letter size ( 8.5" x 11"). This breaks printing in most cases. Or it may print if you find a program that ignores the size issue.
Here is an example of an A4 being rejected by a printer in Ubuntu Linux via CUPS
Cannot print PDF CUPS Samsung C460:
Processin........
sudo pip3 install python-docx
[sudo] password for :
Downloading/unpacking python-docx
Downloading python-docx-0.8.10.tar.gz (5.5MB): 5.5MB downloaded
Running setup.py (path:/tmp/pip_build_root/python-docx/setup.py) egg_info for package python-docx
no previously-included directories found matching 'docs/.build'
warning: no previously-included files matching '.DS_Store' foun........
cat .htaccess
RewriteEngine On
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d
RewriteRule . index.php [L]
I keep reading there is a "# BEGIN WordPress" and a "# END WordPress" in the wordpress htaccess above but there is clearly not.
Even more strange is that my permissions are just 444 (read only).
so i changed it........
The way of doing it in mint is different than gnome and ubuntu.
gsettings set org.mate.background picture-filename /path/to/file.jpg
*If you try to use the gnome way it will NOT work with Linux Mint:
gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.background picture-uri /some/pic.jpg........
Install Errors on Version 12:
This error happened on QEMU emulator version 2.11.1 pve-qemu-kvm_2.11.1-5
on Proxmox/Debian but installing on QEMU.12 on Centos 6 did not produce the error.
*Update it is not related to the OS or QEMU version. This happened in Centos 6 too after a second install.
What really causes this even though you successfully install........
I have seen this in a few rare cases after a reboot, where all folders and files will have the Read Only Attribute. If you uncheck it, it will just come back. It is more of a filesystem issue in Windows than a configuration issue and it looks like when Windows detects a badly corrupted filesystem that it will make things read-only, sort of like Linux would.
If you are Administrator or the owner of the folder and this is happening it is probably due to the reasoning mention........
It is almost as intuitive as we would like it is just a *.
So literally:
*INA 127.0.0.1
Complete working bind zonefile below:
$TTL 86400
@ IN SOA ns.rtt.ca. ns2.rtt.ca. (
1247605715; Serial
&n........
The strange thing is that usually the first install or two will work on any new machine but then it suddenly won't. I had this experience on QEMU 2.13 on a different machine. There is something finicky or buggy about the CUCM installer even when choosing the same virtual hardware specs.
qemu-kvm command:
/usr/libexec/qemu-kvm -version
QEMU PC emulator version 0.12.1 (qemu-kvm-0.12.1.2-2.506.el6_10.1), Copyright (c) 2003-2008 Fabrice Bellard
........
Uh oh, so you're working on some super l33t code or other stuff that is super important and Linux Mint's MATE or Cinnamon window manager freezes. This means maybe you can move your mouse but you can't click anything, you can't Alt + Tab to another program but everything appears to be working other than that.
The first thing you would do is Ctrl + Alt + F1 (or whatever virtual terminal you want) and get into the Linux bash prompt (the black screen where things really happen :))........
Perhaps you've just seen this in the bash prompt:
-bash-4.1#
Instead of the expected user@hostname#
It is probably because you are missing .bash_profile or .bashrc in your home directory
Check for yourself:
ls -al ~/|grep -E ".bash_profile|.bashrc"
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root&nbs........
If you don't aleady have it, you'll need EPEL
Install LXC
yum -y install lxc lxc-templates
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Setting up Install Process
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirror.it.ubc.ca
* epel: mirrors.kernel.org
* extras: mirror.it.ubc.ca
* updates:........
This works on the 2000 and 3000 series generally.
*The easy way is to just hold the mode button for 10+ seconds.
The full/proper way is below:
1.) Either power on the unit and hold the "mode" button or hold the "mode" button until you see the below:
00:04:08: %SYS-7-NV_BLOCK_INIT: Initalized the geometry of nvram
00:04:08: %EXPRESS_SETUP-6-CONFIG_IS_RESET: The configur........
What you need to do if you have taken a dd or real raw image dump of a hard disk:
VBoxManage convertdd windows2019-eval-template.img windows2019.vdi --format VDI
The .img is the raw dd dump and the .vdi is the output file.
--format VDIspecifies to output to .vdi format
If you are in a pinch you can always use qemu-kvm binary and manually specify the .img as your disk and i........
ln -s --force newfile.jpg existingsymlink.jpg
All you do is use the --force flag to force/update the existing one.
The above modifies a symlink called "existingsymlink.jpg" and points it to "newfile.jpg" as the source.........
Do you hate how Centos 7 defaults to allocating most of your valuable space to /home even though it is a production server?
Here is a quick guide on how to take back that space live, while online (of course make sure you have backups just in case something goes wrong!):
First we will reduce our home dir by 100G:
lvreduce -L -100G /dev/mapper/centos-home
WARNING: Reducing active and open logical volume to ........
I tried to stop a qemu-img copy or clone and it broke everything. It was fine to "stop" it from the GUI but a process still persisted so I killed the relevant qemu-img and the kernel went crazy. It also may not have helped that I tried to lvremove a different volume (an unused disk). But either way it breaks LVM (you cannot even run lvdisplay) so a reboot is necessary.
Jan 17 06:45:21 testserver kernel: [ 5680.439337] systemd-udevd D 0&nbs........
1.) Create Image using qemu-img
qemu-img create -f qcow2 skype.img 40G
2.) Start VM using flags
-m = memory in MB
-drive file=yourimagefile.img
-cdrom /path/to/the.iso
qemu-system-x86_64 -m 4096 -drive file=skype.img -cdrom ~/Downloads/SfB-E-9319.0-enUS.ISO
Enable Bridged Networking........
Before getting into the output here is my typical experience with SMART, there is what I call a "bad disk" with pending and uncorrectable sectors that cannot be reallocated.
It has caused a kernel panic and system crash repeatedly as we can see from the logs.
But SMART says it has "PASSED" its self assessment. SMART is still useful to me but it is more about looking at Current_Pending_Sector.
Any time I have had anything but 0 for that attribute it........
initiator = client
target = server
These are the first concepts you should understand which is that in iscsi essentially the "initiator" is the client and the "target" is the server.
iSCSI is derived from the old fashioned SCSI that us oldtimers grew to love. The "i" stands for Internet and the SCSI stands for "Small Computers Systems Interface" (SCSI).
iSCSI Target (Server)Setup
targetcli is the pac........
grep -E servers1[2-6] somefile.txt
The 1 before the [ bracket means that the number must start with one and can be between 1 and [2-6] or in plain English between 12-16.
........
systemd is like the service manager for your Centos and other modern Linux distributions (including Debian/Mint/Ubuntu) allows you to enable services, stop them, restart them, check their status and even reboot your system.
The key commands or arguments you will use with systemctl are the following:
Unit Commands:
list-units [PATTERN...] List loaded units
&nbs........
umask are the default permissions that are applied when a file or directory are created. To see this in action simply just "touch filename" or "mkdir somedir" and you'll see what default permissions are applied.
The first thing Ialways tell people you should know is to NEVER change the defaults unless you are making them more restrictive. But they work well and if you change the defaults you could end up creating a file without permission to read........
You'll have to violate the iso9660 standards but it is necessary if you want to preserve your filesystem and filenames and shouldn't be an issue as long as you are using a modern OS like Linux.
genisoimage -o Backup-Myfiles.iso -r -J -joliet-long /some/path/
You will get errors like below (even enabling joliet-long didn't help)
genisoimage: Error: /some/filename.pdf have the same Joliet name
Joliet tree sort failed. The -joliet-lo........
Where markdown=markdown language file and $output is your outputfile.html
pandoc -f markdown $markdown -t html5 --toc --toc-depth=1 > $output
........
Error 0 occurred while receiving the document
root@vh1:/var/tmp# wget http://mirror.compevo.com/proxmox/proxmox-ve_5.2-1.iso
--2018-08-30 16:27:37-- http://mirror.compevo.com/proxmox/proxmox-ve_5.2-1.iso
Resolving mirror.compevo.com (mirror.compevo.com)... 103.25.61.44
Connecting to mirror.compevo.com (mirror.compevo.com)|103.25.61.44|:80... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 641517568 (612M) [application/o........
Your database uses Antelope as the file format. Full UTF-8 support in MySQL and MariaDB requires the Barracuda file format. Please switch to the Barracuda file format. See the documentation MySQL full unicode support for details.
In /etc/my.cnf under [mysqld]
180827 21:43:14 InnoDB: 5.5.59 started; log sequence number 1589339
180827 21:43:14 [ERROR] /usr/libexec/mysqld: unknown variable 'db_file_format=Ba........
This is not so much of a vi error as it is a physical filesystem error in the sense that the file you are trying to write to is a symlink and the destination doesn't exist or for some other reason is inacessible.
So vi is tellng you "you're writing to a symlinked file and the file the symlink points to cannot be written to". This is especially highlighted byt he fact that if you are using wq! to write and you still get the error.........
Usually this is because when you created your user you added a user but didn't create their home directory and/or for some reason your .bashrc and .bash_profile in ~ (home) is broken/missing.
In your home just create the following files with the following content to solve it:
.bashrc and .bash_profile.
To apply it just relogin/start a new bash session
# .bash_profile
# Get the aliases and funct........
[root@localhost:~]
BootModuleConfig.sh echo host-ind nfcd........
yes it does create its own json
============================================
cat /tmp/vcsaUiInstaller/ovftool-20180809-175238948-20180809-175603497.log |grep -i json
2018-08-09T17:56:04.238-07:00 verbose OVFTool[30966] [Originator@6876 sub=Default] Manifest file entry: SHA1(VMware-vCenter-Server-Appliance-6.7.0.12000-8832884_OVF10-file1.json) = 1deb658c724767697587d5909c4051c01813e6a1
--> ........
sudo apt-get install libcurl4-openssl-dev git build-essential autotools-dev autoconf libcurl3
sudo apt-get install libcurl4-gnutls-dev
git clone https://github.com/wolf9466/cpuminer-multi
sudo apt-get install cmake libpthread-* libmicrohttpd-dev libssl-dev libhwloc-dev
git clone https://github.com/fireice-uk/xmr-stak-cpu.git
make install
cd bin
chmod +x xmr-stak-cpu
./xmr-stak -O xmr........
To remove all spaces from all files in the current directory
linux rename remove spaces
rename "s/ //g" *
how to replace part of the text with another (it is almost like using sed):
rename s/"Screenshot at 2019-04-22 "/"AC97-Windows-InstallSolution"/g *
The first part "Screenshot at 2019-04-22" is what we're looking for
The........
Server Side Config
1.) First install nfs-utils
yum -y install nfs-utils
2.) Configure nfs share
Create a directory for your NFS share
mkdir /datastore
Create your NFS share in /etc/exports
echo "/datastore 10.220.101.0/24(rw,sync,no_root_squash)" >> /etc/exports
systemctl restart nfs........
nfs mount failed:
mount 10.10.2.20:/tmp/nfsmount /mnt/nfs/
mount: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on 10.10.2.20:/tmp/nfsmount,
missing codepage or helper program, or other error
(for several filesystems (e.g. nfs, cifs) you might
need a /sbin/mount. helper program)
 ........
The main issue is it looks like Java is not configured to accept the invalid ssl cert that is coming from the download location.
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.RuntimeException: javax.net.ssl.SSLException: java.security.ProviderException: java.security.InvalidKeyException: EC parameters error
export ANDROID_HOME=/home/user/Downloads/tools/
Conversations-master$ ./gradlew
Downloading https://services.gradle.org/distributions/grad........
A simple way that may work for a lot of people who just need basic output for their scripts or daemons to announce an action is this:
echo "body or message" | mail -s "realtechtalk.com" user@domain.com
If you want to send a text file as the body just do this instead:
mail -s "realtechtalk.com" user@domain.com < /tmp/sometxtfile.txt
These are some ve........
ValueError: new value non-existent xfs filesystem is not valid as a default fs type
Pane is dead
From what Iread this is misleading and has to do with the fact that the initrd and kernel are mismatched.
This is a hard situation because for some older hardware Iam using the Centos Plus kernel which has modules that Irequire for an older server/NIC. This seems to have cropped up in the past few months and there is no simple fix........
wget -qO
You just need the -qO switch and you'll be good to go, the output then goes to your console/screen/script rather than a file.........
This works for almost all ISO's Ifind (at least Linux based):
sudo dd if=CentOS-6.9-x86_64-minimal.iso of=/dev/sdg bs=20M
20+1 records in
20+1 records out
427819008 bytes (428 MB) copied, 118.233 s, 3.6 MB/s
Of course change the .iso filename above and the /dev/sdg to your desired USB drive!........
Starting container...
vzquota : (error) Quota on syscall for id 4532: No such file or directory
vzquota on failed [3]
Solution
vzquota drop 4532
Then start the container and it should work. It actually happened after migrating the VPS manually to ano........
So I have a domain "testdomain.com".
Inside test domain.com's root is the following .htaccess:
Options +FollowSymLinks -Indexes
ErrorDocument 403 /launch/index.html
Order Deny,Allow
Deny From All
Allow From 192.168.1.2
When you visit anything other than root things work fine. Eg. if you visit http://testdomain.com/somedirfile.html
It will show the right error in /launch/........
It has been a big pain for a long-time to install Windows from a Linux environment. I used to run a windows install server and it never worked right for some reason (the install would fail on most servers).
Before getting start be sure to setup your samba share so once you boot into WinPE you can mount the install for whatever Windows you want
/etc/samba/smb.conf
[smbwinstall]
path = /tftpboot/images/winstall
guest ok = yes........
Some of the cheaper or newer SSL suppliers will require this to work properly (otherwise you may be prompted that the cert is invalid when it's not the case but it will certainly scare off your users!).
In the Apache vhost conf for the domain here is what you add:
SSLCACertificateFile /path/to/your/cafile.pem
Here is a full example of an SSL Vhost config in Apache using a CA Certificate file
........
The easiest way is to use SSHand DD or a combination of netcat. SSHwill be a little slower due to encryption but is the most secure way (on two older systems the average clone speed is about 40-50MB/s). This is also OS independent as it doesn't matter what the source OS is because you are literallly cloning the drive so you retain the partition table and settings.
Clone HDD using SSH and DD........
I don't recall having this issue in the distant past but nowadays at least Debian seems to be very picky about this.
I used dd to copy one hard drive to another and tried booting it. Everything seemed fine with grub working but each time it would drop to the busybox shell. There is no particular error so this is misleading.
Normally the first things you would check are to make sure your fstab is correct (that the UUID is correct)and that you've updated grub.&........
This just simply outputs what you need a username and password that can be used to authenticate from .htaccess
htpasswd -nb user password
user:Gnb6uE9Lp4gt2
If you want to write it straight to a file
htpasswd -cb /tmp/somefile.pw user password
How To Use This In .htaccess
AuthUserFile /tmp/somefile.pw
AuthName GetLost!!
AuthType B........
yum -y install samba
vi /etc/samba/smb.conf
https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/boot/syslinux/syslinux-6.03.zip
mkdir syslinux;cd syslinux;unzip syslinux-6.03.zip
mkdir -p /tftpboot/libs/
cp bios/com32/modules/linux.c32 /tftpboot/libs/
cp bios/com32/libutil/libutil.c32 /tftpboot/libs/
cp bios/com32/lib/libcom32.c32 /tftpboot/libs/
#add lib path
echo "PATH libs" >> /tftpboot/pxeli........
guestmount -a kvmuserscra.img -m /dev/sda1 mount
libguestfs: error: mount_options: /dev/sda1 on / (options: ''): mount: unknown filesystem type 'ntfs'
guestmount: '/dev/sda1' could not be mounted.
guestmount: Did you mean to mount one of these filesystems?
guestmount: /dev/sda1 (ntfs)
guestmount: /dev/sda2 (ntfs)
yum -y install ntfs-3g
still........
This is not just a Linux issue but a general issue most software or hardware players cannot play the resulting exported/backed up format of .h264 from DVR security camera footage for some silly reason.
There is a simple solution in Linux using ffmpeg fortunately.
Convert the .h264 file into mp4
ffmpeg -i yourfile.h264 -codec copy video.mp4
play dvr .h264 file........
ob_start();
include "yourfile.php";
$stored_value=ob_get_clean();........
You are using Centos 5 which is deprecated so nothing in yum will work until you follow this post to use the vault:
http://realtechtalk.com/Centos_59_Working_Vault_Repo_file-1921-articles
yum update
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* epel: fedora-archive.ip-connect.vn.ua
Traceback........
Centos 5 is not supported running yum will produce an error like this:
YumRepo Error: All mirror URLs are not using ftp, http[s] or file.
Eg. Invalid release/
removing mirrorlist with no valid mirrors: /var/cache/yum/base/mirrorlist.txt
Error: Cannot find a valid baseurl for repo: base
Solution - Update this file CentOS-Base.repo
# CentOS-Base.repo........
cagecoin linux compile:
sudo apt-get install qt4-qmake libqt4-dev build-essential libboost-dev libboost-system-dev
libboost-filesystem-dev libboost-program-options-dev libboost-thread-dev
libssl-dev libdb++-dev libminiupnpc-dev
Solution:
sed -i s/"BOOST_LIB_SUFFIX=-mt-s"/"#BOOST_LIB_SU........
When things go wrong your video is basically unplayable or the first video plays fine and then freezes when moving on to the next. Generally if both videos weren't produced with the exact 100% same settings you will have issues. You can try the basic concat but it often won't work right.
Solution for me:
My example uses 3 videos in total so "n=3" and a=1 to include audio.
ffmpeg -threads 12 -i file1.mp4 -........
I believe from what I've read that this card's driver doesn't support the features after trying all known troubleshooting methods.
ffmpeg -i uservideoRendered.mp4 -filter:v hwupload_cuda,scale_npp=w=1920:h=1080:format=nv12:interp_algo=lanczos,hwdownload -c:v hevc_nvenc -profile main -preset slow -rc vbr_hq -c:a copy uservideoRendered.mp4-test
ffmpeg -i uservideoRendered.mp4 -filter:v hwupload_cuda,scale_npp=w=1920:h=1080:format=nv12:interp_algo=lanczos,hwdownload........
Essentially a program I was running for mining did not terminate properly with Ctrl+C it is listed as defunct and cannot be killed, kernel is tainted and normal tricks to disable the port are impossible the dev and sys entries for the device cannot be browsed or interacted with in any form without a lockup of the request. The only solution is to reboot due to the kernel taint as far as I can find so far.
[1130246.811056] INFO: task minerd:21861 blocked for more th........
#if you have nvidia make sure you install the nvidia-cuda-toolkit so hardware acceleration can be used
wget http://ffmpeg.org/releases/ffmpeg-3.3.2.tar.bz2
tar -jxvf ffmpeg-3.3.2.tar.bz2
cd ffmpeg-3.3.2/
./configure --disable-yasm
install prefix /usr/local
source path ........
Done on Centos 7.3 very important as clearly based on older guides it was a lot easier and more simpler! Hint do not use grub2-install!
If you have trouble booting after this check this CentOS mdadm RAID booting/fixing guide.
One huge caveat if you are an oldschool user or sysadmin who has avoided UEFIbooting
The nor........
user@box:~$ sudo tune2fs -l /dev/md99
[sudo] password for user:
tune2fs 1.42.9 (4-Feb-2014)
Filesystem volume name:
Last mounted on: /mnt/md50
Filesystem UUID: 976a8655-2619-4587-878c-dab07f7b7652
Filesystem magic number: 0xEF53
Filesystem revision #: 1 (dynamic)
Fi........
I am using a GTX 1060 but replace the download for the driver with the correct/current version for your particular card by visiting: http://www.nvidia.com/Download/index.aspx?lang=en-us
yum install automake curl openssl-devel libcurl-devel gcc gcc-c++
yum -y install kernel-devel-`uname -r`
yum -y install unzip
#the........
This is a common issue, what if a issue shouldn't have root but you want to use that user to make a full backup of a system? They of course need root access.
You can actually just give them passwordless sudo access to rsync in /etc/sudoers:
sudo vi /etc/sudoers
yourusername ALL = NOPASSWD: /usr/bin/rsync
Here is how you would execute rsync:
The key thing for the remote host is to........
[2017/06/12 21:14:04.991169, 0] ../source3/param/loadparm.c:3259(process_usershare_file)
process_usershare_file: stat of /var/lib/samba/usershares/dump failed. Permission denied
Issue was the parent directory needed chmod 755........
php read file into variable
$content = file_get_contents(home.html);
Otherwise if you want to get the source code of the PHP file, it's the same as a .txt file:
$content = file_get_contents('/path/to/phpfile.php');
You can also get from URLs:
$content = file_get_contents('http://someurl.com/file.txt');........
Here is a simple MP3 player and now there's a reason to understand why the supplied cable has some kind of capacitor and is very short. These devices can be VERY finicky and any voltage fluctuation or difference is enough to cause issues.
Take for example the error messages from Linux Mint:
[804829.895414] usb 1-1: USB disconnect, device number 11
[806961.109030] usb 1-1: new high-speed USB device number 12 using xhci_hcd........
Jun 1 15:45:42 videoeditor-desktop org.mate.panel.applet.MintMenuAppletFactory[1882]: project_data:INFO Missing folder chosen by user:
Jun 1 15:45:42 videoeditor-desktop org.mate.panel.applet.MintMenuAppletFactory[1882]: project_data:INFO Removed missing file: MAH02949.MP4
Jun 1 15:45:57 videoeditor-desktop org.mate.panel.applet.MintMenuAppletFactory[1882]: ui_util:WARNING Icon theme media-playback-start not found. Will use backup........
Transaction Check Error:
file /usr/lib64/php/modules/fileinfo.so conflicts between attempted installs of php-pecl-fileinfo-1.0.4-2.el6.rf.x86_64 and php-common-5.3.3-49.el6.x86_64
solution you can't install php-pecl-fileinfo it seems to be incompatble with the php5.3 being installed:
yum --exclude=php-pecl-fileinfo --skip-broken --disablerepo=epel install php-*........
Just make sure you have php-xdebug installed and edit your php.ini:
[xdebug]
xdebug.profiler_enable = 0
xdebug.profiler_enable_trigger = 1
xdebug.profiler_output_dir = "/tmp/xdebug/"
xdebug.output_name = "cachegrind.out.%t-%s"
Also make and set permissions on /tmp/xdebug:
mkdir /tmp/xdebug
chmod 777 /tmp/xdeb........
If you have this problem: http://realtechtalk.com/mencoder_bmovl_error_vf_bmovl_Unknown_command_Ignoring_-1860-articles
Then ffmpeg is for you. Go here if you are using Linux Mint and cannot find or install it to use an external PPA........
Based on this tutorial: http://www.linuxjournal.com/content/overlay-images-video-using-mplayer-and-mencoder
mencoder -oac pcm -ovc raw -vf bmovl=0:0:tfifo -o $output $file
vf_bmovl: Unknown command: ''. Ignoring. ........
There are usually two reasons for this.
#1 The most common is that you need to enable the -r (recursive) flag with zip to make it recurse into directories.
So the solution is to use -r
zip -r somefile.zip yourfiles
#2 If you are using bash scripting based on ls without the full path or for some other reason the full path is missing, zip looks for the files in the current directory so this will always fail.........
Normally an ls will just produce the actual contents of the current or target directory eg.
ls mydir
myfile1
myfile2
myfile3
But what if you need to find the full or relative path to another program that cares whether that be zip or etc.?
You need the "-d" switch and the asterisk inside the actual directory.
ls -d mydir/*
mydir/myfil........
tar -xvJf somefile.tar.xz
It is very annoying that so many are now using the .xz archive format as standard instead of .tar.gz but nevertheless above is how you would extract it with the "J" flag (not lower case j as that is for bz).........
1.) Replicate the number of partitions in your new drives.
gdisk /dev/sda
gdisk /dev/sdb
I created 3 partitions of the same same size.
partition #1: +1G (/boot)
partition #2: +60G (swap)
partition #3: rest of it (/)
#note if you are using GPT/gdisk you need to create separate a partition at least 1MB in size (in my case I would a 4th partition and mark it type ef02).........
The solution is simply "tidy"/Tidy-HTML. It will take your poorly formatted HTML code (and I mean files that span just a few lines that are unreadable) and fix it up.
Note the command below does everything in place. *Make sure you take a backup of all .html files*
It also seems to break html5 code/templates so beware.
tidy -im yourfile.html
An automated way in bash:........
Could not retrieve mirrorlist http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=6&arch=x86_64&repo=os error was
12: Timeout on http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=6&arch=x86_64&repo=os: (28, 'Operation too slow. Less than 1 bytes/sec transfered the last 30 seconds')
Error: Cannot find a valid baseurl for repo: base
You would think this should be fine and simple like using a proxy with most other software?
However........
Get the python "warc extractor" from here. WARC just seems to be such an unnecessary and complicated format. Why not use tar, rar, zip etc...?
./warc-extractor.py -dump content !http:content-type:pdf yourfile.warc........
In short the solution is just to use vgremove for the actual /dev/mapper device:
vgremove /dev/mapper/backups-backuplv
box mnt # mdadm --manage /dev/md8 --stop
mdadm: Cannot get exclusive access to /dev/md8:Perhaps a running process, mounted filesystem or active volume group?
box mnt # lv
lvchange lvconvert lvcreate l........
This was a surprising bug but I unplugged all drives for an array md127. At first it was just 1 drive and mdadm seemed to notice this. I unplugged the second drive taking the array offline but mdadm did not realize it was offline and still showed a non-existent disk as being part of it. This created problems trying to unmount it or even to stop this array with mdadm freezing.
As for how to fix it I can only think of making sure you are not in a mounted path of........
The solution is simple but strange, if you copy your /var/lib/mysql directory to another server and think it will work, be sure to check if you have /var/log/mysql and binary log files. If you do, the server will not work and will give you errors like below and crash without the proper log files.
UPDATE user SET password=password("newpass") WHERE user='root';
flush privileges;
ERROR 2013 (HY000): Lost connection to MySQL server durin........
# yum -y install qemu-kvm
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Setting up Install Process
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirror.lzu.edu.cn
* elrepo: ftp.utexas.edu
* epel: ftp.jaist.ac.jp
* extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
* openvz-kernel-rhel6: mirror.fdcservers.net
* openvz-utils: mirror.fdcservers.net
* updates: mirrors.nwsuaf.edu.cn
Resolving Dependencies........
sudo fdisk /dev/sdh
WARNING: GPT (GUID Partition Table) detected on '/dev/sdh'! The util fdisk doesn't support GPT. Use GNU Parted.
WARNING: The size of this disk is 8.0 TB (8001563221504 bytes).
DOS partition table format can not be used on drives for volumes
larger than (2199023255040 bytes) for 512-byte sectors. Use parted(1) and GUID
partition table format (GPT).
The device presents a l........
The only solution after trying many suggestions was to simply restart the "vz" service (definitely not preferable).
Even doing an ifdown and ifup for venet0 did not help.
ifup venet0
Bringing up interface venet0:
Configuring interface venet0:
net.ipv4.conf.venet0.send_redirects = 0
RTNETLINK answers: Network is down
Some errors from log:
CPT ERR: d2dc60........
Usage: geoiplookup [-h] [-?] [-d custom_dir] [-f custom_file] [-v] [-i] [-l]
Usage: geoiplookup [-h] [-?] [-d custom_dir] [-f custom_file] [-v] [-i] [-l]
grep: Address: No such file or directory
grep: not: No such file or directory
grep: found: No such file or directory
sh: -c: line 1: syntax error near unexpected token `|'
sh: -c: line 1: `|cut -d ',' -f 2'
........
This happened while an mdadm array was syncing, all access from writing a new blank file to opening a small .txt file was very slow:
[222117.312078] kjournald starting. Commit interval 5 seconds
[222117.685060] EXT3-fs (md0): using internal journal
[222117.685096] EXT3-fs (md0): mounted filesystem with ordered data mode
[222122.376847] kjournald starting. Commit interval 5 seconds
[222122.602825] EXT3-fs (md2): using internal jour........
It is as simple as the command below, it will then update your mdadm.conf or create it in /etc/mdadm.conf
mdadm --detail --brief --scan > /etc/mdadm.conf
........
There was only one solution here and it was the following:
edit /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
Comment the lines for the Mime Magic Module:
# MIMEMagicFile /usr/share/magic.mime
# MIMEMagicFile conf/magic
*Don't forget to restart Apache and clear your browser cache twice
I was using DefaultType and ForceType a........
Stopping httpd: [FAILED]
Starting httpd: httpd: Syntax error on line 73 of /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf: Cannot load /etc/httpd/modules/mod_file_cache.so into server: /etc/httpd/modules/mod_file_cache.so: cannot open shared obje........
Iwill start by saying I think I know what caused this boot-time error on Linux Mint but should also apply to Debian and Ubuntu.
I changed my BIOS time to several hours in the past to match the current time, but this caused Linux to think there were incorrect filesystem times.
The problem is that it seems when you hit this I am not sure what is happening, it doesn't seem to be doing fsck and hangs without prompting the user.
What I have found is that........
Add the following to fstab where 192.168.1.125/Media is the samba share and where /home/homeuser/Downloads is where you want to mount.
Change user and pass to what is needed (if no pass is required it still works fine with the below).
//192.168.1.125/Media /home/homeuser/Downloads cifs user=guest,pass=bla 0 0
mount: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on //192.168.1.125/Media,
&nbs........
grub> root (hd0,0)
root (hd0,0)
Filesystem type is ext2fs, partition type 0xfd
grub> setup (hd0)
setup (hd0)
But if you do:
root (hd1,0)
setup (hd1)
it does work, I think hd0/sda had a GPT partition that was not removed properly (what I did was just dd bs=512 count=1 the partition table from another drive since the partition table should be identical).
Checking if "/boot/grub/........
Say you have a bunch of files like this:
file-01.jpg
file-02.jpg
...............
What if you want to mass rename them?
the rename tool can work just like sed
For Debian based distros:
Note "file" is what we search for and "newname" is what we replace it with, so substitute according to your requirements.
rename s/file/newname/ name-file-*.jpg
For R........
How to Increase The Disk and Partition Size in Windows 2022,2019,11,10,8,7 etc.. Server
1, Enter the command prompt
Start -> cmd
2. Start diskpart
diskpart
3. Find the drive that has the wrong size
list volume
4. Select the volume (in this example we use volume 2)
select volume 2
5. Extend the volume........
This is useful in the case you are not properly logged in via an OpenVZ session or even a normal SSH session that you fear may go down(if the connection is broken the history is not saved).
Save your bash_history like this:
history -w ~/.bash_history
You can always change the above to another file eg /tm........
Here is the scenario you or a client have a remote machine that was installed as a standard/default minimal Centos 6.x machine on a single disk with LVM for whatever reason. Often many people do not know how to install it to a RAID array so it is common to have this problem and why reinstall if you don't need to? In some cases on a remote system you can't easily reinstall without physical or KVM access.
So in this case you add a second physical or disk or already ha........
In my case I could login with the initial install but I rsync'd everything over while preserving ownership and permissions to another RAID partition and booted from that.was fine before. The problem is that you are kicked out the second you login and the problem was SELINUX for some reason (perhaps it noticed something strange when it was moved to the new partition)
login: pam_unix(login:session): session opened for user root by LOGIN(uid=0)
login: ROOT LOG........
#solution
Edit /etc/yum.repos.d/openvz.repo
For the first two entries comment out #mirrorlist and uncomment #baseurl and then it worked
openvz yum problem Centos 6.5 cannot find file on mirror:
yum update
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Determining fastest mirrors
* openvz-kernel-rhel6: mirrors.ustc.edu.cn
* openvz-utils: mirrors.ustc.edu.cn
base ........
freshclam
ERROR: Can't open /var/log/clamav/freshclam.log in append mode (check permissions!).
ERROR: Problem with internal logger (UpdateLogFile = /var/log/clamav/freshclam.log).
Tue Oct 13 13:49:35 2015 -> WARNING: Incremental update failed, trying to download daily.cvd
Tue Oct 13 13:49:35 2015 -> WARNING: Can't download daily.cvd from db.local.clamav.net
Tue Oct 13 13:49:35 2015 -> Trying again in 5 secs...........
sudo apt-get install zoneminder
[sudo] password for one:
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required:
libuser-perl python-evince kdebase-apps kwrite unixodbc
libgnomeprint2.2-data python-soappy vgabios python-metacity hddtemp
python-mediaprof........
I never did get it working, it is too bad as obfsproxy should really be an option and integrated into the OpenVPN client and server or something similar:
yum -y install python-pip python-devel
No package python-pip available.
#install the EPEL repo
python-pip install obfsproxy
python-pip install obfsproxy
-bash: python-pip: command not found
pip install obfsproxy
&........
root (hd2,1)
Filesystem type unknown, partition type 0x83
grub> root (hd2,2)
root (hd2,2)
Filesystem type is ext2fs, partition type 0x83
grub> setup (hd2)
setup (hd2)
Checking if "/boot/grub/stage1" exists... no
Checking if "/grub/stage1" exists... no
#weird thing about grub is that the drive you enter is considered hd0
For example when booted fu........
rm -- --filename
Ironically if the solution is two leading dashes as shown above but this applies for other stubborn file names.........
tar -ztvf flashrom.tar.gz
the "z"is for gzip, if it is not gzip remove the z. If it is bzip then use "j" instead of "z" etc..........
It is as simple as using the "-k" option for:
-k, --keep-old-files don't replace existing files when extracting
--keep-newer-files don't replace existing files that are newer than
thei........
stat -c %s testfile.zip
10000000
The output is shown above in bytes.
........
yum -y install dvdauthor ffmpeg mjpegtools sox bc
rpm -ivh dvd-slideshow-0.8.4-2.noarch.rpm
Preparing... ########################################### [100%]
1:dvd-slideshow ########################################### [100%]
/usr/bin/dir2slideshow: line 553: bc: command not f........
It is very simple and like this to test for the existence of file using bash scripting:
if [ -f /etc/somefile ]; then
echo "yes it exists"
fi........
libguestfs tools howto guide for managing virtual machine images.
libguestfs-tools aka guestfs tools has a lot of tools that make this very easy for you. You can easily mount partitons from an image with some of the commands below.
To mount a partition
#mount the kvmuser102821.img image and the /dev/sda1 partition from it to the local directory "mount"
guestmount -a kvmuser102821.img -m /dev/sda1 mount
........
cc: Internal error: Killed (program cc1)
Please submit a full bug report.
See for instructions.
make: *** [ext/fileinfo/libmagic/apprentice.lo] Error 1
make: *** Waiting for unfinished jobs....
Stopping crond: ........
This can be very tricky, say you are doing development on a file that is symlinked. Doing a "cp dev.file dev.file-bk" won't do what you expect, it just links back to the same file so you haven't copied or backed anything up.
You need the "-H" switch to copy the actual file that is referenced by the symlink:
cp -Hdev.file dev.file-bk........
Usually just modify the .spec file to resolve this:
vi specfile.spec
Change "Copyright: GPL" to "License: GPL" and try again.........
This is what fixed it:
[root@box13 ~]# dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/md160 bs=512 count=500
Basically you need to wipe out more than just the 512 byte partition table so 512 bytes * 500 is more than enough to make DRBD happy and think the partition is now empty.
The reason this happens is because it gets confused when there is a previous partition with data on the device you are using.
root@box13 ~]# d........
#count=10000 makes an image of 10000MB make sure your image is at least the same as your existing
dd if=/dev/zero of=yourimage.img bs=1M count=10000
# losetup -fv newimage.raw
# fdisk -cu /dev/loop0
# kpartx -a /dev/loop0
# dd if= of=/dev/mapper/loop0p1
# e2fsck -f /dev/mapper/loop0p1
# resize2fs /dev/mapper/loop0p1
# a lot of guides tell you to edit /etc/fst........
yum -y install mathtools
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: centos.mirror.rafal.ca
* epel: mirror.steadfast.net
* extras: mirror.agmn.ca
* rpmforge: repoforge.mirror.constant.com
* updates: centosb5.centos.org
extras ........
lvextend -L +10G /dev/kvmvm/w2k8r2evalstandard
Extending logical volume w2k8r2evalstandard to 20.00 GiB
Logical volume w2k8r2evalstandard successfully resized
The above adds 10GB to the logical volume. Of course you must resize the filesystem using other tools to take advantage of the space.........
./configure
./configure: line 91: cd: /lib/modules/2.6.32-042stab084.25/build: No such file or directory
Error: kernel version not found.
Please make sure your kernel is configured.
dr-xr-xr-x. 4 root root 4096 Feb 21 06:13 ..
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 45 Feb 21 06:13 build -> ../../../usr/src/kernels/2.6.32-042stab084.25
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Feb 12 20........
This can happen when you install RPMForge or other repos with the wrong architecture and here's how you fix it (simply uninstalling won't usually fix it):
solution
yum clean all
yum -y install openvpn
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, presto
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirror.its.sfu.ca
* extras: centos.mirror.nexicom.net
* rpmforge: mirror.cpsc.ucalgary.ca
* up........
Error: Package: php-Monolog-dynamo-1.7.0-1.el6.noarch (epel)
Requires: php-aws-sdk
Error: php-pecl-zendopcache conflicts with 1:php-eaccelerator-0.9.6.1-1.el6.x86_64
Error: php-xcache conflicts with php-pecl-apc-3.1.9-2.el6.x86_64
Error: php-pecl-zendopcache conflicts with php-pecl-apc-3.1.9-2.el6.x86_64
Error: Package: php-horde-Horde-Vfs-2.1.2-2.el6.noarch (epel)
&n........
I never found a solution to do it live (nothing worked that I found) so it looks like a relogin is required.
Check your maximum file limit
cat /proc/sys/fs/file-max
824460
This is different than your actual's user limit which you'll see below
ulimit -n
1024
Try and set it higher but it won't work
ulimit -n 65000........
It's not as simple as "yum install" as you can see below and it doesn't stop there.
yum install php53
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* rpmforge: mirror.us.leaseweb.net
* extras: centos.mirror.rafal.ca
* updates: centos.mirror.nexicom.net
* base: centos.mirror.nexicom.net
* addons: centos.mirror.nexicom.net
Setting up Install Process........
I was having an issue with only certain random/jpeg files with the functions imagecreatefromjpeg imagecreatetruecolor and other related ones.
This issue was annoying basically it seems like a libgd issue/bug with newer versions of PHP and it was difficult to trace-out. One very useful thing that helped me was using "php-cgi" and passing the query string as an argument eg:
php-cgi images.php source=IMG.jpg (that way you get all the error messages wh........
yum -y install fail2ban
vi /etc/fail2ban/jail.conf
[asterisk-tcp]
enabled = true
filter = asterisk
action = iptables-multiport[name=asterisk-tcp, port="5060,5061", protocol=tcp]
sendmail-whois[name=Asterisk, dest=you@example.com, sender=fail2ban@example.com]
logpath = /var/log/asterisk/messages
maxret........
Example:
basename /var/log/messages
messages
As shown above the "basename" utility gives you the end filename separately.
dirname /var/log/messages
/var/log
As shown above the "dirname" utlity gives you just the utility even if you pass it a specific file.
The above two utilities are very helpful in Bash scripting when working with files and directories co........
./configure
./configure: cannot locate gcc 3.x. please install it or specify with --qemu-cc
yum -y install gcc make
./configure
./configure: cannot locate gcc 3.x. please install it or specify with --qemu-cc
yum -y install compat-gcc-*
./configure
Error: Could not find alsa
Make sure to have the alsa libs and headers installed.
yum -y install alsa-lib-devel
./configure........
Linux box13. 2.6.32-042stab076.5 #1 SMP Mon Mar 18 20:41:34 MSK 2013 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
even setting privvmpages to a specific setting DOES not affect "free -m" in containers.
This is probably a kernel issue
23:36:29 up 159 days, 7:12, 4 users, load average: 0.42, 0.44, 0.33
[root@box13 ~]# free -m
total&n........
tar -czf yourfile.tar.gz .
The . dot is the crucial part, normally many will use * and that will exclude hidden files by default which is very undesirable as many hidden files are important such as .htaccess and conf files in your home directory etc.. It seems the default behavior of tar should be the opposite but these are all very old tools.........
Starting container...
vzquota : (error) Quota on syscall for id 42131: No such file or directory
vzquota on failed [3]
Solution
cd /var/vzquota
mv quota.42131 quota.42131-disable
vzctl start 42131
Starting container...
Initializing quota ...
Container is mounted
Adding IP address(es):
Setting CPU units: 1000
Container start in progress...
........
The first is a dual CPU AMD Opteron 2373EE (4 cores x 2) and I think it did bad because it has some old 250GB SATAs which can only do about 65MB/s max sequential reads. I think it should have blown away the second (AMD X4 640 Quad Core).
[root@fs12home unixbench-4.1.0-wht-2]# ./Run
make all
make[1]: Entering directory `/root/unixbench-4.1.0-wht-2'
Checking distribution of files
./pgms exists
./src exists........
htpasswd -b -c filename username "password"
-b = take the password that we specify in the command (don't prompt for it)
-c = create the filename
username=username
password=password (I use quotes because it breaks if you use special characters)........
One thing to remember is that you need MegaCli to do the flashing.
You also need the correct file,I tried at least 2 different Perc 6 firmwares from Dell that kept getting rejected as corrupt by MegaCli(they were really the wrong version). I have an external PCI-E Dell 6 Perc/I butI chose images from the 'Integrated" on motherboard version as it was allI could find. They are different, and below is my first time finding success.........
I flashed an LSI Logic firmware to it and it broke the BIOS (cannot do Ctrl+R) for booting purposes but allows other functionality to work normally.
I tried downgrading to a Dell firmware for Perc 6i but it won't work, not even with MegaCli
wget http://downloads.dell.com/FOLDER00416606M/1/SAS-RAID_Firmware_W83M2_LN32_6.3.1-0003_A14.BIN
--2013-08-26 12:53:39-- http://downloads.dell.com/FOLDER00416606M/1/SAS-RAID_Firmware_W83M2_LN32_6.3.1-0003_A14.BIN
Resolvi........
rkhunter --update
Running updater...
Mirrorfile /var/rkhunter/db/mirrors.dat rotated
Using mirror http://rkhunter.sourceforge.net
[DB] Mirror file : ERROR
Fatal error: Problem while fetching file
........
yum update error
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/usr/bin/yum", line 29, in ?
yummain.user_main(sys.argv[1:], exit_code=True)
File "/usr/share/yum-cli/yummain.py", line 229, in user_main
errcode = main(args)
File "/usr/share/yum-cli/yummain.py", line 145, in main
(result, resultmsgs) = base.buildTransaction()
&nbs........
This happens all the time, you are reading from a textfile which has spaces eg:
datainfo 00
datainfo 11
If you do loop on it like this:
for info in `cat $file`; do
echo "info=$info"
done
It will treat datainfo and 00 as two separate lines:
info=datainfo
info=00
Obviously that's not what we want and there are many weird solutions in bash bu........
The key here is to use the "uuencode" command but note that we specify the file name twice (this must be done at least on Centos or it won\'t work).
The first file.zip is the actual file we want to send.
The second file.zip i........
mkdir: cannot create directory 'test': Disk quota exceeded
You are out of inodes usually:
df -i
Filesystem Inodes IUsed IFree IUse% Mounted on
/dev/simfs 200000 200000 0 100% /
none ........
The error itself "mkdir(): Too Many Links" is not very useful, but I'll translate it into plain English.
It means you've reached the filesystem's limit of how many directories can be created in a single directory.
In this case for ext3 the limit is 32000 and it was exceeded.
What's the solution?
The simple solution is to move those directories into more subdirectories possibly sorting them by date, alphabet or numerically.........
Jun 12 10:30:53 kernel: [724514.291670] EXT4-fs error (device md20): ext4_add_entry: bad entry in directory #2552670: rec_len % 4 != 0 - offset=216, inode=2553603, rec_len=94, name_len=84
Jun 12 10:30:53 kernel: [724514.292400] EXT4-fs error (device md20): ext4_add_entry: bad entry in directory #2552670: rec_len % 4 != 0 - offset=216, inode=2553603, rec_len=94, name_len=84
This happened when an unprivileged user was backing up a Windows filesystem, once they ha........
mysqldump: Couldn't execute 'show create table `general_log`': SHOW command denied to user 'user'@'localhost' for table 'general_log' (1142)
One of my clients almost found out the hard way, here is an unlikely situation that happened.
1.) Years ago the client had another VPS to which they backed up a BLOG nightly to an .sql file, what they forgot is that the file also contained all databases (they used the --all-databases option but forgot). So imagi........
This is a handy link and list of all the relevant Directadmin log files and related servers.
http://help.directadmin.com/item.php?id=11
DirectAdmin:
/var/log/directadmin/error.log
/var/log/directadmin/errortaskq.log
/var/log/directadmin/system.log
/var/log/directadmin/security.log
Apache:........
start=1
increment=5
lines=`cat linesfile.txt|sed -n "$start","$increment"p`
The secret here is the power of sed.
Basically the example above would take the first 5 lines from the file. You could change it though to say take 20 lines starting from the 5th line by adjusting the start and increment values.........
Solution To The Following:
yum -y install zlib-devel
yum -y install e2fsprogs*
*** Cannot find /usr/include/et/com_err.h. (yum install libcom_err-devel) ***
Installation didn't pass, halting install.
Once requirements are met, run the following to continue the install:
cd /usr/local/directadmin/scripts
./install.sh
Common pre-install commands:
http://help.directadmin.com/it........
Step #1 - Create Wrapper Script
vi /usr/local/bin/phpsendmail
#!/usr/bin/php
........
thunderbird -ProfileManager
Type that from the command prompt and you can choose, that's the only way you can do it whichI find a bit silly.........
cat | grub --device-map=/dev/null
Now pay close to the attention of the beginning.
Type: "device (hd0) VPS.img" this is telling what hd0 will be to GRUB and we're telling it the disk image file "VPS.img" in the current directory is hd0, you can specify alternate paths and image names of course.
GNU GRUB version 0.97 (640K lower / 3072K upper memory)
[ Minimal BASH-li........
This booting error is because the Xen PV guest image uses the Xen kernel, this is not compatible with anything but a host running a Xen kernel.
I did a kpartx -av virtual.img and then it created some partitions that showed up in fdisk.
I mounted it and did a chroot into it and removed the xen kernel and installed a normal kernel but Xen still shows the same kernel in Grub (only the Xen one).
This is strange but it seems like this Xen PV guest has some sort of hidden or........
df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/vg_12-lv_root
50G 1.2G 46G 3% /
tmpfs 7.8G 0&nb........
This is something I often setup for clients because it's very helpful for people in datacenters, this allows custom OS installs on demand, you can customize it more by using kickstart etc.. but here's a base I use before customizing more:
This little script below will install everything you need to get booting by PXE Linux.
It also assumes you set a local IP (be sure not to overwrite your existing IP) on eth0:0 (note the :0) as 192.168.1.10 and it........
The best way is to use rsync, I've set it up so it doesn't copy unnecessary files, or at least ones I'm sure aren't needed.
Here is the rsync command Iused (adapt to your specific Thunderbird profile location):
rsync -hazv user@remotehost.com:/home/user/.thunderbird/sbrer.default/* /home/user/.thunderbird/4nyb0.default/ --exclude=global* --exclude=Cache --exclude=ImapMail --exclude=Mail
This is a great way to get your e-mail accounts going on a new c........
qemu-img create -b centos.5-8.x86.20120308.qcow2 -f qcow2 ../kvmguests/25000-centos5.8x86.qcow2
Formatting '../kvmguests/25000-centos5.8x86.qcow2', fmt=qcow2, backing_file=centos.5-8.x86.20120308.qcow2, size=10485760 kB
-b the source/base image
-f format is qcow2 and the location of the destination image
What is so special about this? It's even quicker than creating a template with OpenVZ but this is an actual OS.
It saves time a........
I backed up everything in the /mnt/sd_card directory thinking that some dataloss could occur for some reason but purposely left my microSDHC unbacked up thinking that "it won't touch that since it's external" and Samsung's and other manufacturers website even say this (that it won't be affected and not to worry etc).
Apparently I was wrong, my microSD was "undetected" and asked to be formatted after the upgrade (there goes 3-months worth of family photos). No........
This may sound silly but there will be conflicts/issues with the default Centos repository so you have to use a third party like remi (I prefer not to do this but it's the only option unless you migrate your sites/data to another server or can stand some downtime-not an option IMHOon a production server).
You may need to upgrade to PHP5.3 to run Joomla or many other reasons.
Your host needs to use PHP 5.2.4 or higher to run this version of Jo........
The best way I could figure out is to use another guest of some sort to do this, while assigning the disk that needs to be resized to the same guest.
So say we have /dev/xvda as the guests drive and we've booted it up.
We also have /dev/xvdb (this is going to be the image/disk to be resized).
In this case it's based on an ext3/4 image.
Run e2fsck on it to ensure there are no filesystem errors.
e2fsck /dev/xvdb........
So you've just purchased your SSL cert, renewed it and installed it or maybe you've had it installed and working fine all the time with all other browsers but you've upgraded to a recent version of Firefox and suddenly get the warning "Error code: sec_error_unknown_issuer" error.
This is terrible since if you bought an SSL cert, you are most likely using it for trust purposes for your business and obviously that message will scare away most potential customers.........
I searched for days after getting my Galaxy Note and couldn't find a way to do this (at least not without buying programs for either Android/Windows). All I read was ways to sync and import the contacts to GMail but I don't want to use GMail for privacy reasons. GMail/Google steal all of your personal information and use it for whatever purposes they want to and may sell or release it to who knows where (I don't care what their policy says but this stuff happens), just like the default........
It's really silly how DA doesn't enable SSL by default but is otherwise a stable, fast and secure control panel.
Here's a copy and paste way of enabling SSL for Directadmin in just a few seconds:
*setup SSL
openssl req -x509 -newkey rsa:1024 -keyout /usr/local/directadmin/conf/cakey.pem -out /usr/local/directadmin/conf/cacert.pem -days 9999 -nodes
That creates the public certificate and private key pair in the location Directadmin expects to fi........
Stuff like this always happens/breaks after a vzctl update, whether it's new parameters being added or required etc..
File /etc/vz/conf/ve-vps.basic.conf-sample not found: No such file or directory
Fix the value of CONFIGFILE in /etc/vz/vz.conf
Creation of container private area failed
Warning: distribution not specified in CT config, using defaults from /etc/vz/dists/default
WARNING: /etc/vz/conf/4400.conf not found: No such file or directory........
This is one in a series of weird things whichIthought was motherboard related (I RMA'd the motherboard), the RAM tests fine with memtest86 and I used badblocks on both RAID 1 members with no errors and smartctl is happy with them.
Basically the array crashes the kernel a lot and has issues when writing.
[112322.723465] md0: rw=0, want=14958668696, limit=1887460480
[112322.731077] attempt to access beyond end of device
[112322.731087] md........
gocr works great and it's simple, just invoke it like so:
gocr filename.png
The output will be printed to the screen.
My only complaint/concern is that even with standard terminal output (not scanned) from a printscreen, gocr does make mistakes by inserting extra spaces where they don't belong, mistaking letters for numbers etc.. but it's definitely enough to be readable and figure out what you're looking at.
I haven't tested yet with scanned input........
It's actually fairly straight forward:
load data local infile 'billpayments-payments.csv' into table payments
fields terminated by ','
enclosed by '"'
lines terminated by 'n'
The above assumes that your fields are terminated by a comma (some programs like OpenOffice change this to a semi-colon ;) and that they are enclosed with "
The above will insert the data from billpayments-payments.csv into the table payments.........
It may be hard to find by Googling by it's really quite simple and quicker than reading dozens of man page entries.
sed -n 5p somefile.txt
Just replace the 5 with whatever line you want to be printed.........
I'll start by showing some problems in the logs:
[2011/08/07 16:22:06, 0] param/loadparm.c:8569(process_usershare_file)
process_usershare_file: stat of /var/lib/samba/usershares/movie failed. Permission denied
[2011/08/07 16:22:06, 1] smbd/service.c:676(make_connection_snum)
create_connection_server_info failed: NT_STATUS_ACCESS_DENIED
That means you don't have permission to access the fi........
I had a system running a 128MB live CD image with 2.8 gigs of available RAM and the OOM kernel killer went crazy when using dd for more than 8 minutes and kept killing everything. I've read that this is due to a low-memory issue and paging in the kernel and 32-bit systems with lots of RAM.
I even enabled swapspace on my LiveCD and the issue happened 25 minutes into dd rather than 8 minutes, so what gives?
Also no swap space was ever used!
cat /proc/s........
It's weird because I have a nearly identical box and setup and I can update the ovzkernel-PAE* just fine but on this box it doesn't work.
I only get this error with the openvz.repo and not others such as Centos-Base.repo
With my other server it works normally:
================
Setting up Update Process
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package ovzkernel-PAE.i686 0:2.6.18-238.12.1.el5.0........
GNU GRUB version 0.97 (640K lower / 3072K upper memory)
[ Minimal BASH-like line editing is supported. For the first word, TAB
lists possible command completions. Anywhere else TAB lists the possible
completions of a device/filename.]
grub> root (hd1,0)
Filesystem type is ext2fs, partition type 0xfd
grub> setup........
I thought only a faster CPUand SSDwould help but I already have a Quad-Core CPU and it wasn't being maxed out. The actual tests were performed on an AMD-V enabled 128MB dual core VMWare container though.
There is a flag that can be passed to make in order to start multiple threads, by specifying 4 threads I was able to reduce the whole kernel compilation time from scratch by about 50%! (65minutes vs 31minutes!). *Yes I did do a make clean before each co........
You can't just do a straight copy of the VDI image of your virtual machine because there is a unique UUID, wellI believe you can and then you can create a new UUID manually (at least you could with VMWARE) but to keep it clean just use this method:
VBoxManage clonevdi /path/to/your.vdi outputname.vdi
0%...10%...20%...30%...40%...50%...60%...70%...80%...90%...100%
That's all there is to it, just wait for it copy and you can th........
yum -y install vnstat
chown nobody.nobody -R /var/lib/vnstat/
#replace venet0 below with your desired interface
sudo -u nobody vnstat -u -i venet0
#edit: vi /etc/sysconfig/vnstat
#VNSTAT_OPTIONS="-i venet0"
# only use the sed below if you are using venet0 instead of eth0 or replace accordingly
sed -i 's/eth0/venet0/g' /etc/sysconfig/vnstat
[root@monitor]# yum install vn........
You need to enable the httpd daemon with monit to actually view the status and control, it's not only for the web interface since the httpd is theONLY way of controlling monit and viewing the status.
monit monitor all will also reinstate disabled services if they've timed out too much. Just restarting the service will do nothing to re-monitor a service that monit has stopped monitoring due to too many failures.
*Also note that /etc/monit.conf i........
drup 6.2 install
$cd drupgoodinst3883/
[ drupgoodinst3883]$ ls
CHANGELOG.txt cron.php index.php INSTALL.pgsql.txt INSTALL.txt MAINTAINERS.txt modules robots.txt sites update.php xmlrpc.php
COPYRIGHT.txt includes INSTALL.mysql.txt install.php LICENSE.txt misc&........
high IO wait
424 root 39 19 1900 848 552 D 0.0 0.0 0:00.91 updatedb
root 424 0.0 0.0 1900 848 ? DN Mar11 0:00 /usr/bin/updatedb -f sysfs?rootfs?bdev?proc?cpuset?binfmt_misc?debugfs?sockfs?usbfs?pipefs?anon_inodefs?futexfs?tmpfs?inotifyfs?eventp........
Centos 5 Postfix and SPAMASSASSIN Tutorial
yum install spamassassin
chkconfig spamassassin on
vi /etc/mail/spamassassin/local.cf
##############
#required_hits 5
#report_safe 0
#rewrite_header Subject [SPAM]
#5 is the least restrictive (means only the most obvious SPAM is caught. 0 is obviously the most restrictive/sensitive and would have lots of false positives
require........
ls
ls: error while loading shared libraries: libtermcap.so.2: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
This is not an ldd problem or case of anything missing, this only happened after I upradedUbuntu.
declare -x PATH="/home/user/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/games"
"/home/user/bin" is the problem! It's weird because I have no idea how it happened.........
don't delete /var/lib/mysql/ib_logfile0 or ibdata1 or mysql won't restart
I didn't realize they were internal and not part of replication like the relay files!
/usr/libexec/mysqld: ready for connections.
Version: '4.1.22-log' socket: '/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock' port: 3306 Source distribution
110127 16:31:00 [Note] /usr/libexec/mysqld: Normal shutdown
110127 16:31:00 InnoDB: Starting shutdown...........
Dovecot enable SSL (by default it uses an old expired cert if you choose pop3s and imaps as protocols)
===================
Create Cert & Key:
openssl req -new -x509 -nodes -days 1530 -out server.crt -keyout server.key
mkdir /etc/mailssl
chmod 700 /etc/mailssl
cp server.* /etc/mailssl
Edit /etc/dovecot.conf
ssl_cert_file = /etc/mailssl/server.crt
s........
Create Cert & Key:
openssl req -new -x509 -nodes -days 1530 -out server.crt -keyout server.key
mkdir /etc/mailssl
chmod 700 /etc/mailssl
cp server.* /etc/mailssl
Postfix SSL config
Edit /etc/postfix/main.cf:
#SSL stuff
smtpd_tls_cert_file = /etc/mailssl/server.crt
smtpd_tls_key_file = /etc/mailssl/server.key
To make smtps w........
I was shocked that options like preserve and archive made no difference! This is a big deal and will catch people off guard.
Rsync include hidden files Solution:
You need to use something like: rsync -Pha /source/dir/. /dest/dir
*Notice the "." at the end of the source directory.
cp -a still ignores them too, the solution is the same:
cp -a /source/directory/. /destination........
Forbidden
You don't have permission to access / on this server.
[Sun Jan 23 15:28:12 2011] [crit] [client 96.44.31.12] (13)Permission denied: /www/vhosts/domain.com/httpdocs/.htaccess pcfg_openfile: unable to check htaccess file, ensure it is readable
Solution
I've done a chmod 755 .htaccess and index.php and restarted Apache
That wasn't the only issue, the issue was the httpdocs direc........
genuine.com/IN: loading master file genuine.com.zone: file not found
_default/genuine.com/IN: file not found
I always found it silly that no one really talks about this and apparently many like me and even control panels like Plesk were still using hard paths. I always thought "why can't I just specify the name of the zone file and have bind find it". Surely the default search path must be /var/named or somewhere else but there is no such thing.........
tar include hidden files such as .htaccess
just add . to the path eg.
tar -czvf tarfile.tar.gz /home/directory/.........
CPU/Kernel/MB/RAID problem?
Jan 5 12:45:05 testbox kernel: [653298.890004] BUG: soft lockup - CPU#0 stuck for 61s! [hal-acl-tool:4168]
Jan 5 12:45:05 testbox kernel: [653298.890005] Modules linked in: vmnet vmci vmmon binfmt_misc drbd video output input_polldev ocfs2_stackglue ocfs2_dlmfs ocfs2_dlm ocfs2_nodemanager configfs k8temp hwmon_vid lp snd_hda_intel snd_pcm_oss snd_mixer_oss snd_pcm snd_seq_dummy snd_seq_oss snd_seq_midi snd_rawmidi........
Webmin Setup Centos 5:
wget http://downloads.sourceforge.net/project/webadmin/webmin/1.530/webmin-1.530-1.noarch.rpm?r=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.webmin.com%2Fstandard.html&ts=1294339690&use_mirror=surfnet
[1] 24229
[2] 24230
[root@host ~]# --2011-01-06 21:48:20-- http://downloads.sourceforge.net/project/webadmin/webmin/1.530/webmin-1.530-1.noarch.rpm?r=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.webmin.com%2Fstandard.html
Resolving downloads.sourceforge.net... 216.34.181.........
Virtualmin Postfix Error:
The status of your system is being checked to ensure that all enabled features are available, that the mail server is properly configured, and that quotas are active ..
A problem was found with your Postfix virtual maps : No map sources were found in the Postfix configuration
.. your system is not ready for use by Virtualmin.
........
Install the "Editors" and "Net" groups that will give you rsync, ssh, ssh-keygen and cron.
The trickiest thing that I keep forgetting about each time is you have to run "cron-config" which adds the cron service to Windows, and without doing that obviously no cron jobs will be run thus making automatic backups impossible.
Warning about rsync/cygwin and using the -a archive switch.
It's a good thing I caught this because it doesn't work ri........
One of the purposes of rsync is to backup whole filesystems and archive them but how can you do that properly and restore things to normal if all permissions and ownerships are not preserved from your root filesystem?
It's not desirable to have everything running as root, especially not just for an rsync.
The Easy rsync preserve permission solution for non-root users
sudo is the answer and all you have to do is edit /etc/sudoers
At the end o........
I've only used it on Centos, soI thought I'd make a quick Debian guide:
Install the DRBD Package
apt-get install drbd8-utils
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required:
libswfdec-0.8-0
Use 'apt-get autoremove' to remove them.
The following........
For many reasons you may be dealing with a standard text file and you want to know if there are any duplicate lines:
Here's how you do it:
cat filename|uniq -c
The "uniq -c" program counts how many time each line occurs.........
yum exits in the middle
The problem is this VPS seems to be an OpenVZ template from HyperVM. The only way to make it work was to disable i386 packages since this was an x64 kernel. That shouldn't be necessary but it was the only way to make yum stop quitting after the first package or two. I couldn't find any issue by checking the logs either.
echo y|yum install vim-minimal telnet expect jwhois net-tools slocate iptables elinks gawk
L........
I separated the 2 drives in the RAID 1 array.
1 is the old one /dev/sda and is out of date, while the separated other one /dev/sdc was in another drive and mounted and used with more data (updated).
I wonder how mdadm will handle this:
usb-storage: device scan complete
md: md127 stopped.
md: bind
md: md127: raid array is not clean -- starting background reconstruction
raid1: raid set md127 active with 1 out of 2 m........
Nov 29 20:17:58 ubuntu kernel: [ 1157.180789] md: md1 stopped.
Nov 29 20:17:58 ubuntu kernel: [ 1157.180829] md0: unknown partition table
filesystem not responding/reading properly with du or rsync (this needed an fsck).
[ 2571.489217] EXT3-fs error (device md2): ext3_lookup: deleted inode referenced: 35923106
[ 2571.942299] EXT3-fs error (device md2): ext3_lookup: deleted inode referenced: 35923110
[ 2571.9568........
I couldn't figure out why this wouldn't work, a test script in the root of my htdocs folder worked fine.
Within some subdirectories the same code would produce different base64 results but I didn't know hwy.
Archive: /tmp/archive.zip
Zip file size: 6888 bytes, number of entries: 92
error [/tmp/archive.zip]: missing 242827681 bytes in zipfile
(attempting to process anyway)
error [/tmp/archive.zip]: attempt........
nautilus-gksu - privilege granting extension for nautilus using gksu
nautilus-sendto - integrates Evolution and Pidgin into the Nautilus file manager
nautilus-share - Nautilus extension to share folder using Samba
nautilus-actions - nautilus extension to configure programs to launch
nautilus-bzr - Bazaar (bzr) integration for nautilus
nautilus-cd-burner - CD Burning front-end for Nautilus
nautilus-clamscan - Antivirus scanning for Nautilus
n........
I spent so much time debugging this, most sites don't tell you a very important option to use with CURL and you will only find out this is the problem by running the PHP script from the command line you get the following output that shows the issue (I don't see any way to get this output from Apache itself).
* About to connect() to ip.ip.ip.ip port 25000
* Trying ip.ip.ip.ip... * connected
* Connected to ip.ip.ip.ip (ip.ip.ip.ip) port 25000
* succes........
This really gives me a bad impression of SolusVM.
I tried the "Central Backup" option and it does not warn that your server gets shutdown instantly in order to do the backup!
Further, there is no way to pause or cancel the backup. Thankfully this is a test/small disk usage VPS but what if someone was running something production with a large filesize?
Ihaven't used QuickBackup but hope that isn't the same thing.
Everyone should be vary car........
I am a huge fan of Linux and the idea of OpenSource but I've said it many times, there are still hurdles in today in 2010 for Linux as a Desktop. Linux is still intended for servers at its very core. This can be changed succesfully though, as Apple has shown us with Mac OS X based on FreeBSD.
Half of the issue is lack of driver support and the other half is the Linux Kernel and Window Manages, KDE and GNome still both don't cut it (but they're getting closer).
I'll........
For a standalone system the solution is simple, just use the same version of Windows a copy a good version of:
C:windowsSecurityDatabasesecedit.sdb from another computer.
Then you should be able to login again without getting the nasty message "Local policy does not permit you to log on interactively."
Of course you will probably need a way of accessing the filesystem off-line in order to get to it such as a Linux boot disc.
Some........
Mencoder is great, you can throw anything at it, including video files from your camera and have it encode into xvid or almost any other format.
In my case I took 640x480 video from my Canon and reduced the size by 1/3 with the options below (there are many other options that you can read about in the manual but I like to keep it simple).
Mencoder Encode
mencoder -ovc xvid -oac mp3lame -xvidencopts fixed_quant=4 -o ........
This is obviously a bug in the r8169 kernel module and it seems to affect a lot of people. I upgraded to the latest kernel and hope this won't happen anymore, as it is a very serious error. This is especially serious for those who are running servers with this chipset, who can afford for the NIC to randomly go off-line for no apparent reason?
[655548.189113] type=1505 audit(1277067560.902:5): operation="profile_load" name="/usr/bin/freshclam&q........
This is a great way to use your ftp server space, for example on your web hosting account (althoughI believe many hosts don't allow storage like this), but if you have a VPS/Dedicated Server etc.., this would be perfect. Imagine how easy it is to work with an ftp account that you can just mount as a normal partition or directory in Linux, it would be great for backups etc..
Name
curlftpfs - mount a ftp host as a local directory
Synopsis........
*Note OS X is strange to install, I thought my HDD was not being detected by you just have to go to Diskutil and create a partition for the root filesystem and then close/move the Window and proceed with the install.
After install Mac OS X 10.4.6 Tiger I get a black screen that says:
b0 error
Most people say the partition has to be marked as "active", actually that just means marked as "bootable". Instead of t........
This is based on Debian Linux but should apply equally to any *nix distro.
Install LUKS/crypt-setup
apt-get install cryptsetup
Setup your LUKS Partition
Of course change /dev/md2 with whatever partition you intend to use LUKS on.
cryptsetup --verbose --verify-passphrase luksFormat /dev/md2
You'll be asked to verify your decryption password twice
*DO NOT FORGET THIS PASSWORD AS IT IS NOT RECOVERABLE!........
skipping non-regular file "mnt/lib/udev/devices/console"
skipping non-regular file "mnt/lib/udev/devices/kmem"
skipping non-regular file "mnt/lib/udev/devices/loop0"
skipping non-regular file "mnt/lib/udev/devices/null"
skipping non-regular file "mnt/lib/udev/devices/ppp"
skipping non-regular file "mnt/lib/udev/devices/net/tu
Solution for skipping non-regular file
You need the -D........
I installed 5.5 with a 300GB RAID 1 partition (boot is also on this partition). It booted up fine the first few times until after I used a Live CD and accessed the array, and it became named /dev/md127 for some reason.
Now whenI boot into CentOS I get a kernel panic and different errors, once I got "invalid superblock", even though the array is fine (it didn't happen again, probably because I was sure to dismount and stop the mdadm array properly).
Here's what........
This was unbelievable how much the Xen kernel slows things down, keep in mind both tests were done on the hostnode, one was with the Openvz-Xen hybrid kernel and the other was just OpenVZ. You can see the performance difference is nearly 300% better when not using the Xen kernel.
OpenVZ-Xen Kernel Test Results (I was wondering what was wrong/so slow with my Core i5!)
# # # # # #&n........
It's very common to have multiple GCC versions for different reasons, as annoying as it is. Some newer/older programs only compile properly or at all on specific versions.
You can export the following variable CC:
export CC=gcc-4.1
Replace gcc-4.1 with the filename of the gcc you want eg. gcc-99........
Out of memory: kill process 7559 (rsync) score 635 or a child
Killed process 7559 (rsync)
I was surprised to see this in my dmesg whenmy rsync backup suddenly stalled/stopped.
This system has 3 gigs of RAM and lots of free memory so I don't understand what is happening.
rsync invoked oom-killer: gfp_mask=0x200d2, order=0, oomkilladj=0
Pid: 7600, comm: rsync Not tainted 2.6.24.2 #83
[] oom_kill_pr........
Not sure what rsync switches/options to use?
rsync -PDrphogtl
The short version would be:
rsync -Pha
I think these are really common sense options to use and probaby should be the default.
Explanation of rsync switches
P = display the progress
D = hybrid of --specials and --devices so all special and device files will be copied as well.
r = recursive (otherwise rsync won't copy files deeper than........
Before we start I take no responsibility for this, you should have a backup and if you make a mistake during this process you could wipe out all of your data. So backup somewhere else before starting this as a precaution, or make sure it's data you could afford to lose.
The RAID 1 Setup (Hardware Wise)
I've already setup my 2 x 1TB (Seagate) drives with identical partitions, make sure your new hard drive (the empty one) is setup like your curr........
I have no idea why but mkfs.ext3 defaults to a patheticlly small blocksize of 1024 bytes/1KB (kilobyte). That means the maximum filesize is ONLY 16GB! With 2KB/2048 bytes you get a 256 GB maximum filesize, and with 4KB/4096 bytes you get 2TB!
I finally noticed/paid attention to this after realizing that with rsync and scp that no file larger than 17GB could be transferred. I then realized it must be a file size limit on the partition.
Here is what tune2fs tol........
I'm really starting to love ImageMagick, I've used it to mass convert/resize family photos with scripts and all kinds of handy things.
Today I just learned that you can create PDF files with it too, say if you have images scanned or anything else it's very simple:
convert *.jpeg output.pdf
You can replace jpg with whatever format your files are in. One thing to remember is that you can specify the order that the images/pages are added to the PDF manu........
It's basically free bash shell script available from: http://wpkg.org/email2fax/index.php/Main_Page
Make sure you have the required tools:
libtiff
ghostscript
mpack/munpack
Where you can e-mail your Asterisk box and it will fax it to the phone number in the subject line. The good news ends there, it is fairly undocumented and buggy.
Take for example how the documentation mentions you can invoke from the com........
The folder I was trying to archive is about 72GB, but much like rsync at about 17GB it chokes because of the filesize. What's with so many common and essential Linux tools having such limitations? I guess it is likely that the authors never wrote their code with the idea that files would be so large but it's still very annoying. It's important to stay on top of these limitations on production servers because I didn't realize what happened until I checked the file with "........
I decided on using yum to help me decide even though I normaly use proftpd I decided to see what else I could find.
yum search ftp
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* rpmforge: ftp-stud.fht-esslingen.de
* base: mirrors.netdna.com
* updates: updates.interworx.info
* addons: yum.singlehop.com
* extras: mirrors.netdna.com
rpmforge........
Proxmox has made this free utility to backup running OpenVZ containers. It's a great program which is actually just a PERL script but gets the job done. This program is not 100% required because all it really does is cp -a from your container's path as far as I know but it is still good to have uniformity to how you backup your containers.
For RPM distros such as Centos/RHEL/Fedora etc.. download and install this:
wget http://www.proxmox.com/cms_proxm........
Here are the results, it is Sempron 3000+ AMD Mobile, 500Gig HDD, 512MB RAM with shared ATI Radeon graphics.
# # # # # # # ##### ###### # # #### # #
# # ## # # # #&nb........
PHP cannot access /usr/bin/opensslI have verified the username that runs the process is able to access /usr/bin/openssl and it does exist but the PHP script is saying it doesn't exist:
[code:1:1fd0f3abbe]
if (!file_exists($OPENSSL)) {
//echo "ERROR: OPENSSL $OPENSSL not foundn";
}[/code:1:1fd0f3abbe]
I don't get itI can clearly see the contents of /usr/bin by using the PHP system fu........
GRUB Boot FreeBSD[code:1:a7050277b7]title FreeBSD 6.0
root (hd0,2,a)
kernel /boot/loader[/code:1:a7050277b7]
Just insert the above code into GRUB's [b:a7050277b7]menu.lst[/b:a7050277b7] and make sure you set the root path correctly.
[quote:a7050277b7]Let's quickly explain what the root (hd0,2,a) means:
*hd0 stands for the primary master drive
*2 stands for partition 3
*a stands for the........
Photoshop Save Layers as a fileJust click:
[quote:64c0c64b5a]File: Scripts: Export Layers to Files[/quote:64c0c64b5a]
You can choose an individual layer or all of them.
Have fun :)........
Nice General Linux RAID 1 GuideFull examples/tutorials that should work for any Linux system using GRUB or LILO as the boot loader.
This is the only tutorial I've seen that clearly shows how you can convert an existing non-RAID system to software RAID1 remotely, without ever having to be at the computer. This is important for people who co-locate or rent dedicated servers that they may not have physical access to in a timely manner.
https://alioth.debia........
How to extract files from RPM & SRPM filesmkdir any_directory
cd any_directory
rpm2cpio /location/of/package.src.rpm | cpio -d -i
This will extract all files, I find it especially useful if you want to manually compile the kernel source from the srpm........
locate: command not found (slocate database needed)For some versions especially older ones like 3.x they might not have the "slocate" database.
Meaning a "locate somefile" command doesn't work.
Just install "slocate"
[code:1:d6d717421c]yum install slocate[/code:1:d6d717421c]
Then run:
[code:1:d6d717421c]updatedb[/code:1:d6d717421c]
And you're good to go :)........
Tar & Encrypt in the same command![code:1:f2c600dbb6]tar -cz --file=tarfile.tar `gpg -e -r email@address file.name`[/code:1:f2c600dbb6]
Notice the back ticks in the place where the filename would normally be. This will let us encrypt and tar any files/directories!........
sed is great for pattern matching or retrieving linesHere is a cool example
Say you type df:
The output would be something like:
[quote:3bb8d51437]Filesystem 1k-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/hda2 1712432 1206664 418780 75% /
/dev/hda1 31201 10505 19085 36% /boot
none 30932 0 30932 0% /dev/shm
[/quote:3bb8d51........
CVSUp the Easy WayIf you're reading this you probably have never used CVSUp or don't know how.
CVSUp can be used for two things or just one if you prefer.
*Keeping your kernel up to date
*Keeping your port list up to date
Start by editing the following file in:
[b:76928b387d]vi /usr/share/examples/cvsup/cvs-upfile[/b:76928b387d]
It can be quite overwhelming with all the crazy options.
Basically there are only 3........
Clustering LinksI thought this might be interesting for people with spare time.
[b:6423c19973]Great clustering article from Linux Mag[/b:6423c19973]
http://www.linux-mag.com/2003-11/clusters_01.html
[b:6423c19973]General Linux cluster information[/b:6423c19973]
http://www.gdargaud.net/Hack/ClusterNotes.html#HighA
http://www.faqs.org/docs/Linux-HOWTO/Cluster-HOWTO.html#s3
http://www.yolinux.com/TUTORIALS/LinuxClustersAndFileSys........
Shortcut/Easiest Way To Create A Self-Signed Key:
openssl req -new -x509 -nodes -days 1530 -out server.crt -keyout server.key
Using the above, you instantly create a self-signed certificate valid for 1530 days and you can simply skip to step #5.) below.
If You Need a Real SSLCertificate (eg. Equifax/Openssl) then you need to create a CSR request (you'll need to follow Steps 1.) and 2.) in order to create the CSR. You then upload the CSR Certi........
This happened with a select statement which writes the result to an external file. I didn't remember the privilege "FILE" must be granted on *.* for this to work successfully, it wasn't actually an authentication issue as it implies since I was already in the SQL prompt and doing the query.
SELECT some_id
FROM sometable
INTO OUTFILE '/tmp/result.txt'........
top - 09:34:12 up 2 days, 20:57, 2 users, load average: 1.83, 1.99, 2.03
Tasks: 59 total, 2 running, 57 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie
Cpu(s): 0.3%us, 0.0%sy, 0.0%ni, 0.0%id, 99.7%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st
That 99.7% wa is iowait, it means the server is waiting for a process to complete an IOoperation or in plain English, there is a delay in........
Everyone says there is a "manual" way of doing it and then they tell you to use iTunes, but if you're like me, you're travelling on business in a foreign country and your laptop does not have iTunes and you don't have a way of getting it and/or don't want it.
For this example I'm using the provider "du" in Dubai, UAE (United Arab Emirates) but this method works for virtually all providers.
The requirements in this case to truly "manually update........
You can see the problem below, GRUB recognizes my hard drive and sees the partitions but cannot access them. This is from the GRUB boot disc I'm using.
What happened is that I had some power issues causing this system's power to be interrupted several times and basically an on/off on/off situation.
The system won't boot, I just get a flashing cursor and no message or error from GRUB. Obviously the problem is that my MBR seems corrupt or some other issue.
My........
I've tried to find a good sensible solution to cluster with and each technology has it's pros and cons and there is no perfect solution and I've found a lot of "exaggerations" in the applications, benefits and performance of these different filesystems.
DRBD
I first started off with DRBD and Ihave to say it does live up to the hype, is quite reliable (although it can be annoying to match up the kernel module and user applications since they must match and whe........
You might remember my original GluserFS/OpenVZ benchmark which produced a horrible 29.8
This is the exact same system, but using the latest 2.0.8 (with some small files patch which speeds up performance) you can see it is about 25% faster.
I also haven't tuned my config files at all, but there are some settings that should increase performance on small files which I believe i........
This is very disappointing since GlusterFS markets itself as a solution to deploy VPS servers on. On the HNitself I get a Unixbench of about 360.
I'm also using an SSH tunnel to secure the communications, but even before that, things seemed very slow.
# # # # # # # #####&n........
Iwas getting really annoyed with this, I used full quotes around the filename and vi, cat, less all thought I was trying to pass the dash in the filename as an argument.
I didn't realize that all you have to do is just put a dash dash "--"in front.
Here's an example:cat -- "-etc-glusterfs-glusterfsd.vol.log"
Without the -- you get: cat: invalid option -- c
Try `cat --help' for more information.
Ih........
A VPS Server I had just wasn't working right, code that I migrated there just wasn't working. For example, it kept telling me the connection to the database was unsuccessful, halfway through iterating through results it already had.
Then I realized it wasn't my code. Ichecked my /proc/user_beancounters and found this:
cat /proc/user_beancounters
Version: 2.5
uid resource held maxheld barrier limit failcnt........
I was getting very frustrated one day wondering why it appeared my .htaccess file was being ignored and not processed by Apache. No matter what I did it was obvious that Apache didn't care about my .htaccess file. Then I realized that the default settings must be in effect, which is that my vhost didn't explicitly allow me to override the default settings.
This usually comes down to your vhost settings. Make sure you have an entry like this in your Apache vhost settings in........
Truly, the only way to unleash the capabilities and customization abilities of iPhone are to jailbreak, it's not just for hackers anymore.
A few days ago someone by the named of "geohot" released a single click application called "purplera1n", which does the entire operation smoothly and seamlessly.
In our case, the first time it went as far as "done, wait for reboot" on our Windows machine and for minutes we waited and saw the pic on the iPhone w........
resume: could not stat the resume device file
I got that after migrating to a different physical hard drive, it wanted to resume from a swap partition that no longer exists.
This is actually controlled by "uswsusp.conf" in /etc
Just edit it and remove the device or change it to the correct new swap file.........
When trying to even cd or ls the mounted OCFS2 partition it crashes. Ithink this is a combination of VMWare Server's problem and the way I mounted and symlinked to it.
More than anything this shows the problem and lack of forsight with VMWare, but also that OCFS2 is easily crashed if you do strange things.
Output of /var/log/messages for OCFS2
Apr 10 15:57:45 localhost kernel: [84331.691258] Modules linked in: vmnet vmci vmmon ocfs2_stac........
There's a lot of information and guides on OCFS2 for RHELand Centos Linux but the package setup and configuration is slightly different and this has thrown some people off.
Installing OC2FS
You should install the following packages to get started:
apt-get install ocfs2-tools ocfs2console
Configure OC2FS
In RHEL/Centos the main configuration file is located in /etc/sysconfig/o2cb
However in Debian based Linux it is located........
This happened on one of my Ubuntu machines where Igot some kind of segfault on line 21 from LAME at random while encoding MP3s (a second try is fine usually). I've read that it's best to compile it from source and that has solved most issues for people.
Here is my preferred configure line:
./configure --enable-mp3x --with-fileio=lame --enable-debug --with-vorbis
Even with that I got a different error this tim........
There's a lot of outdated information and confusion for system administrator's out there.
One annoying task for many an Administrator has been backing up data in Linux. You don't need any GUI tools such as K3B or GnomeBaker. Both are excellent tools but for veteran command line users working remotely, using the keyboard is a great and possibly automated way to save yourself pain and hassle.
At a later date we'll cover how scripting can automatically backup certain........