• Cloned VM/Server/Computer in Linux won't boot and goes to initramfs busybox Solution


    This is mainly for if you've done something silly like trying to clone a Live, running VM image. In this example, the VM initially finds grub and tries to boot but is kicked straight into initramfs rescue mode/busybox right after this. If you've done this "silly" thing, you could have dataloss but a lot of times just using fsck will fix it as you are guaranteed at best to have some corruption and inconsistencies in the filesystem. My theory is that some files wer........
  • How to configure OpenDKIM on Linux with Postfix and setup bind zonefile


    This guide assumes you have a working Postfix server and want it to sign with DKIM. There are a few things we have to understand to make all of this work though, which require you to be familiar with DNS as well. 1.) Install OpenDKIM apt install opendkim systemctl enable opendkim 2.) Edit /etc/opendkim.conf Syslog yes SyslogSuccess yes Mode&nbs........
  • Debian Ubuntu 10/11/12 Linux how to get tftpd-hpa server setup tutorial


    apt install tftpd-hpa #change TFTP_ADDRESS to by setting address to 192.168.1.1:69 or the IP you need, otherwise it will listen on all IPs and interfaces which could be a security risk. # edit /etc/default/tftpd-hpa TFTP_USERNAME="tftp" TFTP_DIRECTORY="/srv/tftp" TFTP_ADDRESS="192.168.1.1:69" TFTP_OPTIONS="--secure"........
  • Apache Error Won't start SSL Cert Issue Solution Unable to configure verify locations for client authentication SSL Library Error: 151441510 error:0906D066:PEM routines:PEM_read_bio:bad end line SSL Library Error: 185090057 error:0B084009:x509 certif


    [Wed Nov 01 18:47:08 2023] [error] Unable to configure verify locations for client authentication [Wed Nov 01 18:47:08 2023] [error] SSL Library Error: 151441510 error:0906D066:PEM routines:PEM_read_bio:bad end line [Wed Nov 01 18:47:08 2023] [error] SSL Library Error: 185090057 error:0B084009:x509 certificate routines:X509_load_cert_crl_file:PEM lib It actually gives us a good clue that at last one component of our cert is invalid/improperl........
  • redis requirements


    sysctl vm.overcommit_memory=1 echo never > /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled echo 511 > /proc/sys/net/core/somaxconn 1:M 26 Nov 2023 21:34:33.840 # WARNING: The TCP backlog setting of 511 cannot be enforced because /proc/sys/net/core/somaxconn is set to the lower value of 128. 1:M 26 Nov 2023 21:34:33.840 # Server initialized 1:M 26 Nov 2023 21:34:33.840 # WARNING overcommit_memory is set to 0! Background sa........
  • How to kill a docker swarm


    Assign way more replicas than you have of memory on all nodes and watch the Swarm crash which can easily reproduce in a small VMfor testing. root@Deb11Docker01:~# docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAM........
  • nvidia cannot resume from sleep Comm: nvidia-sleep.sh Tainted: Linux Ubuntu Mint Debian


    This seems to happen in many different drivers but it happened more often in newer versions such as 530 vs 525. Then nvidia-modeset goes to 100% There are many reports of this appearing since driver 4.70 and I can confirm I've seen this in various machines. https://forums.de........
  • Save money on bandwidth by disabling reflective rpc queries in Linux CentOS RHEL Ubuntu Debian


    Even today we see a lot of servers that have different services and ports open for rpc and this creates not only potential inward vulnerabilities but perhaps more common, the abuse of your network resources in reflective rpc queries. To stop this problem, you should disable and remove all services relating to rpc or at least block all relevant ports for the service. Surprisingly, there are still some providers and OS installs in Linux that install these services and leave them........
  • How to access a disk with bad superblock Linux Ubuntu Debian Redhat CentOS ext3 ext4


    Have you ever tried mounting a partition that you exists but you get this error? mount: /mnt: can't read superblock on /dev/sda1. The superblock in this example was bad because the physical disk had corruption and bad blocks/sectors. However, the data was generally accessible and you can always try this trick below (with caution and no warranty). This is specifically for filesystems that place superblocks in multiple locations, which........
  • File "/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/pip/_internal/utils/entrypoints.py", line 12 f"pip{sys.version_info.major}", ^ SyntaxError: invalid syntax python pip3 error solution


    Is python3-pip pip3 not working anymore? Traceback (most recent call last): File "/usr/bin/pip3", line 11, in sys.exit(main()) File "/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/pip/__init__.py", line 11, in main from pip._internal.utils.entrypoints import _wrapper File "/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/pip/_interna........
  • How To Stop DNSMasq from listening on all IPs/Interfaces and allow only localhost


    Some people find it less than intuitive to do on DNSMasq and by default DNSMasq is available on 0.0.0.0 which could even be your LAN or Public IP. Active Internet connections (servers and established) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name tcp ........
  • du - VAS Billing Subscriptions Hack/Scam MLPremiumSub Invascom Astromart Issues Complaint


    If you have du, you may want to check your bill, as you can read about a longstanding issue with fraudulent charges showing up and many users claiming they did not subscribe or solicit those offers. These don't normally show up on new accounts, but they seem to target established users and maybe even users they suspect are not watching their phone or bills, while they are on vacation. These charges can frighteningly happen with 0 interaction from the user despite what........
  • Docker Swarm vs Kubernetes Comparison Guide


    A lot of companies are unsure which solution to choose and many may not be aware of Docker Swarm as an alternative to Kubernetes. One thing that many Sysadmins find is that Docker Swarm is simply easier, quicker to setup and maintain by far than Kubernetes.........
  • When is it time to leave your VPS/VDS Cloud Hosting Provider?


    When Is It Time to Leave Your VPS, VDS, and Dedicated Server Provider? Choosing the right hosting solution—be it Virtu........
  • 2024 Buyer's Guide: How to Choose and Buy the Best VPS/VDS for Your Needs - Tips and Strategies


    In today’s digital landscape, finding a reliable and secure Virtual Private Server (VPS) or Virtual Dedicated Server (VDS) goes beyond just comparing specs and prices. With increasing concerns over data privacy, security breaches, and government surveillance, the wisdom of choosing your VPS/VDS provider based on juri........
  • How To Upgrade Debian 8,9,10 to Debian 12 Bookworm


    Step 1.) Upgrade to Debian 11 first The process to go to Debian 12 is not as smooth as 11, when trying to upgrade from Debian 10. In fact, it doesn't work directly, so you'll first need to follow this guide to update to Debian 11, reboot and come back here if successful. Step 2.) Update sources.list Update your /etc/apt/sources.list like this: deb http://........
  • apache2 httpd apache server will not start [pid 22449:tid 139972160445760] AH00052: child pid 23248 exit signal Aborted (6) solution Mint Debian Ubuntu Redhat


    If you get this error, it is often because you have configured Apache with modules that weren't actually installed. Eg. you try to load the PHPmodule but didn't actually install the apache2 php module, so the server can't start. In general, this error can often be caused by issues with problematic modules and/or Apache being configured for modules that have not actually be installed (eg. libapache2-mod-php) is missing. The above results in this less than obv........
  • How to use the FTDI USB serial cable to RJ45 adapter to connect to the console on Cisco/Juniper Switch Router Firewall in Linux Ubuntu Debian Redhat


    This should work for most console ports of other manufacturers too. It is a quick and simple method for emegencies or deploying a few appliances/devices in a non-standard environment or small environment. However, if this is a route thing, or the equipment is not physically close to you, it would be best to use some sort of "Terminal" server which is an IP connected switch with several serial ports built-in for this purpose. Normally they accessible by web/........
  • How To Setup Python3 in Ubuntu Docker Image for AI Deep Learning


    The issue is that Docker images are stripped down, so many tools and even python3 is missing, so you'll have to build or update the actual image yourself. I assume you have started an image with something like this and that you have the Nvidia Toolkit installed (assuming you are using GPUs). If you're not using nvidia just remove --runtime=nvidia --gpus all. docker run -it --runtime=nvidia --gpus all ubuntu bash These works for most images li........
  • How to Configure NVIDIA GPUs with Docker on Ubuntu: A Comprehensive Guide for AI Deep Learning CUDA Solution


    Welcome to our in-depth guide on configuring NVIDIA GPUs with Docker on Ubuntu. This post is tailored for developers, data scientists, and IT professionals who are looking to leverage the power of NVIDIA's GPU acceleration within Docker containers. Whether you're working on machine lea........
  • Docker cannot work on other overlayfs filesystems such as ecryptfs won't start overlayfs: filesystem on '/home/docker/overlay2/check-overlayfs-support130645871/upper' not supported as upperdir


    This does not seem to be officially documented but makes sense that an overlay on an overlay does not work and is considered an unsupported filesystem as is even NTFS . Some admins/organizations try to use ecyptfs as a simple solution to encrypt the contents of Docker. Instead, you could probably........
  • Firefox how to restore and backup saved passwords and history which files/location


    The passwords are stored in the following locations on Unix/Linux: The directory is usually inside your home like this: ~/.mozilla/firefox logins.json contains the locations, username and password key*.db (usually then name could be key3.db or key4.db) Without the key file you will not see any passwords in Firefox as it is required to in order to decrypt the contents of logins.json........
  • How to upgrade to the latest Python version on Linux Ubuntu Debian Mint 3.11


    A lot of developers want to go to 3.11 because of the speed improvements, but most distros never have the latest Python version. Using the deadsnakes third party repo is the easiest way aside from compiling it yourself (which is safer and recommended): Step 1 - Add the repo apt-add-repository ppa:deadsnakes/ppa If you get an error about requests then install it:........
  • kernel panic initramfs not syncing cause solution


    Check your initramfs if it's missing /dev/null or /dev/console, this is likely the reason. If you want all actual devices to be created you could also enable devtmpfs in your kernel (.config) and mount like this during init: CONFIG_DEVTMPFS=y CONFIG_DEVTMPFS_MOUNT=y mount -t devtmpfs none /dev But note devtmpfs will not create /dev/null or /dev/console for........
  • vi cannot copy and paste automatic visual mode solution


    See below in the screenshot that copy is disabled by visual mode which enables automatically: Fix it by setting this .vimrc option: echo "set mouse-=a" >> ~/.vimrc........
  • python3 error Ubuntu Linux error solution SyntaxError: invalid syntax line 12 pip{sys.version_info.major}


    This sort of thing normally happens your python3 or pip3 has been updated, because you have to in order to use pip, but the newer pip now breaks compatibility with your old python (3.5 in this case). There are a few solutions, the easiest is perhaps to upgrade to a newer OS with a newer distro provided Python 3 or to manually install a newer version of Python/OR use a PPA like deadsnakes that provides newer versions. ........
  • How to install and configure haproxy on Linux Ubuntu Debian


    haproxy is one of the best known and widely used Open Source load balancers out there and a strong competitor to nginx. haproxy is used by many large sites per Wikipedia: HAProxy is used by a number of high-profile websites including GoDaddy, GitHub,........
  • How to Upgrade to Debian 11 from Version 8,9,10


    This likely works for even older versions but I have only tested on 8,9,10 (11,12). It's quite impressive at how easy it is to upgrade from a very old version to the new version. I would say that Debian version upgrades are some of the quickest and smoothest of any distro. 1.) Backup your /etc/apt/sources.list cp /etc/apt/sources.list ~ #Get your keys first, you need the latest keys for Debian 11 or it won't work:........
  • How To Restore Partition Table on Running Linux Mint Ubuntu Debian Machine


    Here is an easy way to restore things if you have the starting point and size of each partition using fdisk: In this example we pretend that /dev/sda was wiped out, but the running system still has the info in /sys/class/block/sda Go into each partition and record the "start" and "size" hostdev@box /sys/class/block/sda/sda1 $ cat start 2048 hostdev@box /sys/class/block/sda/sd........
  • iptables NAT how to enable PPTP in newer Debian/Ubuntu/Mint Kernels Linux


    Remember that control connections are established on port 1723 and then actual data is transferred over GRE protocol 47. If you have a NAT setup this will work without special forwarding or accepting of GRE packets (normally if you are not blocking outgoing connections and accepting established and related connections). The below two commands will get things going so PPTP and GRE work We first load the ip_nat_pptp module which allows PPTP to work with........
  • Grandstream Phone Vulnerability Security Issue Remote Backdoor Connection to 207.246.119.209:3478


    Have you checked your router/firewall logs and disconcertingly see connections to an unknown IP207.246.119.209:3478 from your Grandstream VOIPphones? You're not alone and the Grandstream forums have discussed this issue. However, even their own staff d........
  • Nvidia Tesla GPUs K40/K80/M40/P40/P100/V100 at home/desktop hacking, cooling, powering, cable solutions Tutorial AIO Solutions


    Do you have access to some old Tesla GPUs and want to try them at home in your Desktop or old Server? Some people have wanted to try these units for gaming but keep in mind they have no video out port, they were only meant for AI applications such as Deep Learning. The easiest way by far is to choose an AIservice that has everything ready to go, perhaps with a bunch of Docker or Kubernetes containers. This can be done with Cloud services like Google, Amazon and many........
  • Stop ls in Linux Debian Mint CentOS Ubuntu from applying quotes around filenames and directory names


    Later versions of ls try to be helpful and smart to prevent errors in dealing with files with spaces that were tradtionally a pain. However if you need the raw/real filenames, this can break scripts or if you are pasting into a csv etc.... How do you make ls not add the quotes? Add the capital "-N" switch ls -N You could also add an alias to make it more permanent Do this to add it to ~/........
  • Enable Turbo Mode for CPU Ubuntu Linux Mint Debian Redhat


    Sometimes due to your BIOS/EFI you may find that you have chosen "Energy Efficient" for your CPU which may effectively disable turbo mode. This is because "Energy Efficient" will often restrict or throttle your CPU to the base speed. This can impact nearly any CPU such as Intel's, AMDs, Opteron, Xeon etc... This is of course frustrating, for example if you have a CPU that is 2.0GHz base speed but turbo to 2.5GHz, you will never hit more than 2GHz.........
  • Cisco UC CME How To Enable Licensed Features


    Router#show license Index 1 Feature: ipbasek9 Period left: Life time License Type: Permanent License State: Active, In Use License Count: Non-Counted Lic........
  • Cisco Switch / Router How To Restore Factory Default Settings


    1.) Make sure your conf register is 0x2102 Do show version and at the very end of the output you will see the Configuration register. show version Configuration register is 0x2102 If the config register is not 0x2102 then enter this command: r1#configure terminal r1(config)#config-register 0x2102 r1(config)#end 2.) Let's Erase the NVRAM/flash........
  • Cisco 2900 3900 Router Password Reset How To Reset Enable Password


    It is a bit different and annoying here for these types of routers/models as you need to physically remove the CF (Compact Flash) and only then, will it enter ROMMON mode (Ctrl + Pause remotely over the console will not do it for us). This means you cannot do this remotely, or at least not without the help of a remote/physical helper. Step 1.) Power off, router and remove CF Disk Slot#2 Go to the router and remove the slot#2 cover uses your hand or it may help to use a........
  • Error opening tftp://10.0.2.2/network-confg (Permission denied) - How To Fix Cisco Router Switch Error Solution Console


    How To Fix This Cisco Switch/Router Error %Error opening tftp %Error opening tftp://10.0.2.2/network-confg (Permission denied) %Error opening tftp://10.0.2.2/cisconet.cfg (Permission denied) %Error opening tftp://10.0.2.2/router-confg (Permission denied) %Error opening tftp://10.0.2.2/ciscortr.cfg (Permission denied) %Error opening tftp://10.0.2.2/network-confg (Perm........
  • Centos 7 not mounting /etc/fstab partitions


    If you are doing a custom deployment and image, make sure that when you rsync'd or tar'd that you didn't mess up the symlnk of /etc/mtab to /proc/self/mounts ln --force -s /proc/self/mounts /etc/mtab Will fix this........
  • CentOS 7 / 8 cannot boot with with mdadm RAID array solution


    This article about migrating to a CentOS 7 /8 RAID mdadm array has a lot of info but I wanted to focus specifically on what newer versions of CentOS 7 require to boot mdadm and what changes are necessary on CentOS 7.8+ CentOS 7 / 8 mdadm RAID booting requirements This assumes you are chrooting into an existing install or using it to get a new deployment ready. However, these steps can........
  • Libreoffice Impress How To Change The Color of Links


    There are lots of wrong answers out there perhaps for much older versions of LibreOffice. Tools -> Options Then under LibreOffice ->Application Colors below. Change the Viisted and Univisted link colors Now you should h........
  • ecryptfs How To Backup / Migrate Linux Mint Ubuntu Debian system ecryptfs properly and restore access


    In this scenario, let's say you want to clone your OS at the filesystem level and the source system (the system you want to clone from) is in use. Doing a blind rsync / is a big problem because it uses twice as much space for no reason. The reason for this is that with ecryptfs you have a /home/.ecryptfs directory which has the actual encrypted versions of your files and folders. However your home directory (eg. /home/someuser) is mounted. Doing the blind rsync will ca........
  • i915 nouveau Nvidia GPU not starting lightdm Xorg failing solution for Could not determine valid watermarks for inherited state


    It may appear to be an Xorg or lightdm/gdm/mdm error but in reality for many users with this issue, it's a driver conflict and issue. I had a system that had two GPUs, an Intel and Nvidia GPU. The only thing that got it working was to remove the nouveau driver and blacklist it so it never came back, then the Intel GPU works fine without these issues. Solution sudo rmmod nouveau add nouveau/other driver to blacklist edit th........
  • amdgpu AMD GPU Xorg Won't Start [3576284.324] (EE) Segmentation fault at address 0x0 [3576284.325] (EE) Fatal server error: [3576284.325] (EE) Caught signal 11 (Segmentation fault). Server aborting


    Here is how Ifixed it on a Mint/Ubuntu install 1.) First download the latest AMDGPU-Pro driver from here: https://www.amd.com/en/support Navigate to your relevant video card: 2.) Download the installer One issue is that by default they give you a version for the latest version of........
  • /var/log/journal huge/too large solution in Debian Mint Ubuntu Linux Howot Fix


    Is your /var/log/journal overweight and bloated? For example a decent install of Debian 11 with most applications and services ends up being about 4.9G with the journal taking a few gigs. du -hs /var/log/journal/ 1.3G /var/log/journal/ By default in a lot of distributions there is no maximum size so it will keep growing. This is especially problematic for embedded distributions and devices, but is also a huge waste of sp........
  • ssh Too many authentication failures not prompting for password


    If you get this error when trying to SSHto a device or machine and you never even got a password prompt: Too many authentication failures This means that either the remote side is configured for key auth only, OR your client side may be attempting to auth using mulitple keys, and that exceeds the amount of attempted authorizations on the remote ssh server. If the issue is trying to auth too many times which ssh defaults to sending the keys to, you ca........
  • How To Upgrade Linux Mint 18.2 to 18.3 to 19.x and 20.x


    Linux Mint offers an easy and painless upgrade path through the last 3 versions, which means no more reinstalling to stay current with the latest version. The only catch is that you need the latest of each version, so for 18, you need 18.3 before you can go to 19, and then 19.3 (or latest), until you go to 20. However, it's really a small price to pay and on the machines we've tested, the upgrade went seamlessly each time (although sometimes video drivers/custom kernel modules l........
  • How To Do Linux Network Bonding Teaming in Mint Debian Ubuntu


    Bonding is an excellent way to get both increased redundancy and throughput. It is similar to the "Network Teaming" feature in Windows. There are a few different modes but we will use mode 6, I think it's the best of both worlds, as it is not just a failover, but it provides round robin, so you will get redundancy and load balancing. So if you have a 1G single port, you will have a combined throughput of 4G at this point. Just bear in mind that the true thr........
  • GlusterFS HowTo Tutorial For Distributed Storage in Docker, Kubernetes, LXC, KVM, Proxmox


    This can be used on almost anything, since Gluster is a userspace tool, based on FUSE. This means that all Gluster appears as to any application is just a directory. Applications don't need specific support for Gluster, so long as you can tell the application to use a certain directory for storage. One application can be for redundant and scaled storage, including for within Docker and Kubernetes, LXC, Proxmox, OpenStack, etc or just your image/web/video files or even da........
  • Ubuntu Mint audio output not working pulseaudio "pulseaudio[13710]: [pulseaudio] sink-input.c: Failed to create sink input: too many inputs per sink."


    If your audio is not working and you got this in your syslog: pulseaudio[13710]: [pulseaudio] sink-input.c: Failed to create sink input: too many inputs per sink. The issue is generally caused by too many audio inputs, or in other words you have too many applications that are hooked into pulseaudio. An easy and notorious offender is by having dozens of Firefox browser tabs open. Solution: Close all of your Firefox and the problem will........
  • How To Enable Linux Swapfile Instead of Partition Ubuntu Mint Debian Centos


    This may be necessary if you have a VM or if for some reason you just want to be more efficient with your space and have the flexibility of changing your swap space at will. What we mean is the ability to use a "swap file" or similar to the Windows "pagefile" that normally resides on the root or c: partition of Windows. Here's all you have to do and then you to can have a single partiton with everything, including the swap file on the root partition if you........
  • Docker Tutorial HowTo Install Docker, Use and Create Docker Container Images Clustering Swarm Mode Monitoring Service Hosting Provider


    The Best Docker Tutorial for Beginners We quickly explain the basic Docker concepts and show you how to do the most common tasks from starting your first container, to making custom images, a Docker Swarm Cluster Tutorial, docker compose and Docker buildfiles.........
  • How To Startup and Open Remote/Local Folder/Directory in Ubuntu Linux Mint automatically upon login


    Just click on the Start Menu and go to "Startup Applications" Then click on the "Add"Button Now enter the command we need to open the folder/directory automatically using the filemanager For remote SSH host (you need pub key auth for it to open without a pa........
  • How To Create OpenVPN Server for Secure Remote Corporate Access in Linux Debian/Mint/Ubuntu with client public key authentication


    Why choose OpenVPN instead of a firewall appliance? OpenVPN can be a reliable and easy replacement for traditional hardware or just be an additional tool that your company uses so that the firewall can focus on its job rather than acting as a VPNappliance at the same time. When comparing OpenVPN with traditional firewal........
  • HongKong VPS Server, Cloud, Dedicated Server, Co-Location, Datacenter The Best Guide on Hong Kong, China Internet IT/Computing


    In our 2024 VPS Server/Cloud Buyer's Guide, we place the location of your VPS/hosting/server as one of the priorities that is often overlooked. 2024 Update - Datacent........
  • ssh-keygen id_rsa private key howto remove the passphrase so no password is required and no encryption is used


    The key is that you need to know the passphrase to do it, if you don't know the password for the key then you can't remove the key since it cannot be decrypted. ssh-keygen is the easiest method and openssl can be used to manually remove the key and output it to a new file, which you can then copy back over top of the encrypted file. After that your public key authentication will work without any password prompt because it is no longer encrypted. Make sure you understand........
  • Wazuh / OSSEC Install and Configuration Howto Tutorial Guide for Monitoring Agents SIEM


    How To Install Wazuh Server / Quickest Installation Wazuh (forked from the well known OSSEC project) is a full SIEM (Security Information Event Management) that works extremely well with the platforms it natively supports as an "Agent", which allows you to do scans of everything such as all processes running, CVE vulnerability check, incident reporting etc... Prerequisites: A lot of issues with Wazuh seem to be caused by i........
  • Ansible Tutorial - Playbook How To Install From Scratch and Deploy LAMP + Wordpress on Remote Server


    1. Let's work from an environment where we can install Ansible on. If you are using an older version of Linux based on Mint 18 or Ubuntu 16, you may want to get the PPA and get the latest version of Ansible that way: sudo apt install gpg sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ansible/ansible sudo apt update........
  • Proxmox How To Enable Ceph Distributed Storage Cluster with OSD and Pools


    How To Install Ceph If you stopped an install of Ceph midway you will need to manually restart it with "pveceph install" Remember that your VM needs to have working internet (gateway) and DNS in order to connect to the apt repo to download all of the packages that Ceph requires. Remember to repeat these steps for each node that you want Ceph on. ........
  • Virtualbox Vbox Issue Cannot Enable Nested Virtualization Button is Grayed/Greyed Out and Unclickable HowTo Solution


    In newer of versions of Virtualbox, especially above 6.0 (eg. 6.1 like the example below), a lot of times the "Enable Nested VT-x/AMD-V". If you are having this issue, you will see the option is grayed out. It doesn't mean that your computer does not support virtualization, although it is possible it is disabled in the BIOS. You can verify........
  • Virtualbox VBOX Howto Port Forward To Guests


    NAT Network, the VMs can communicate but your host cannot access them by default. NAT VMs have internet but cannot communicate with each other. Bridged is simple and allows full LAN access as if you had a physical machine plugged in but is often bad for testing, work or corporate environments and is not very portable when it comes to moving your VMs to other locations and networks. Here is how you can use NAT Ne........
  • Linux Ubuntu Debian Centos Mint - How To Check if Intel VT-x or AMD-V Hardware Virtualization is Enabled?


    From the terminal do this: cat /proc/cpuinfo|grep -E "svm|vmx" You should get output like this(svm = AMD-v and vmx=Intel-VTx): flags : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht tm pbe syscall nx pdpe1gb rdtscp lm constant_tsc arch_perfmon pebs bts rep_good nopl xtopology nonstop_tsc cpuid aperfmperf pni pclmulqd........
  • Virtualbox VBOX How To Install Guest-Utils/GuestUtils so drag and drop and clipboard works Ubuntu Mint Debian Linux


    Just install these packages and restart the VM: 1.) Enable guest-utils on the host side: sudo apt install virtualbox-guest-utils virtualbox-guest-x11 2.) Enable guest editions on the VMside This must be done for each VM that you want to have the guest additons for accelerated GPU performance and for drag and drop/clipboard sharing First insert the Guest Addtions CD image........
  • How to install Kubernetes with microk8s and deploy apps on Debian/Mint/Ubuntu Linux


    Kubernetes Easy Beginners Architecture Guide Kubernetes is known as container orchestration and we should start at explaining the container part of it. A Container is what runs the actual application and based on an Image, and are more comparable to something like an LXC Container, Virtuozzo/OpenVZ using the Linux Kernel Namespaces feature. Containers run these images as independent, isolated operating environments under the OS's exist........
  • Cisco Howto Configure Console Port/Terminal/Comm Server with Async Cable Setup


    This assumes that you've already installed the relevant HWIC cards eg. Cisco Asynchronous Serial NIM These are essentially cards that you install into your router, once installed you connect an Async cable to one of the ports on the card which normally gives you 8 console cables and are normally labelled 1 through 8. You connect all of the cables to the devices you need (even non-Cisco devices) whether switches, routers or firewalls, they will usually work. The real m........
  • Cisco Switch Howto Reset Password


    This was done on a 2900 but applies to all the switches of the same era. Step 1 - Power Cycle and enter recovery mode If you have physical access you can power cycle and hold the mode button down for 15 seconds. After that the SYS light will flash on the switch and you will see the following screenshot. If you don't have physical access (eg. it is a datacenter swich over console only) then power cycle and hit "Ctrl+Pause/B........
  • Cisco Router Password Reset Howto Guide Solution Cannot Login /Unknown Enable Password 2600, 2800, 2900, 3900


    It is common that you may get access to undocumented equipment and need to reset the password. This applies to many Cisco routers whether 2600, 2900, 3900 etc... Cisco's Guide says to hit Ctrl +Pause/Break but if it doesn't work on some devices causing people to say "cisco password reset pause break does not work", you can see Cisco's alternative key combinations here:........
  • Unable to mount location Failed to retrieve share list from server: Connection timed out - Samba/Linux Filesharing Not working Ubuntu Mint Linux Solution


    So you're trying to browse to a properly configured Samba share but you get this error: Unable to mount location Failed to retrieve share list from server: Connection timed out If your config is right, it can be due to a protocol miss-match where your client has not enabled SMB3 but by default the other side (server) has enabled it. You can test this out to see with the smbclient tool........
  • EFI PXE grub2 Howto guide for Linux EFI PXE Booting on Debian, Mint, Ubuntu, RHEL


    Just a quick note and warning is that if you are testing to see if EFIPXE booting works on a VM, MAKE SURE it actually works. For example Iinitially tested using my Distro's QEMU 2.5+dfsg-5ubuntu10.46 and ovmf BIOS firmware (OVMF supports EFI). However, I found on old versions of QEMU (like 2.5), EFIbooting with GRUB NEVER works so it may appear that you have made a mistake when everything is fine when you boot a physi........
  • Juniper JunOS Command Overview and Howtos Switch, Router, Firewall Tutorial Guide


    Enable "cli" mode equivalent in JunOS cli Configure Mode configure So rather than going to the console on a Cisco switch and typing "enable" and then "conf t", the equivalent in JunOS is "cli" and "configure". How Do You Apply Changes You've Made? You can make all kinds of changes to the switch, but remember they are not........
  • Linux Grub not booting the intended kernel solution in Debian, Mint, Ubuntu how to specify which kernel to boot by default


    Traditionally kernels were numbered starting from 0 but by default the "new style" of grub boot loading considers each subkernel item to be different so if you have 3 entries for 4.40-148 rather than counting for 1. To get the expected behavior let's show this example and how we can boot it We do a grep on menuentry in /boot/grub/grub.cfg to see all of the bootable kernels rather than scrolling through loads of extra entries we don't care about (thou........
  • Linux how to compile binary with static sharedobjects embedded instead of dynamic to use on multi-distributions and avoid glibc compatiblity issues


    One simple flag to configure will create a makefile that statically links all the shared objects and embeds them instead the binary execute. This means as long as you have the same architecture that things should run. Eg. if you have an old version of Debian with a different version of glibc, then this will solve that problem. ./configure LDFLAGS="-static" To test that it is really statically linked run ldd: ldd src/wget........
  • qemu 4 compilation options


    How To Compile QEMU Manually (using sensible options) 1.) Download the QEMU source file you want. wget https://download.qemu.org/qemu-4.2.0.tar.xz 2.) Extract The Source File tar -Jxvf qemu-4.2.0.tar.xz 3.) Switch to the extracted source cd qemu-4.2.0 4.) Make sure we have the right libraries and tools to compile QEMU manually sudo apt install build-e........
  • CentOS 7 8 PXEBoot Netinstall Not Working Solution "Pane is dead "new value non-exisetnt xfs filesystem is not valid as a default fs type"


    The problem seems to be that whatever kernel and initrd you have is tied to an old version of CentOS 7 that is no longer in the current repos of most mirrors. If you were previously able to PXEboot and install CentOS and you are sure your network and tftp are good the problem is that you have an outdated kernel and initramfs that point to a defunct version.........
  • Scanner not working in Linux Ubuntu Fedora Mint Debian over the network? Use sane-airscan!


    I have a Canon MF642c and the scanner wouldn't work. I tried to use saned but it didn't work with the BJNPlike it did for some other Canon models. Introducing sane-airscan with packages for the most common distributions: https://software.opensuse.org/download.html?project=home%3Apzz&package=sane-airscan http........
  • How To Boot, Install and Run Windows 2000 on QEMU-KVM


    Interestingly enough Windows 2000 works fine on QEMU 64-bit but you have to specify Pentium as your CPU otherwise it doesn't complete the install (it will not pass the detecting/setting up devices phase). -vga cirrus is wise because it is supported by Windows 2000 and allows higher resolutions and 24-bit color. -cpu Pentium emulates an old computer and is necessary for install to complete -device rtl8139 is important as this oldschool Realtek 8139 NIC is supported by W........
  • dynagen / dynamips 100% high CPU usage solution - how to set the idlepc value


    The idlepc value is very important to dynamips and it is both image and often CPU dependent. There is no "magic"value that will work for all images and all CPUs so this is why I'll show you a quick and handy way. Also don't be disappointed, some values do not work well but idlepc gives you several. For example in my example below #6 didn't help at all but #7 got me down to about 6% CPU from 99-100%. *Befo........
  • How To Setup a Cisco CME (Cisco Manager Express) Virtual Router under Linux using dynamips and dynagen


    This tutorial will get your router up and running using emulation tools. In this case we'll be getting a Cisco C7206 (C7200 series) VXR router going which also supports SCCP VOIP services. dynamips is the emulator itself and dynagen is the front-end tool that helps us control everything. It is used by tools such as gns3 and eve-ng. Together the two tools (dynamips and dynagen) allow us to create and emulate REAL router........
  • kernel: [549267.368859] mate-terminal[7871]: segfault at 2000000101 ip 00007f5d0a9548f0 sp 00007fff7012c610 error 4 in libgobject-2.0.so.0.4800.2[7f5d0a920000+52000]


    kernel: [549267.368859] mate-terminal[7871]: segfault at 2000000101 ip 00007f5d0a9548f0 sp 00007fff7012c610 error 4 in libgobject-2.0.so.0.4800.2[7f5d0a920000+52000] This seems to be a long-time bug in Mint mate-terminal where you sometimes move or detach a terminal and it crashes losing all of the other open terminal sessions.........
  • apcupsd how to setup and monitor APC UPS units


    It really seems limited in that it can mainly give you the things you would see on the physical unit such as load etc.. wget https://downloads.sourceforge.net/project/apcupsd/apcupsd%20-%20Stable/3.14.14/apcupsd-3.14.14.tar.gz?r=https%3A%2F%2Fsourceforge.net%2Fprojects%2Fapcupsd%2Ffiles%2Flatest%2Fdownload&ts=1598115866 tar -zxvf apcupsd-3.14.14.tar.gz cd apcupsd-3.14.14 [root@somebox apcupsd-3.14.14]# ./conf........
  • How To Password Reset, Recover, Bypass, Remove and Unlock on Windows 10,8,7,Vista,XP,NT,2000,2003,2008,2012,2016,2019 Administrative Login Programs


    If you've come here, don't be embarraassed, working in IT, this is the MOST common computer problem that almost everyone will encounter. The reason why I'm doing this post is because I've seen an increase from colleagues and admins having this problem and many times it's not even your fault. A common scenario is that someone acquires a new or used computer which they weren't given the password for. Fortunately Ihave a detailed list of all the options whether free or pa........
  • Nvidia Ubuntu Linux Screentearing Video with solution driver


    This seems to happen on most if not all Nvidia cards but the good news is that if you are using any of the Linux drivers and have the nvidia-settings tool installed it is just a simple command. Solution: nvidia-settings --assign CurrentMetaMode="nvidia-auto-select +0+0 { ForceFullCompositionPipeline = On }" Enter the above command in your terminal and the screentearing will be fixed which is like enabling Tear Free on AMD cards.&........
  • ?? Question Marks for time, permissions and size of a file?


    -?????????? ? ? ? ? ? shadow ----------. 1 root root 748 Jul 10 04:35 shadow- cat: shadow: Input/output error If you see this you are probably in big trouble, it could be a physical error or if it's a VM image that it is corrupted due to a physical error on the underlying disk/array/NAS or it could a........
  • How To Get Started on Ubuntu with gpt-2 OpenAI Text Prediction


    apt install software-properties-common add-apt-repository ppa:deadsnakes/ppa apt update apt install python3-pip apt install python3.7 curl gnupg python3.7-dev git ln -s /usr/bin/python3.7 /usr/bin/python3 pip3 install numpy keras_preprocessing curl https://bazel.build/bazel-release.pub.gpg | sudo apt-key add - echo "deb [arch=amd64] http://storage.googleapis.com/bazel-apt stable jdk1.8" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/bazel........
  • Linux How To Change NIC Name to eth0 instead of enps33 or enp0s25


    Most newer distros inexplicably cause your NIC to have what Icall "random" non-standard name conventions because of systemd. This is a big problem for many people and especially those running servers. Imagine that you have a static IPconfigured for ens33 but then the hard disk is moved to a newer system, the NIC could be anything from ens33 to enp0s1, meaning that manual intervention is required to go and update the NIC config file (eg. /etc/network/interfa........
  • Asterisk Does Not Retry When Authentication Fails


    When authentication times out that is one thing, but when it just fails like below Asterisk by default will not re-register until you the admin reload the sip or asterisk server: voipserver*CLI> sip show registry Host dnsmgr Username Refresh State&........
  • How To Speed Up Linux Ubuntu and Debian Based Computers By Improving CPU Performance and Changing the CPU Governor


    I used to believe that for Desktops especially that the "ondemand" CPUfrequency changing that kernels included with Ubuntu and Debian based distros have would be sufficient for snappy performance. However, you can feel the lack of performance on the fastest computer if you have ondemand. A lot of times even under high load 100% of your CPUfrequency in MHz will not be used. For example a 2.8Ghz CPUmay only run at 1.8MHz or even .9GHz. Now........
  • How To Install NextCloud on Centos 7 and Centos 8


    yum -y install wget unzip wget https://download.nextcloud.com/server/releases/nextcloud-18.0.2.zip unzip nextcloud-18.0.2.zip yum -y install php php-mysqlnd php-json php-zip php-dom php-xml php-libxml php-mbstring php-gd mysql mysql-server Last metadata expiration check: 0:58:02 ago on Fri 13 Mar 2020 02:12:49 PM EDT. Dependencies resolved. ===================================================================........
  • AH01630: client denied by server configuration:


    This happens when upgrading to Apache 2.4 from 2.2 or just because you don't have the right permissions set which we'll get into. You need this in the ........
  • ERROR: Could not find a version that satisfies the requirement PIL (from versions: none) ERROR: No matching distribution found for PIL


    pip install PIL ERROR: Could not find a version that satisfies the requirement PIL (from versions: none) ERROR: No matching distribution found for PIL The import name is PILbut the actual pip package is called "Pillow" pip install Pillow........
  • How To Install OpenProject on Centos 7 Step-by-Step Guide


    There are a few caveats that may not be obvious to everyone so I am going to cover them here but keep this in mind before starting. Before starting install epel or you will be missing tesseract: yum -y install epel-release #1) When you specify your SSL certificate with a full path, it really needs to exist where you tell it to (including the default location of /etc/ssl/certs and /etc/ssl/c........
  • How To Install python 3.4 3.5 and up on Linux with wine - Working Solution


    This is sure simple if you follow the guide but it took a lot of hacking around to make this work on Debian/Ubuntu! Now before you ask why bother running wine and python, the reason is because Python executables are NOT cross-platform. If you run pyinstaller in Linux, that binary will only run on Linux and the same if you do it in Windows. So it is preferable if you have a single environment that you can create Linux and Windows binaries from rather than running 2 separate........
  • ssh Received disconnect from port 22:2: Too many authentication failures


    If you are getting this error it is usually caused by having more than 5 keys in your ".ssh" directory. It is a bit of a bug and this is how it manifests itself. You will find at this point that you are not given any chance to enter a password, or if you are using key based auth that the same thing happens. You'll also find that this is happening with ALLservers you try connecting to. The solution is to move away key pairs from .ssh so that there ar........
  • Radeon R3 GPU on Debian Crashing


    Occasionally my whole screen locks up and I cannot even swith to the console and I find this in my syslog: *-display description: VGA compatible controller product: Mullins [Radeon R3 Graphics] vendor: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD/ATI]  ........
  • MySQL 5.7 on Debian and Ubuntu - How To Reset Root Password


    MySQL on Debian versions is configured differently than the native local MySQL plugin so you will be disappointed when your password on the mysql client fails by default. Here is how you reset the MySQL root password the proper and "working way" #first we gracefully stop mysql sudo systemctl stop mysql; #then we forcefully kill any mysqld process just in case sudo killall -9 mysqld mysqld_safe;........
  • Convert and install to LUKS Encrypted Drive Ubuntu 18.04 19.10 Linux Mint and Debian Based Linux


    The reason for doing this is that the installer doesn't seem to work properly for LUKS and the server installer doesn't even support LUKS anymore. When you use the GUI install on Desktop for LUKS it won't boot and will just hang after you enter your password. So the only reliable way is to do it ourselves. 1.) Make a default minimal install of Ubuntu 2.) Have a secondary disk on the server or VM. 3.)........
  • CentOS 8 how to convert to a bootable mdadm RAID software array


    The cool thing here is that we only need 1 drive to make a RAID 10 or RAID 1 array, we just tell the Linux mdadm utility that the other drive is "missing" and we can then add our original drive to the array after booting into our new RAID array. Step#1 Install tools we need yum -y install mdadm rsync Step #2 Create your partitions on the drive that will be our RAID array Here I assume it is /dev........
  • SSH How To Create Public/Private Key Pair and with a Larger Keysize than 2048 bits


    The problem is that by default ssh-keygen loves to generate an easy to crack 2048 bit key (RSA). Supposedly having a larger keysize helps such as 4096 or 8096 but it is thought to be useless still against Quantum computing. How can I check my existing keysize and type? ssh-keygen -lf /path/to/your/id_rsa.pub The output will be something like below followed by the hash. The first number is the key size and the second part will b........
  • selenium.common.exceptions.WebDriverException: Message: Can not connect to the Service geckodriver


    A lot of times this is actually caused by simply not having Firefox installed at all. selenium.common.exceptions.WebDriverException: Message: Can not connect to the Service geckodriver https://github.com/mozilla/geckodriver/issues/270........
  • ssh how to connect using a SOCKS 5 proxy with nc and proxycommand


    This is not about using ssh as a proxy, but rather, using a proxy when you are SSHing to another host and using ProxyCommand (where we normally use nc as our proxy tool). In newer versions of nc the syntax has changed to the following: ssh -o ProxyCommand="nc -x 127.0.0.1:1234" %h %p user@host The format must be like above in newer nc versions. Just be sure to change the 1234 to the port of your SOC........
  • apache symlinks denied even with followsymlinks


    Symbolic link not allowed or link target not accessible: /path/httpdocs/news.html There are a few reasons that can cause this message and this is for people who have ruled out the basics, eg. your symlinks are enabled and the right permissions are applied (but read on to learn about ownership requirements above the directory in question). So there are a few key things here that cause Apache not to follow symlinks:........
  • mpv / mplayer with Radeon / AMD GPU Video Card Driver enable VDPAU GPU Accelerated Video Decoding


    The easiest way to know if your videos are playing with GPU acceleration are to watch the process of xplayer, mpv or whatever you are playing. The CPU usage should be no more than 10% for that process/program if it is using acceleration. Let's manually play with vdpau to make sure it works before we make it permanent: First make sure you have libvdpau installed: sudo apt install vdpau-driver-all If yo........
  • How To Install Asterisk 16 17 on Debian Ubuntu Linux


    Downloading and compiling from source to get the latest version of Asterisk is really simple with this guide. apt install gcc make g++ libedit-dev uuid-dev libjansson-dev apt install libxml2-dev sqlite3 libsqlite3-dev wget http://downloads.asterisk.org/pub/telephony/asterisk/asterisk-16-current.tar.gz tar -zxvf asterisk-16-current.tar.gz cd asterisk-16.6.2/ ./configure If you get this error change y........
  • Linux Ubuntu Debian Centos How To Make a Bootable Windows 7, 8, 10, 2016, 2019 Server USB from ISO


    Use fdisk on your USB drive to create a bootable NTFS partition (in my case /dev/sdb): sudo fdisk /dev/sdb Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.27.1). Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them. Be careful before using the write command. Command (m for help): n Partition type p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)........
  • Linux Console Login Screen TTY Change Message


    This is all controlled by /etc/issue You can basically enter anything in there that you like, but there are preset variables that are mentioned at the end of the page that discuss this. Some examples of /etc/issue: Centos 7: S Kernel r on an m Ubuntu 16.04: Ubuntu 16.04.6 LTS n l You can also insert any of t........
  • MySQL Bash Query to pipe input directly without using heredoc trick


    Most of us know the heredoc method but what if you need a basic query done repeatedly and manually while working from bash? It is a pain to manually type mysql and login each time. With this command below you can semi-automate those queries: echo "use somedb; select * from auctions" | mysql -u root --password="yourpassword" Just modify the above to suit your needs and you can add more queries by adding a sem........
  • python import docx error


    sudo pip3 install python-docx [sudo] password for : Downloading/unpacking python-docx Downloading python-docx-0.8.10.tar.gz (5.5MB): 5.5MB downloaded Running setup.py (path:/tmp/pip_build_root/python-docx/setup.py) egg_info for package python-docx no previously-included directories found matching 'docs/.build' warning: no previously-included files matching '.DS_Store' foun........
  • Cisco Unified Communications Manager Express Cheatsheet CUCME CME Tutorial Guide


    Video Links: How To Setup 2 Phones on a Single CME Router and get the GUI going. How to use Dialpeers with CME with two routers How to implement call restrictions using COR / Class of Restriction Getting started, let's enable ephones and DNs we can add a phone with........
  • nfs tuning maximum amount of connections


    By default at least on Centos 7 nfs only allows 8 connections and starts 8 nfsd daemons. To fix this edit this file:/etc/sysconfig/nfs Edit the line "RPCNFSDCOUNT" (uncomment it so it looks like this: RPCNFSDCOUNT=30 In the example above we are setting 30 nfsd daemons to run (or in other words 30 connections are possible this way).........
  • qemu-kvm error "Could not initialize SDL(No available video device) - exiting"


    Now older versions of qemu-kvm didn't throw this error say if you just had "-video cirrus" when starting qemu-kvm. But newer versions do care. And this probably only applies to you if you are running from bash/terminal with remote kvm images. What you need to do is remove the "-video" part and just add -vnc :5 eg. this would fix the error: qemu-system-x86_64 -enable-kvm -boot order=cd,once=dc -m 1024 -drive........
  • Wordpress overwrites and wipes out custom htaccess rules and changes soluton


    cat .htaccess RewriteEngine On RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d RewriteRule . index.php [L] I keep reading there is a "# BEGIN WordPress" and a "# END WordPress" in the wordpress htaccess above but there is clearly not. Even more strange is that my permissions are just 444 (read only). so i changed it........
  • Bind / named not responding to queries solution


    By default bind will not respond to outside queries for security reasons. In most distributions you will find the default in /etc/named.conf looks like this at the top under options: listen-on port 53 { 127.0.0.1; }; listen-on-v6 port 53 { ::1; }; directory "/var/named";........
  • ImageMagick Convert PDF Not Authorized


    You'll have to edit the policy.xml file to fix this: convert -density 300 output.pdf agreement.jpg convert.im6: not authorized `output.pdf' @ error/constitute.c/ReadImage/454. convert.im6: no images defined `agreement.jpg' @ error/convert.c/ConvertImageCommand/3044. sudo vi /etc/ImageMagick*/policy.xml Change policy domain="coder" rights="no........
  • ssh how to verify your host key / avoid MIM attacks


    SSH helps keep us secure in many ways, one of those is the host-key fingerprint which is unique. If you have been connecting to an SSH server that you've made no changes to and suddenly ssh warns that the key doesn't match then you have a problem. But how about connecting to an existing server for the first time on a new machine or client? A lot of new clients calculate it using an SHA256 hash but it is not as easy on your host machine to produce the sam........
  • Cisco IP Phone How To Reset To Factory Settings Instructions CP 9971, 8800, 8900, 8845, 8851, 8841, 8831, 7961, 7960, 7945, 7942, 7941, 7940.


    This would be crucial especially if the phone is hardened, not being able to reset or change settings could prevent a phone registering in a new environment or even when migrating from office to office. This applies even if you are trying to migrate the phone to another platform such as Asterisk/FreePBX etc... This guide applies to nearly all of the Cisco IP phones that you would use in CME or CUCM from several years ago including models: 9900, 9971, 8800, 8900, 8845, 8851, 8841........
  • Firefox Cannot Hit Enter Key In Address Bar and Location History Not Working


    Opening Firefox from the CLI reveals the following as the cause of the error: Query failed: Error: Error(s) encountered during statement execution: no such table: moz_favicons The symptoms of this issue are that in the address bar you cannot hit enter to browse to a site/url/address and your history cannot be accessed, nor does your history show up in the address bar when typing previously used addresses. This usually happens because you've........
  • Cisco Unified Communications Manager / CUCM IP 8.6,10,12 Install Error Solution


    Install Errors on Version 12: This error happened on QEMU emulator version 2.11.1 pve-qemu-kvm_2.11.1-5 on Proxmox/Debian but installing on QEMU.12 on Centos 6 did not produce the error. *Update it is not related to the OS or QEMU version. This happened in Centos 6 too after a second install. What really causes this even though you successfully install........
  • Cisco Unified Communications Manager 12 Install Errors on Proxmox/KVM


    The strange thing is that usually the first install or two will work on any new machine but then it suddenly won't. I had this experience on QEMU 2.13 on a different machine. There is something finicky or buggy about the CUCM installer even when choosing the same virtual hardware specs. qemu-kvm command: /usr/libexec/qemu-kvm -version QEMU PC emulator version 0.12.1 (qemu-kvm-0.12.1.2-2.506.el6_10.1), Copyright (c) 2003-2008 Fabrice Bellard ........
  • Cisco Unified Communications Manager 12 CUCM 12 - How To Enable Video Calling


    There are multiple layers but most are enabled by default such as the setting in the Phone Device Settings. However the one not enabled by default is the one in "Enterprise Phone Configuration". Enable "Cisco Camera" and then reboot your phones to enable it.........
  • Cisco Unified Communications Manager / CUCM IP Telephony Definitions


    DN = Directory Number: It is basically the extension of the phone In the example below, 55 is a DN assigned to the phone.........
  • tftp Linux xinetd verbose logging


    It is much more useful to have meaningful and detailed logging from tftp to see what is or isn't happening especially for VOIPand other embedded device appications: Edit the file: vi /etc/xinetd.d/tftp Change the server line like this: server_args = -s /var/lib/tftpboot........
  • SSH Keep Alive To stop Disconnections


    Are you tired of coming back to your computer only to find your SSH connections have been broken? Even worse are the ones that hang where it appears to be connected but it is really not. The one option you have is an SSHclient side modification to send KeepAlive packets, sometimes this can also keep up your WiFi connection and stop it from disconnecting you as well. To make the keep alive changes for your just yourself (not system wide)........
  • chroot in Linux Howto Simple and Easy Guide


    chroot which stands for change root allows you to virtually operate in another operating system even though you haven't booted it. It is commonly used to deploy new distros, applications and to fix a broken Linux/Unix install or prep a new system image without having to physically boot the drive or disk. So in this example let's say we have a drive that has a Linux OS installed on /dev/sdb1 and we have mounted this partition on /mnt/sdb1 The key point is to edit the &quo........
  • qemu-kvm qemu-system Image format was not specified for '/mnt/space/cucm12.img' and probing guessed raw. Automatically detecting the format is dangerous for raw images, write operations on block 0 will be restricted. Specify the 'ra


    WARNING: Image format was not specified for '/mnt/space/cucm12.img' and probing guessed raw. Automatically detecting the format is dangerous for raw images, write operations on block 0 will be restricted. Specify the 'raw' format explicitly to remove the restrictions. #you should manually specify the format q........
  • Linux Over VNC VMWare How To Switch Virtual Terminals Console Without Using Ctrl+Alt+F1


    This is a common issue that I haven't seen many answers for on the internet. When you are using Linux as your host machine and you are connecting to another Linux machine over VNC you CANNOT use Ctrl+Alt+F1 to change virtual consoles as it sends the keys to your actual local machine. In many versions of Linux you can cycle through virtual terminals including over VNC using this: Alt + Left Arrow or Alt + Right Arrow This........
  • Skype For Business 2015 and 2019 Guide, Reference, Howto and Troubleshooting Solutions


    https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/module/skype/?view=skype-ps Troubleshooting Client Connectivity Issues The first step is to enable full logging in the Skype Client itself and then check the log on the client side. In Windows this normally means going to the Skype client "settings" and then "Enable Full Logging". Aft........
  • Linux bash prompt why does it not show username@host and the current directory?


    Perhaps you've just seen this in the bash prompt: -bash-4.1# Instead of the expected user@hostname# It is probably because you are missing .bash_profile or .bashrc in your home directory Check for yourself: ls -al ~/|grep -E ".bash_profile|.bashrc" -rw-r--r--. 1 root root&nbs........
  • Microsoft SQL Server Check What Version is Running


    This may sound silly but often on the same machine multiple versions of SQL may be installed due to other applications. How do we know which one we are running and connected to? Use the query: select @@version ........
  • ssh reverse proxy to enable remote access behind a LAN and firewall


    So say you are behind a typical NAT/LAN setup whether at home, work or while travelling. What if you have a computer or server that you need to connect to from the outside? Yes you could use a VPN but a quick and dirty, temporary and secure way is to use SSH's Reverse Tunneling Proxy feature. Requirements On the remote ssh server host you need the GatewayPorts option enabled in sshd_config (be........
  • Cisco Switches How To Get Of Port Line Status Console Messages


    00:55:07: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to down 00:55:09: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to up Switch(config)#no logging console ........
  • Cisco DHCP Snooping Relay Setup Information


    Switch#show ip dhcp snooping Switch DHCP snooping is disabled DHCP snooping is configured on following VLANs: 1 Insertion of option 82 is enabled circuit-id format: vlan-mod-port remote-id format: MAC Option 82 on untrusted port is not allowed Verification of hwaddr field is enabled Interface&nb........
  • Cisco Switch Setup Guide Command List


    Enter configuration console: enable configure terminal This is important because if your console doesn't look like below none of the commands will work! Switch(config)# Save and Apply Settings wr Show Switch Configuration: show run Show Port List/Sta........
  • Cisco Switch Reset To Factory Defaults


    This works on the 2000 and 3000 series generally. *The easy way is to just hold the mode button for 10+ seconds. The full/proper way is below: 1.) Either power on the unit and hold the "mode" button or hold the "mode" button until you see the below: 00:04:08: %SYS-7-NV_BLOCK_INIT: Initalized the geometry of nvram 00:04:08: %EXPRESS_SETUP-6-CONFIG_IS_RESET: The configur........
  • SSH error cannot Forward or Listen "bind: Cannot assign requested address"


    debug1: Local connections to LOCALHOST:18006 forwarded to remote address 192.168.1.93:8006 debug1: Local forwarding listening on 127.0.0.1 port 18006. debug1: channel 0: new [port listener] debug1: Local forwarding listening on ::1 port 18006. bind: Cannot assign requested address What we are seeing is that we can't listen on an IPV6 address of ::1. We need to tell SSH to stop using IPV6 so we'll edit ssh_config to take care of this issue........
  • Using Microsoft's Group Policy Management Editor (GPME) To Change Default Permissions and Internet Explorer Security Settings


    The defaults in Windows 2016 server leave clients crippled so they can't even download basic files or software. But Group Policy Management Editor comes to our rescue! Use cmd or Powershell and run: gpme.msc Choose your domain/computer and then navigate like below and create a new menu entry for IE11 or whatever your version is. Don't be worried if the highest version is IE10 it means that it applies to IE10 AND above.........
  • /etc/iproute2/rt_tables default settings file in Linux Centos 6,7 and most other NIX's


    This should apply to most Linux distributions just incase you get into trouble or wipe out the defaults by accident. /etc/iproute2/rt_tables # # reserved values # 255 local 254 main 253 default 0 unspec # # local # #1 inr.ruhep........
  • bind named error solutions named[2169]: error (no valid DS) resolving / error (broken trust chain) resolving / : error (no valid RRSIG) resolving 'com/DS/IN':


    Below are the common errors you'll get with named AKA bind if your time is incorrect. The simplest solution is to install and run ntpd to correct your system's time (install ntpd if it is not installed) systemctl start ntpd systemctl enable ntpd Dec 20 13:36:16 hostingbox named[2169]: error (no valid DS) resolving 'develop.waxrain.com/A/IN': 14.215.150.17#53........
  • How To Edit Linux Based NM Network Manager Connection Settings Without GUI


    Just find the relevant file in /etc/NetworkManager/system-connections sudo vi /etc/NetworkManager/system-connections/Wired connection 1 [802-3-ethernet] duplex=full mac-address=00:00:00:FE:FE:FE [connection] id=Wired connection 1 type=802-3-ethernet timestamp=1532403341 [ipv6] method=ignore [ipv4] method=manual........
  • Linux partprobe/partx cannot access last and 4th partition


    On a test machine Iwas never able to access to a newly created 4th partiton. As we can see there are dev devices for everything but the 4th partition. The normal "partprobe" or "kpartx" or kernel being told to rescan the block device didn't help (only a reboot did). fdisk -l /dev/sda Disk /dev/sda: 750.2 GB, 750156374016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 91201 cylinders Units........
  • Centos 7 PHP MySQL Not Working Solution


    PHP Warning: PHP Startup: Unable to load dynamic library '/usr/lib64/php/modules/pdo_mysql.so' - /usr/lib64/php/modules/pdo_mysql.so: symbol mysql_options, version libmysqlclient_18 not defined in file libmysqlclient.so.18 with link time reference in Unknown on line 0 #not sure what is wrong with php-mysql but I removed it and installed mysqlnd yum -y remove php-mysql yum -y install php-mysqlnd........
  • How Does Cisco CUCM (Cisco Unified Communication Manager) Work?


    Cisco's CUCM (Cisco Unified Communication Manager) is a system that combines voice, video, data and mobile products into a single unified management suite. At its core, the CUCMis like a "Super PBX" that controls the flow of all communications through an organization even single or multiple site deployments. Cisco's CUCMmakes communication more effective and simple through centralized management and unification of communications resources.........
  • How To Mathematically Convert and Calculate Binary Value To Decimal Value


    When converting binary the easiest way is to write out a vertical list in a format like below and follow the formula in the table. Example Convert 1101 1111 to decimal. Step 1.) Write out the binary below in vertical form (leave lots of space on the left side). Keep this in mind that the "previous sum" starts at 0 on your first line. Step 2.) Formula: 2 *........
  • systemd management using systemctl and journalctl to check systemd logs


    systemd is like the service manager for your Centos and other modern Linux distributions (including Debian/Mint/Ubuntu) allows you to enable services, stop them, restart them, check their status and even reboot your system. The key commands or arguments you will use with systemctl are the following: Unit Commands: list-units [PATTERN...] List loaded units &nbs........
  • Linux What is umask (user mask) for file and directory creation permissions and how to calculate umask and change the defaults


    umask are the default permissions that are applied when a file or directory are created. To see this in action simply just "touch filename" or "mkdir somedir" and you'll see what default permissions are applied. The first thing Ialways tell people you should know is to NEVER change the defaults unless you are making them more restrictive. But they work well and if you change the defaults you could end up creating a file without permission to read........
  • Linux Permissions and Groups Real Usecase for Group Access


    Ihave a directory structure which the primary user needs full access on but wanted a user to access only a specific directory within the main directory (so they could write in there only and nowhere else). Here's what Idid: [root@compevo8001 dllnow]# ls -alh drwxrwxr-x 2 someuser software 4.0K Oct 19 2017 ExpireYMD-2017-11-20 drwxrwxr-x 2 someuser software 4.0K Nov 19 2017 ExpireYMD-20........
  • gvfs mount in /run/user cannot be accessed or displayed wrong permissions Error: Location is already mounted


    You get errors like below and see you have all question marks for the permissions if you go to /run/user/1000/gvfs If you try to access the mounted share such as anything mounted as gvfs like an SSH share in your file manager you may get an error like this. It generally means an interruption in communication or a fault with gvfsd has caused it. Solutio........
  • How To Enable Nested KVM so guests can virtualize with hardware extensions


    How to check if nested KVM is enabled by doing a cat on nested inside sys Nested KVM is mainly important for testing for example if you wanted to install VMWare or Proxmox Nodes in a virtual environment for testing. Without nesting, the performance will be extremely slow, since the VMs within the nodes will not be using Virtualization extensions. I've used wildcard on kvm_ because it could be kvm_intel or kvm_amd depending on whether y........
  • Supermicro IPMI / KVM / BMC Remote Console Screen Resizing Issue - Window Cut Off Solution


    It could just be my specific Java but other KVM/IP works ok on my machine but with Supermicro's IPMI for some reason the console window doesn't resize and even putting it in full screen leaves the window cut off as shown below: As you can see above the screen is cut off you can't see the "Iagree" on the right side. The window resi........
  • Linux bash shell doesn't show username, hostname or current path fix solution


    Usually this is because when you created your user you added a user but didn't create their home directory and/or for some reason your .bashrc and .bash_profile in ~ (home) is broken/missing. In your home just create the following files with the following content to solve it: .bashrc and .bash_profile. To apply it just relogin/start a new bash session # .bash_profile # Get the aliases and funct........
  • Debian Mint Ubuntu compiling xmr-stak


    sudo apt-get install libcurl4-openssl-dev git build-essential autotools-dev autoconf libcurl3 sudo apt-get install libcurl4-gnutls-dev git clone https://github.com/wolf9466/cpuminer-multi sudo apt-get install cmake libpthread-* libmicrohttpd-dev libssl-dev libhwloc-dev git clone https://github.com/fireice-uk/xmr-stak-cpu.git make install cd bin chmod +x xmr-stak-cpu ./xmr-stak -O xmr........
  • *** These critical programs are missing or too old: gawk


    checking whether autoconf works... ../configure: line 5377: 7325 Segmentation fault $AUTOCONF $ACFLAGS configure.in > /dev/null 2>&1 no configure: error: *** These critical programs are missing or too old: gawk *** Check the INSTALL file for required versions. ........
  • wodim / cdrecord error cannot burn DVD or BDR .iso Errno: 5 (Input/output error), write_g1 scsi sendcmd: no error


    dvd+rw-mediainfo /dev/sr0 INQUIRY: [ASUS ][BW-16D1HT ][3.00] GET [CURRENT] CONFIGURATION: Mounted Media: 11h, DVD-R Sequential Media ID: RITEKF1&n........
  • Linux How To Free Wasted Memory RAM in Buffers


    We all know Linux is known for good memory management but is it really? It seems all on its own with hardly anything running that you can come back in days or weeks and find that almost all of your RAMis used! And many will say "no don't worry it's buffers for optimization" but it doesn't seem to help because what is in buffers is not available to use for new programs running or ones that allocate more RAM as far as Ican tell. The reason Iknow........
  • Linux Mint 18 Screen Goes Dark or Black After Screensaver or even when using the Desktop Solution


    You can search for this bug and it seems like it may be related to ecryptfs and is many years old. The symptoms are that you return to the computer and the screensaver was active or the screen was asleep/black and it doesn't seem to come back. But you check by SSH the computer is running fine and are frustrated you'll lose your running programs and have to reboot. There is a simple solution: Ctrl + Alt + F1 Ctrl +Alt + F8 Ba........
  • VirtualBox Nested Virtual Machine Containers with KVM Not Working no SVM or VMX module in the guest


    I can't get vmx cpu extensions to show up in Virtualbox guests despite enabling nested paging and enable vmx in virtualbox guest but this doesn't help that you check VT-X or the AMD Virtualization SVM it enables it for the guest to use BUT does not pass it through. This means if you check cat /proc/cpuinfo in the guest you will see the CPUdoesn't support virtualization. It looks like VirtualBox still hasn't implemented this! But there is good news I&n........
  • VSphere InternalServerError - Error When Adding Permissions


    InternalServerError (com.vmware.vapi.std.errors.internal_server_error) => { messages = [LocalizableMessage (com.vmware.vapi.std.localizable_message) => { id = vapi.bindings.method.impl.unexpected, defaultMessage = Provider method implementation threw unexpected exception: com.vmware.vapi.std.errors.InternalServerError, args = [com.vmware.vapi.std.errors.InternalServerError] }], data = } I was getting the........
  • Relocating modules and starting up the kernel - VMWare ESXi 6.7 Error and Solution


    I had this error in an unsupported CPUon VMWare 6.7 and apparently this sometimes works especially on older VMWare versions like 6.5 5.5 etc (but in my case it did not). To make sure it proceed when you see "Loading VMWare" Hit "Shift+O" Then add "ignoreHeadless=TRUE" See an example below:........
  • VMWare 6.7 VCSA VSphere ESXi Management SSO Install Guide on Linux using the CLI


    #mount the VCSA DVD mount /dev/sr0 /mnt/cd #alternatively you could mount the iso directly mount -o loop vcsa.iso /your/mount/path #for this purpose we are using the CLI installer on Linux cd /mnt/cd/vcsa-cli-installer/lin64 #no it's not going to be that easy you can't just run vcsa-deploy like that you need to use a template or configured .json file ./vcsa-deploy Usage: vcsa-deploy [-h] [--version] [--supported-deploymen........
  • OpenVPN auth-user-pass-verify ENV script error


    Starting with newer versions of OpenVPN Ibelieve 2.2+ you need to have "script-security 3" set or you can't execute a third party script. Prior to that you could also use the auth-user-pass-verify like this: auth-user-pass-verify ./validate.pl "$username $password $ip" via-env Options error: the --auth-user-pass-verify directive should have at most 2 parameters. To pass a list of arguments as one of the paramete........
  • Cannot create gradle for conversations


    The main issue is it looks like Java is not configured to accept the invalid ssl cert that is coming from the download location. Exception in thread "main" java.lang.RuntimeException: javax.net.ssl.SSLException: java.security.ProviderException: java.security.InvalidKeyException: EC parameters error export ANDROID_HOME=/home/user/Downloads/tools/ Conversations-master$ ./gradlew Downloading https://services.gradle.org/distributions/grad........
  • Database Error One or more of the WHMCS database tables appear to be either missing or corrupted. Please check and repair. - WHMCS Solution


    Database Error One or more of the WHMCS database tables appear to be either missing or corrupted. Please check and repair. This error can be misleading especially if you know you are using a known good backup or restoration of the WHMCS database. The error can also be that the user lacks permissions to read and write to the database. To check to this in MySQL shell: GRANT read,write to dbusername@localhost on dbna........
  • postfix errors fatal: no SASL authentication mechanisms /usr/libexec/postfix/smtpd: bad command startup -- throttling solution


    Jul 3 22:12:17mailserver postfix/smtpd[6195]: fatal: no SASL authentication mechanisms Jul 3 22:12:18mailserver postfix/master[4881]: warning: process /usr/libexec/postfix/smtpd pid 6195 exit status 1 Jul 3 22:12:18mailserver postfix/master[4881]: warning: /usr/libexec/postfix/smtpd: bad command startup -- throttling This only ever happens in my experience when the authentication method is actually Dovecot. Usually the problem........
  • mail command line examples of how to send an email using Linux / Unix and the Bash Shell or Scripting


    A simple way that may work for a lot of people who just need basic output for their scripts or daemons to announce an action is this: echo "body or message" | mail -s "realtechtalk.com" user@domain.com If you want to send a text file as the body just do this instead: mail -s "realtechtalk.com" user@domain.com < /tmp/sometxtfile.txt These are some ve........
  • named [FAILED] - zone 1.168.192.in-addr.arpa/IN: not loaded due to errors. - bind error solution


    Centos when copying old files and restarting it seems load everything fine and then says [FAILED] with no log or other message. service restart named named [FAILED] Check more thoroughly you may have missed the error if you have lots of zones! service named restart|grep error zone 1.168.192.in-addr.arpa/IN: not loaded due to errors. zone 2.168.192.in-addr.arpa/IN: no........
  • Maximum number of connections from user+IP exceeded (mail_max_userip_connections=10) Dovecot Solution


    This happens because Dovecot limits the maximum IMAPconnections per IPto just 10. This may be fine for a single client side IPbut if an entire office or multiple users are behind one IPor a single heavy user is active then you will get bizarre errors in your e-mail clients such as "Password Incorrect" or similar in Thunderbird. It won't be obvious on the client side as to what the problem is and they will probably just think the server is misconfi........
  • Linux Mint Black Screen after boot no graphics solution


    This is not the normal "black screen"issue and I was shocked to eventually find out why. The normal advice of reconfiguring Xorg didn't work. Even booting into "Recovery Mode" did not help. Here is the short end of the stick that fixed it: sudo apt-get install mdm mate-desktop-environment Yes you got it right, mdm and the mate-desktop-environment / gnome were somehow uninstalled. This must be whe........
  • sign_and_send_pubkey: signing failed: agent refused operation - SSH Solution


    sign_and_send_pubkey: signing failed: agent refused operation This happens when you don't manually add your ssh key with ssh-add it is some weird new feature in SSH or Ubuntu/Debian that causes this weird problem. Solution: ssh-add Identity added: /home/user/.ssh/id_rsa (/home/user/.ssh/id_rsa)........
  • named[1525]: error (broken trust chain) resolving 'min-api.cryptocompare.com/A/IN': 173.245.58.78#53 solution


    So you restarted your router/dhcpd server or for some other reason you wonder why DHCP is not working on any of your clients?You go and check that named is in fact running fine. But then you check /var/log/messages and see this error for everything hostname: named[1525]: error (broken trust chain) resolving 'min-api.cryptocompare.com/A/IN': 173.245.58.78#53 I've only ever seen this when the time on the server was off. It........
  • Linux Ubuntu Mint Debian cannot play xvid,x264,mp4 or any videos codec issue - xplayer Could not initialize supporting library.


    In xplayer Iget the following error "Could not initialize supporting library.". It actually looks more like a gstreamer issue. For those wondering what the default video player is called it is "xvid" and not "totem" anymore like previous versions. Basically it looks like some codecs are missing when I uninstalled another program it uninstalled other programs and codecs that it shouldn't have. I've tried installing all the gstre........
  • wget howto output to terminal or script instead of file


    wget -qO You just need the -qO switch and you'll be good to go, the output then goes to your console/screen/script rather than a file.........
  • Linux Mint Ubuntu Debian How To Disable Webcam Automatically Onboot To Prevent Spying and Privacy Violations


    It is well known hackers, the NSA, CIA and other groups have created malware to secretly turn on your webcam and microphone on your phone, tv etc.. But fortunately on our computers and laptops we have some options. Most webcams use the "uvcvideo" kernel module / driver. You can disable this in two ways on boot. I recommend both just as a failsafe. Disable it on rc.local once your system boots automatically Add the followi........
  • Apache htaccess Custom ErrorDocument not working properly for root home page 403 Error Issue and Solution


    So I have a domain "testdomain.com". Inside test domain.com's root is the following .htaccess: Options +FollowSymLinks -Indexes ErrorDocument 403 /launch/index.html Order Deny,Allow Deny From All Allow From 192.168.1.2 When you visit anything other than root things work fine. Eg. if you visit http://testdomain.com/somedirfile.html It will show the right error in /launch/........
  • error: Could not locate RPC credentials. No authentication cookie could be found, and no rpcpassword is set in the configuration file Bitcoin Litecoin Error


    error: Could not locate RPC credentials. No authentication cookie could be found, and no rpcpassword is set in the configuration file This is usually because the .cookie file cannot be read by the user you are running Litecoin or Bitcoin client/daemon as. You can adjust the permissions of the file so that the user or group they are apart of has read permissions. ........
  • OpenVZ Solutions vzquota : (error) Can't open quota file for id 123123, maybe you need to reinitialize quota: No such file or directory


    Error: Unable to apply new quota values: quota not running Container start failed (try to check kernel messages, e.g. "dmesg | tail") Killing container ... Container was stopped Error: Unable to apply new quota values: quota not running Can't umount /vz/private/123123: Invalid argument [root@rtt 123123]# vzquota on 123123 vzquota : (error) Can't open quota file for id 123123, maybe you need to reinit........
  • Linux How To Clone One System Harddrive to another remote system


    The easiest way is to use SSHand DD or a combination of netcat. SSHwill be a little slower due to encryption but is the most secure way (on two older systems the average clone speed is about 40-50MB/s). This is also OS independent as it doesn't matter what the source OS is because you are literallly cloning the drive so you retain the partition table and settings. Clone HDD using SSH and DD........
  • Ubuntu/Debian/Linux won't boot and drops to Busybox shell after cloning HDD with dd


    I don't recall having this issue in the distant past but nowadays at least Debian seems to be very picky about this. I used dd to copy one hard drive to another and tried booting it. Everything seemed fine with grub working but each time it would drop to the busybox shell. There is no particular error so this is misleading. Normally the first things you would check are to make sure your fstab is correct (that the UUID is correct)and that you've updated grub.&........
  • Unable to negotiate with 192.168.1.99 port 22: no matching host key type found. Their offer: ssh-dss Solution


    ssh rtt@192.168.1.199 Unable to negotiate with 192.168.1.99 port 22: no matching host key type found. Their offer: ssh-dss It looks like the DSS option is not considered secure so when connecting from newer Linux systems to an older one you will get the above error. It can be fixed (but you should consider upgrading your SSH daemon): ssh -oHostKeyAlgorithms=+ssh-dss rtt@192.168.1.199........
  • pcimodules and lspci not working alternative solution


    pcimodules no longer works it produces nothing probably because the format of /sys/bus/pci is different. lspci -k doesn't work on older lspci versions. pciutils can be compiled but it won't work if you have an old system and compile on a newer glibc. iteriate through /sys/bus/pci/devices/*/modalias cat /sys/bus/pci/devices/*/modalias pci:v00008086d00001237sv00000000sd00000000bc06sc00i00 pci:v00008086d00007000sv0000000........
  • How to disable Google Fonts in Wordpress


    edit theme css: Click "Appearance -> Editor -> Stylesheet" http://yourblog.com/wp-admin/theme-editor.php?file=style.css&theme=twentysixteen textarea { color: #1a1a1a; /*font-family: Merriweather, Georgia, serif;*/ font-family: "Lucida Sans Unicode", "Lucida Grande", sans-serif........
  • cannot mount kvm ntfs image


    guestmount -a kvmuserscra.img -m /dev/sda1 mount libguestfs: error: mount_options: /dev/sda1 on / (options: ''): mount: unknown filesystem type 'ntfs' guestmount: '/dev/sda1' could not be mounted. guestmount: Did you mean to mount one of these filesystems? guestmount: /dev/sda1 (ntfs) guestmount: /dev/sda2 (ntfs) yum -y install ntfs-3g still........
  • css responsive images


    add this style="background-size: contain;max-width: 100%; height: auto;" to your img code. Example: ........
  • responsive table without changing much code solution


    So you've got a responsive site with tables but it breaks them so anything not viewable on the screen is now cut off. Here is a simple solution that will allow users to scroll horizontally so they can see the whole table: &........
  • PHP Migration from 5.3 to 5.4+ and dealing with deprecated functions


    Upgrading from PHP 5.3 to 5.4+ there are many challenges basic things like mysql_connect() do not work anymore.........
  • linux cp and mv will not overwrite due to alias!


    This through me for a loop when I would do a cp -rf or mv -f nothing would get overwritten even if piping y or yes to the command. Type alias and you'll see why: alias cp='cp -i' alias l.='ls -d .* --color=auto' alias ll='ls -l --color=auto' alias ls='ls --color=auto' alias mv='mv -i' alias rm='rm -i' The -i is a safeguard against messing things up but however does mess things up worse when you know what........
  • vbulletin 4.2.5 after upgrading from 3.6 white screen fatal php errors


    The code may lead you to believe you have an incompatible template but if you are not trying to use an old template currently that is not the issue. I actually deleted all 3.x style templates to make sure. What the issue is, is old plugins that are not compatible but Vbulletin does not seem to account for this except that you'll see a fatal PHPerror. You should disable all plugins and then enable one by one until you find the one that is causing the issue. &........
  • /usr/bin/supermin-helper exited with error status 1. To see full error messages you may need to enable debugging. See http://libguestfs.org/guestfs-faq.1.html#debugging-libguestfs at /usr/bin/virt-list-partitions line 177.


    virt-list-partitions kvmusertest.img /usr/bin/supermin-helper exited with error status 1. To see full error messages you may need to enable debugging. See http://libguestfs.org/guestfs-faq.1.html#debugging-libguestfs at /usr/bin/virt-list-partitions line 177. #solution update-guestfs-appliance........
  • Disable SSH Password Authentication to Increase Security and Harden SSH Linux Unix Server Ubuntu Mint Centos Debian


    Just a note before you do this you should have a sure, guaranteed way into the system such as local, KVMor preferably publickey making bruteforce SSH absolutely impossible since there is no password to bruteforce and even if someone knew the password they wouldn't be able to login except from the local console (presumably you should make sure no one unauthorized has physical access). 1. Edit /etc/ssh/sshd_config Find the section like this:........
  • Linux Mint/Ubuntu/Debian apt how to downgrade a package


    First of all check to see which version if any you have available for a downgrade: apt-cache showpkg packagename Downgrade/Install old package: apt-get install package=version Example apt-cache showpkg caja Package: caja Versions: 1.10.3-1+rafaela (/var/lib/apt/lists/packages.linuxmint.com_dists_rafaela_import_binary-amd64_Packages) (/var/........
  • Intel NUC Lower Power Green Computing Boxes Review/Comparison of J3160 and J3455 Models


    Intel NUC J3455 vs Vorke V1 J3160 Both are excellent units but the J3160 is nicer if you require even lower power usage (6W vs the Intel 10W). The price is attractive on the Vorke V1 as well. It's been said that the Intel J3455 NUC has a buggy BIOS and some other issues that require attention. The Intel J3455 is still nice because it has 2 RAMslots but it does get hotter due to lack of fan. The Vorke V1 runs cooler, uses less power an........
  • kdenlive titles/text renders as white screen when using .sh script


    When using the .sh script the rendering doesn't work after an upgrade of related packages to kdenlive. kdenlive (kdenlive:amd64 (4:17.04.1+git201705191233~ubuntu16.04.1)) with affine or composite transitions was fine but is now broken during the time of transition it is just a white screen. The previous version was fine: kdenlive:amd64 (4:17.04.1+git201705191233~ubuntu16.04.1 But now I can't find it or install it:........
  • /usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lboost_system-mt-s /usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lboost_filesystem-mt-s /usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lboost_program_options-mt-s /usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lboost_thread-mt-s collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status make: *** [cag


    cagecoin linux compile: sudo apt-get install qt4-qmake libqt4-dev build-essential libboost-dev libboost-system-dev libboost-filesystem-dev libboost-program-options-dev libboost-thread-dev libssl-dev libdb++-dev libminiupnpc-dev Solution: sed -i s/"BOOST_LIB_SUFFIX=-mt-s"/"#BOOST_LIB_SU........
  • ffmpeg Linux Mint download, compile and install howto


    #if you have nvidia make sure you install the nvidia-cuda-toolkit so hardware acceleration can be used wget http://ffmpeg.org/releases/ffmpeg-3.3.2.tar.bz2 tar -jxvf ffmpeg-3.3.2.tar.bz2 cd ffmpeg-3.3.2/ ./configure --disable-yasm install prefix /usr/local source path ........
  • Centos 7 Cudaminer Nvidia setup guide


    I am using a GTX 1060 but replace the download for the driver with the correct/current version for your particular card by visiting: http://www.nvidia.com/Download/index.aspx?lang=en-us yum install automake curl openssl-devel libcurl-devel gcc gcc-c++ yum -y install kernel-devel-`uname -r` yum -y install unzip #the........
  • USB 3.0 PCI x1 Card Review VIA VL805 on Linux Review and Experience


    This is a VIA made VL805 USB 3.0 Chipset with 4-ports and MOLEX powered. First of all this unit was cheap at about only 9 USD with fast shipping. My biggest concern was if this was a quality unit and would it really give you full USB 3.0 speeds (some people reported with similar cards that for some weird r........
  • cudaminer freezes Linux Mint taints kernel


    When running cudaminer once it tries to initialize the card the entire screen freezes. The computer itself is still running but the Xorg is done for, you cannot even switch to another console window and must reboot (even an mdm or Xorg restart does not help). At first cudaminer will give you these errors: stratrum_recv_line failed ...retry after 15 seconds GPU #0: Geforce 210 with compute ca........
  • USB Device/MP3 Player not working properly and can't browse the device filesystem? Check the cable twice and again!


    Here is a simple MP3 player and now there's a reason to understand why the supplied cable has some kind of capacitor and is very short. These devices can be VERY finicky and any voltage fluctuation or difference is enough to cause issues. Take for example the error messages from Linux Mint: [804829.895414] usb 1-1: USB disconnect, device number 11 [806961.109030] usb 1-1: new high-speed USB device number 12 using xhci_hcd........
  • Openshot 2.2 is very unstable always crashing in Linux Mint 18.1!


    Jun 1 15:45:42 videoeditor-desktop org.mate.panel.applet.MintMenuAppletFactory[1882]: project_data:INFO Missing folder chosen by user: Jun 1 15:45:42 videoeditor-desktop org.mate.panel.applet.MintMenuAppletFactory[1882]: project_data:INFO Removed missing file: MAH02949.MP4 Jun 1 15:45:57 videoeditor-desktop org.mate.panel.applet.MintMenuAppletFactory[1882]: ui_util:WARNING Icon theme media-playback-start not found. Will use backup........
  • Track 01: 34 of 1726 MB written (fifo 100%) [buf 99%] 3.6x.Errno: 5 (Input/output error), write_g1 scsi sendcmd: cmd timeout after 1.897 (40) s CDB: 2A 00 00 00 44 A9 00 00 1F 00 resid: 6144 cmd finished after 1.897s timeout 40s write track da


    These errors believe it or not are simply because of not being the root user or running with sudo! However if you didn't know to try as root you'd think there was a problem with your burner or disc Essentially it looks like without root you cannot send the required scsi commands to continue writing. Ithink cdrecord should have built-in tests or safeguards to see if it has the permissions to run the required commands. I guess for more advanced users the idea is simila........
  • Linux Mint Install Netboot PXE Guide Howto


    *Update so this doesn't work it must be something to do with the path of nfs or something else but the installer fails with "Installer crashed" at the end whereas with the CD/USB it works. This assumes you've already installed and configured a separate PXE/DHCP server somewhere else and your /tftpboot directory is setup. This is for Linux Mint 18.1 but generally applies to most versions although you may have tro change things like "casper"........
  • xdebug easiest howto get going


    Just make sure you have php-xdebug installed and edit your php.ini: [xdebug] xdebug.profiler_enable = 0 xdebug.profiler_enable_trigger = 1 xdebug.profiler_output_dir = "/tmp/xdebug/" xdebug.output_name = "cachegrind.out.%t-%s" Also make and set permissions on /tmp/xdebug: mkdir /tmp/xdebug chmod 777 /tmp/xdeb........
  • [warn] RSA server certificate is a CA certificate (BasicConstraints: CA == TRUE !?) - Apache Error Solution


    Does this mean? [warn] RSA server certificate is a CA certificate (BasicConstraints: CA == TRUE !?) Basically it means you created your SSL Certificate as a CA the wrong way, usually with this command: openssl req -new -x509 -nodes -days 1530 -out server.crt -keyout server.key How can you fix it and do it properly? Step 1.) Make a new Private KeyCreate server pass key:........
  • text to speech for Linux


    espeak - is horrible and sounds very old and robotic echo "hello there"|espeak #don't know how to use mbrola and plugins cicero jovie just seems to be a graphical interface to espeak There is also sbreader/sapi Google's Text To Speech Works Quite Well #!/bin/bash say() { local IFS=+;/usr/bin/mplayer -ao alsa -really-quiet -noconsolec........
  • PHP Parse error: syntax error, unexpected '[' in phpBB3/vendor/react/promise/src/functions.php on line 15


    The solution is simple this happens if you don't meet the requirements. In my case PHP 5.4 was required but I had PHP 5.3 installed. Once I installed a newer version the install of PHPBB was successful.........
  • Migrating from Linux Mint 17.2 mdadm RAID array to a new one (because I upgraded to larger drives).


    1.) Replicate the number of partitions in your new drives. gdisk /dev/sda gdisk /dev/sdb I created 3 partitions of the same same size. partition #1: +1G (/boot) partition #2: +60G (swap) partition #3: rest of it (/) #note if you are using GPT/gdisk you need to create separate a partition at least 1MB in size (in my case I would a 4th partition and mark it type ef02).........
  • Linux SAMBA does not work with symlinks


    At first I thought it's just not possible but there is actually an option that can be enabled to make symlinks work with Samba. Then I put this under the [global] section Note: It's "wide links" and not "wide symlinks" (some other sites have incorrect info which was a frustrating waste of time :)) Add this to your smb.conf follow symlinks = yes wide links = yes unix ex........
  • yum Packages skipped because of dependency problems:


    Solution: yum -y install --skip-broken package-you-want-to-install Packages skipped because of dependency problems: php56w-mysql-5.6.30-1.w6.x86_64 from webtatic Error: Multilib version problems found. This often means that the root cause is something else and multilib version checking is just pointing out that there is........
  • Using a proxy with yum in Centos 6


    Could not retrieve mirrorlist http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=6&arch=x86_64&repo=os error was 12: Timeout on http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=6&arch=x86_64&repo=os: (28, 'Operation too slow. Less than 1 bytes/sec transfered the last 30 seconds') Error: Cannot find a valid baseurl for repo: base You would think this should be fine and simple like using a proxy with most other software? However........
  • sshd[10470]: Authentication refused: bad ownership or modes for directory /root


    This can be a case of bad permissions or modes as the error says. Normally one would assume permissions but often a script may change ownership of /root to something else. This was the case half the time I've encountered this. So in short make sure ownership is correct chown -R root.root /root........
  • Unable to mount location Failed to retrieve share list from server: No such file or directory solution


    Cannot even "Browse Network" when clicking on "Windows Network" Unable to mount location Failed to retrieve share list from server: No such file or directory logs: [2017/02/14 00:16:44.271314, 0] ../source3/nmbd/nmbd.c:58(terminate) Got SIGTERM: going down... [2017/02/13 17:35:41.797944, 0] ../lib/util/become_daemon.c:124(daemon_ready) &........
  • DRBD Split-brain solution


    Uh oh [17925926.174277] block drbd0: Handshake successful: Agreed network protocol version 96 [17925926.174325] block drbd0: conn( WFConnection -> WFReportParams ) [17925926.174342] block drbd0: Starting asender thread (from drbd0_receiver [1682]) [17925926.174432] block drbd0: data-integrity-alg: [17925926.174581] block drbd0: drbd_sync_handshake: [17925926.174586] block drbd0: self 2AAE66AF9252D6DB:2815BF........
  • How to Properly Secure SSL/TLS Apache Settings against Heartbleed Poodle (TLS) Poodle (SSLv3) FREAK BEAST CRIME


    Many users still are not aware but simply patching OpenSSL does not secure you against many known and easy to exploit attacks that will render your encryption useless by an attacker. Use the following setings in /etc/httpd/conf.d/ssl.conf SSLCipherSuite "EECDH+ECDSA+AESGCM EECDH+aRSA+AESGCM EECDH+ECDSA+SHA384 EECDH+ECDSA+SHA256 EECDH+aRSA+SHA384 EECDH+aRSA+SHA256 EECDH EDH+aRSA !CAMELLIA !SEED !3DES !RC4 !aNULL !eNULL !LOW !MD5 !EXP !PSK !........
  • Setting Up System for First Use... Please Wait... - WHMCS Installer


    This happens sometimes that it takes a fair amount of time for some WHMCS installations but it usually ends up completing eventually.........
  • ERROR 2013 (HY000): Lost connection to MySQL server during query


    The solution is simple but strange, if you copy your /var/lib/mysql directory to another server and think it will work, be sure to check if you have /var/log/mysql and binary log files. If you do, the server will not work and will give you errors like below and crash without the proper log files. UPDATE user SET password=password("newpass") WHERE user='root'; flush privileges; ERROR 2013 (HY000): Lost connection to MySQL server durin........
  • PayPal Subscription Howto Creation Automatic Payments Manual


    An easy way to pay companies and friends/family since PayPal does not have an option when sending money to make it a subscription: "business" = The e-mail or PayPal ID of the person/organization to pay to. a3 The recurring amount "eg. 115" will be 115 USD p3 The time period (eg. 2) t3 Unit of time period m=monthly,w=weekly,y=yearly item_name = "the note/product service reason you are paying ha........
  • remove gpt partition linux


    sudo fdisk /dev/sdh WARNING: GPT (GUID Partition Table) detected on '/dev/sdh'! The util fdisk doesn't support GPT. Use GNU Parted. WARNING: The size of this disk is 8.0 TB (8001563221504 bytes). DOS partition table format can not be used on drives for volumes larger than (2199023255040 bytes) for 512-byte sectors. Use parted(1) and GUID partition table format (GPT). The device presents a l........
  • iptables how to forward localhost port to remote public IP


    iptables -t nat -A OUTPUT -m addrtype --src-type LOCAL --dst-type LOCAL -p tcp --dport 3306 -j DNAT --to-destination ip.ip.ip.ip iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -m addrtype --src-type LOCAL --dst-type UNICAST -j MASQUERADE sysctl -w net.ipv4.conf.all.route_localnet=1 Make sure you substitute "ip.ip.ip.ip" for your real public IP and also the "--dport 3306" for the port you want to forward. Finally run the sysctl command and........
  • OpenVZ Solution CPT ERR: c02fa000,73 :CPT: lock fd is closed incorrectly: 1 and vps-net_add ERROR: Unable to add route ip route add 192.168.5.2 dev venet0


    The only solution after trying many suggestions was to simply restart the "vz" service (definitely not preferable). Even doing an ifdown and ifup for venet0 did not help. ifup venet0 Bringing up interface venet0: Configuring interface venet0: net.ipv4.conf.venet0.send_redirects = 0 RTNETLINK answers: Network is down Some errors from log: CPT ERR: d2dc60........
  • /dev/drbd0: State change failed: (-2) Need access to UpToDate data solution


    Everytime I've seen this error "/dev/drbd0: State change failed: (-2) Need access to UpToDate data" it is because DRBD has no disk: cat /proc/drbd version: 8.3.13 (api:88/proto:86-96) GIT-hash: 83ca112086600faacab2f157bc5a9324f7bd7f77 build by root@sighted, 2012-10-09 12:47:51 0: cs:Connected ro:Secondary/Secondary ds:Diskless/Inconsistent A r----- ns:0 nr:0 dw:0 dr:0 al........
  • forcedeth MCP55 Nforce3600 Nvidia Network NIC Card Not working in Linux at 1gigabit speeds


    Now many people report this card simply not working in various Linux distros and kernels. My issue is different, it always works at 100mbit (eg. plugged into a 100mbit switch) but no matter what 1000M/gigabit switch I would try, it would never work. The link would be up (the lights were on) and the OS detected the link as being up as well but it wouldn't work at all and could not pass data in or out (not even a ack/ping). There is one simple solution and command........
  • DRBD Slow Performance - 99.99 % [jbd2/drbd0-8] highiowait solution


    Tired of checking iotop and seeing that your drbd partition is using 99.99% of io all the time and finding your drbd device performs slow in general? This is especially an issue in versions of DRBD in the 8.3 tree in particular one documented case is on "8.3.13" but it likely applies to other devices. The symptoms are that resyncing is fine and normal but any reasonable amount of activity is very slow and lagged and creates a high server load and con........
  • Linux Mint 17 How to Enable File Sharing Option in File Manager


    I still cannot understand how this would not be enabled by default and I struggled to find the reason why with manually installing samba etc.. wondering why the option for sharing was not in the menu. On Linux Mint "MATE" the package is called "caja-share" and on Cinnamon it is called "nemo-share" so edit the below command as necessary: *Also note that the "samba" package is necessary as it is not inst........
  • OpenVZ Error: Failed to load 2nd level quota solution


    Syncing private Live migrating container... Syncing 2nd level quota 11000: invalid option -- F Usage: vzdqload quotaid [-c file] commands Loads user/group qouta information from stdin into quota file. -c file use given quota file Commands specify what user/group information to load: -G grace time -U disk limits........
  • Openvz error solutions Container already locked (error) can't lock quota file, some quota operations are performing for id 1200


    rm /vz/lock/1200.lck rm: remove regular file `/vz/lock/1200.lck'? y vzctl start 1200 Container already locked vzctl start 1200 Starting container ... vzquota : (error) can't lock quota file, some quota operations are performing for id 1200 vzquota on failed [7] vzquota off 1200 vzctl start 1200 vzquota on 1200 root@rttbox ~]# vzquota off 1200 vzquota : (........
  • Openvz kernel: [10186978.064405] TCP: time wait bucket table overflow (CT3)


    kernel: [10186978.064405] TCP: time wait bucket table overflow (CT3) Varying opinions are out there but in general it seems like the most common culprit is a lack of privvmpages, with a modern OpenVZ system the best way is to set privvmpages as equal to what your RAM is and this has resolved the messages on another system. If it's truly a TCP issue you can adjust the following parameters:........
  • mysql_real_escape_string returns an empty string solution


    This is a common mistake but many people do not realize this function comes from mysql itself, so therefore you need an active mysql connection open. Usually the string will be empty and null when you call it from outside of the database connection portion of your code. eg. an example of the wrong way and creating a null/empty string $var = mysql_real_escape_string($myself) mysql_connect(); // returns n........
  • Centos and obfsproxy install errors


    pip install obfsproxy /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/packages/urllib3/util/ssl_.py:90: InsecurePlatformWarning: A true SSLContext object is not available. This prevents urllib3 from configuring SSL appropriately and may cause certain SSL connections to fail. For more information, see https://urllib3.readthedocs.org/en/latest/security.html#insecureplatformwarning. InsecurePlatformWarning You are using pip version 7.1.0, however version 8.1.1 i........
  • vps windows 2008 datacenter error code 0xc004c020


    Does anyone have any suggestions on how to handle this error code? It is for a client who has a Windows 2008 R2 Datacenter License and wants to install virtual instances on the same host.........
  • Cannot load /etc/httpd/modules/mod_file_cache.so into server: /etc/httpd/modules/mod_file_cache.so:


    Stopping httpd: [FAILED] Starting httpd: httpd: Syntax error on line 73 of /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf: Cannot load /etc/httpd/modules/mod_file_cache.so into server: /etc/httpd/modules/mod_file_cache.so: cannot open shared obje........
  • Apache SSL Reverse Proxy Very Slow Solution


    This is a simple fix but not a simple problem and it still doesn't make sense to me. But in a nutshell if your target proxy server works fast when accessing directly over SSL then this may be your issue. It seems SSL does not play nicely when the target proxy destination/host has a riduculously long key (such as 8192 bits long). Now this is normally not a problem, in fact the target server could be accessed with hardly any delay directly despite such a long key.........
  • Linksys E2500 DD-WRT Upgrade Instructions and Enabling 5ghz with Tomato Firmware


    1.) Flash directly to this file: http://tomato.groov.pl/download/K26RT-N/build5x-132-EN/Linksys%20E-series/tomato-E2500-NVRAM60K-1.28.RT-N5x-MIPSR2-132-Max.zip *I was never able to get the larger "Mega" file to work, at least not initially so I recommend the file above. To enable 5ghz I had to do the "Clear NVRAM" Option before it was shown. 2.) Or if you don't need 5ghz (most devices do not support it and cannot........
  • vi Debian Linux Ubuntu Mint arrow key problem linux ssh bash shell terminal


    Debian/Ubuntu vi keyboard problem, up and down arrows do not work and instead make an A (Up), B (Down), C (Right) or D(Left). The working solution (you could also add the set nocompatible to /etc/vim/vimrc to make it system wide-will not be applied until reboot I believe): echo "set nocompatible" > ~/.vimr........
  • Is this partition table correct starting and ending partition on same cylinder?


    Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdc1 1 132 1060256+ fd Linux raid autodetect Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary. Partition 1 does not start........
  • Avocent 8020 KVM Java Icedtea Viewer


    This command in Debian/Ubuntu/Mint will get everything need installed for most Java based KVM viewers: sudo apt install icedtea-netx The following additional packages will be installed: ca-certificates-java icedtea-netx-common openjdk-8-jre openjdk-8-jre-headless It seems every other updated version of Java or Icedtea breaks things and I will save the frustration of Java for another post.........
  • Centos installing grub problems suspect gpt problem


    grub> root (hd0,0) root (hd0,0) Filesystem type is ext2fs, partition type 0xfd grub> setup (hd0) setup (hd0) But if you do: root (hd1,0) setup (hd1) it does work, I think hd0/sda had a GPT partition that was not removed properly (what I did was just dd bs=512 count=1 the partition table from another drive since the partition table should be identical). Checking if "/boot/grub/........
  • bash scripting for loop set number of iterations


    A handy trick in bash that can be adapted to many useful tasks: for i in {1..99}; do echo $i done 1 2.. 97 98 99 100 Another tricky is if you need a 0 in front of the first letters: for i in {1..12}; do if [ $i -lt 10 ]; then i=0"$i" fi echo $i........
  • linux bash mass rename tool Centos/Debian/Ubuntu


    Say you have a bunch of files like this: file-01.jpg file-02.jpg ............... What if you want to mass rename them? the rename tool can work just like sed For Debian based distros: Note "file" is what we search for and "newname" is what we replace it with, so substitute according to your requirements. rename s/file/newname/ name-file-*.jpg For R........
  • How to manually mount Linux disk image partition without using losetup


    In this case we want to mount partition #2 fdisk -lu Centos-6.6-x86_64.img You must set cylinders. You can do this from the extra functions menu. Disk Centos-6.6-x86_64.img: 0 MB, 0 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 0 cylinders, total 0 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Device Boot&nbs........
  • Debian 8 Jessie in Linux OpenVZ Container does not work on Centos host


    It sounds like this is corrected in later versions of the OpenVZ kernel but Iam not sure, it may also be that a much newer kernel is needed and Centos may not have a recent enough kernel. *Debain 7.0 however does work fine as a temporary fix or work around. Debian 8 OpenVZ no IP and networking not working: lo Link encap:Local Loopback  ........
  • mdadm real example of recovery and rebuilding of the array on Centos 6


    In this example we have 2 drives in a RAID array and /dev/sdb is the one that failed. /dev/sda1 is also the /boot partition which we tell grub to install on /dev/sdb eg install root (hd0,0) /dev/sda1 on the new drive /dev/sdb (hd1) First copy the partition table from /dev/sda to /dev/sdb dd if=/dev/sda of=/dev/sdb bs=512 count=1 Run partprobe to detect the new partition table partprobe........
  • Centos 6 how to guide convert LVM non-RAID into mdadm 1/10 RAID array live without reinstalling


    Here is the scenario you or a client have a remote machine that was installed as a standard/default minimal Centos 6.x machine on a single disk with LVM for whatever reason. Often many people do not know how to install it to a RAID array so it is common to have this problem and why reinstall if you don't need to? In some cases on a remote system you can't easily reinstall without physical or KVM access. So in this case you add a second physical or disk or already ha........
  • Centos cannot login by console or ssh session closed immediately


    In my case I could login with the initial install but I rsync'd everything over while preserving ownership and permissions to another RAID partition and booted from that.was fine before. The problem is that you are kicked out the second you login and the problem was SELINUX for some reason (perhaps it noticed something strange when it was moved to the new partition) login: pam_unix(login:session): session opened for user root by LOGIN(uid=0) login: ROOT LOG........
  • openvz yum problem Centos 6.5 cannot find file on mirror:


    #solution Edit /etc/yum.repos.d/openvz.repo For the first two entries comment out #mirrorlist and uncomment #baseurl and then it worked openvz yum problem Centos 6.5 cannot find file on mirror: yum update Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Determining fastest mirrors * openvz-kernel-rhel6: mirrors.ustc.edu.cn * openvz-utils: mirrors.ustc.edu.cn base ........
  • Virtualbox errors on Ubuntu/Debian/Mint


    The solution was to reinstall the vbox dkms package and do a manual modprobe of the modules it makes. I never sorted out the unable to start due to the USB issue, I did have the guest additions installed but the only way to boot was to change the pointing device from USB to PS2 and then to disable the USB controller (if your pointing device is set as USB, disabling USB will not work because it will re-enable by default when it sees your pointing device is USB, this is w........
  • clamav freshclam out of date won't update solution


    freshclam ERROR: Can't open /var/log/clamav/freshclam.log in append mode (check permissions!). ERROR: Problem with internal logger (UpdateLogFile = /var/log/clamav/freshclam.log). Tue Oct 13 13:49:35 2015 -> WARNING: Incremental update failed, trying to download daily.cvd Tue Oct 13 13:49:35 2015 -> WARNING: Can't download daily.cvd from db.local.clamav.net Tue Oct 13 13:49:35 2015 -> Trying again in 5 secs...........
  • Installing zoneminder on Ubuntu/Debian Linux Howto


    sudo apt-get install zoneminder [sudo] password for one: Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required: libuser-perl python-evince kdebase-apps kwrite unixodbc libgnomeprint2.2-data python-soappy vgabios python-metacity hddtemp python-mediaprof........
  • Centos/obfsproxy errors


    I never did get it working, it is too bad as obfsproxy should really be an option and integrated into the OpenVPN client and server or something similar: yum -y install python-pip python-devel No package python-pip available. #install the EPEL repo python-pip install obfsproxy python-pip install obfsproxy -bash: python-pip: command not found pip install obfsproxy &........
  • ssh session and port forward or reverse port matching or assocation howto


    Use netstat with the -anpe option. The e option shows the inodes and I do not know if it will always work or if it was by fluke but I was dealing with dozens of SSHsessions and needed to know which session was related to which forward (the PIDs of the SSHand SSHD did not match etc...) Notice the "59560675" and "59560762" those are almost identical, if you find two sets that are nearly identical except for the last 3 digits they may match (in my ca........
  • HP Procurve Switch 2824 CLI Telnet Experience , Guide and Tutorial


    ------------------------------------- ProCurve J4903A Switch 2824 Software revision I.10.77 Copyright (C) 1991-2009 Hewlett-Packard Co. All Rights Reserved. RESTRICTED RIGHTS LEGEND Use, duplication, or disclosure by the Government is subject to restrictions........
  • HP XW9400 Motherboard In Desktop Issues


    Fortunately the format is EATX so an EATX case will work and the screw layout is standard. You will need to remove the HEX/TORX screws that are connecting the stock HP standoffs (meant to slide into an HP case). XW9400 Motherboard Issues Size: 12" x 13" Proprietary Power Connector Proprietary CPU Power Connector Proprietary Memory Power Connector Fan connectors are 4 pin so you will need some kind of adapter.........
  • bash string substitution


    so in this case we have files named like this: track01.cdda.wav.mp3 track06.cdda.wav.mp3 track11.cdda.wav.mp3 track02.cdda.wav.mp3 track07.cdda.wav.mp3 track12.cdda.wav.mp3 track03.cdda.wav.mp3 track08.cdda.wav.mp3 track13.cdda.wav.mp3 track04.cdda.wav.mp3 track09.cdda.wav.mp3 track05.cdda.wav.mp3 track10.cdda.wav.mp3 but we want to rename them so they are like "05.........
  • Unable to configure RSA server private key SSL Library Error: 185073780 error:0B080074:x509 certificate routines:X509_check_private_key:key values mismatch


    [Tue Jun 23 02:05:52 2015] [error] Unable to configure RSA server private key [Tue Jun 23 02:05:52 2015] [error] SSL Library Error: 185073780 error:0B080074:x509 certificate routines:X509_check_private_key:key values mismatch The above is an accurate description of what is wrong. In our case the client made a simple mistake of thinking the localhost.crt and localhost.key (default key locations for Apache SSL in Centos) were in the same directory but they we........
  • Lost connection to MySQL server during query [2013]


    This happened while trying to delete several thousand users from phpBB and basically corrupted the innoDB tables. InnoDB: Page lsn 3 881164362, low 4 bytes of lsn at page end 881164362 InnoDB: Page number (if stored to page already) 86920, InnoDB: space id (if created with >= MySQL-4.1.1 and stored already) 0 InnoDB: Page may be an index page where index id is 700 InnoDB: (index "tid_post_time" of table "phpBBdb2005"."phpbb3_p........
  • No package fuse-encfs available. yum


    It looks like newer versions of Centos no longer have encfs so you have to compile it, only it does not work and fails so those wanting encfs should probably use any other OS which supports it better.........
  • bash script how to do wildcard string comparisons or matching


    This is a feature that works very well in bash and is easy to do: *Remember you need the double brackets for this specific test even though a normal if would not require them variable="hi there" if [[ "$variable" = hi* ]]; then echo "yes it contains hi" fi........
  • VPN Account Buyers Guide and General Info


    What matters most about VPNproviders in 2024? We are highly suspicious of VERYLARGE VPN providers that have LOW PRICES and HUGE DISCOUNTS. The suspicion is that for those who know what costs are involved to purchase thousands of IPs and servers are not small. At the prices that many of the big mainstream providers offer, it is likely unprofitable or barely profitable. Then, how are those companies making money or is that even the goal? There use........
  • How to install grub on virtio KVM with Linux


    I messed up the bootloader by accident on a standard Centos 6.3 install because I turned the /dev/vda1 boot partition into an mdadm raid 1. This was all done correctly aside from one point Ididn't realize was an issue metadata=00.90 is the only thing that will allow you to boot (otherwise grub won't work and you won't boot). So the next step is rescue mode from a CD right? The problem you will find is that grub does not detect your hard drives, this is Ibelieve is be........
  • cPanel How to set SSL and Dedicated IP in cPanel


    Account Functions -> Change Site's IP Address Choose the domain and then click "Change" Choose the new IP 1.) Setup SSL Certificate in cPanel Click on "SSL/TLS Manager" under the "Security" section. 2.) Under " Private Keys (KEY)" Click "Generate, view, upload, or delete your private keys." Choose "Key Size: 4096........
  • OpenVZ vzctl update changes how iptables work - iptables v1.3.5: can't initialize iptables table `nat': Table does not exist (do you need to insmod?) Perhaps iptables or your kernel needs to be upgraded. updated solution


    Are you getting the same old error message even though your iptables settings for OpenVZ are correct? iptables v1.3.5: can't initialize iptables table `nat': Table does not exist (do you need to insmod?) Perhaps iptables or your kernel needs to be upgraded. The reason is because in newer vzctl the old way of setting IPTABLES="" in vz.conf is completely deprecated (I spent some time fiddling wondering why my settings were correct but........
  • Vbox/Virtualbox devices grayed out for non-root user solution


    It is a permissions issue that is hard to fix. All but one USB device is greyed out. I am already a member of "vboxusers" I have already enabled and disabled USB support for the guest. I have already reinstalled the latest VBOx guest editions If running as root it all works fine Changing........
  • Samsung C410W/CLP410W not printing in Linux solution


    You need to use the Samsung driver but specify it as a CLP-360 (this is what I used for my CLP365) and incidentally most of these units look identical on the outside on inside (I've been buying whatever the latest C300 and now 400 unit for years which all seem the same with slightly different features that I never use). The solution Once again try specifying earlier models and revisions if the printer doesn't print (it will say it's been sent to the printer bu........
  • firefox android text size inconsistent large and small text size solution


    This is very annoying and also hard for web developers who want to see how things look on Android. You may be fooled into thinking you have an unclosed bracket or incompatible code but this is the "text inflation feature" which I feel should be disabled by default. It works so inconsitently that one block of text will appear small while the other will be huge and is quite annoying. The solution is simple Settings ->Display and &q........
  • /usr/libexec/mysqld: The table 'session' is full solution


    First of all if you're getting this error it is a result of extreme database activity. If you aren't expecting it or it doesn't make sense to you 99% of the time this is a database driven script being exploited (some common examples I see often are things like phpBB being hit by dozens, hundreds or thousands of bots making constant DB write requests). The easiest way to identify this is to restart MySQL and then run the third party tool "mtop" and you'll see all........
  • Postfix Errors & Solutions "unprivileged": bad value: "???" - bad transport type:


    Aug 25 16:43:24 evohostingtor postfix/master[19471]: fatal: /etc/postfix/master.cf: line 24: field "unprivileged": bad value: "???" Solution: I had the wrong thick dashes when c&ping (just retype them with your keyboard) Aug 25 16:47:10 mailbox postfix/master[24498]: fatal: /etc/postfix/master.cf: line 25: bad transport type: syslog_name=postfix/auth-cleanup auth-cleanup unix n - - - 0 cleanup #-o syslog_name=postfix/........
  • Postfix how to secure outgoing authenticated e-mails for privacy and hide the IP address, mailer and other things


    The most common solution is to use the /etc/postfix/header_checks but this is a big problem. Why is header_checks a problem? Because it does it to all mail whether incoming or outgoing and whether authenticated or not. We of course want as much header information for incoming as we can get for many reasons but many organizations want to secure and make their mail clients as secure as possible. I adapted this solution to the client's custom config, they are configur........
  • Cannot mount iPhone or iPad in Linux


    Unable to mount iPad 4 Unhandled Lockdown error (-4) This is because you need the libimobiledevice-utils package installed and a newer version of it. My older Ubuntu 10.10 uses a version that does not have "idevicepair" which seems to work perfectly and automatically with newer versions of the library. Basically if you install the above library it should be plug and play and if your imobiledevice-utils doesn't have 'idevice........
  • PayPal subscriptions automatically cancelling after creation of profile


    There is a weird quirk with how this works, but there is a variable called "src" that defaults to 0 or disabled if not specified as 1. The default 0 means not to recur billing on a subscription.  It's too bad it's not more obvious anywhere nor is there an explanation or warning during payment or after to both the seller and buyer. Here's a proper subscription code example that does recur and does not cancel........
  • 2CO/2Checkout Howto Enable IPN/Notification Setup & Script Info


    https://www.2checkout.com/documentation/notifications/order-created It shows all the parameters that get passed so you can make a simple script to process it. To enable 2CONotifications you need to do the following: Login Browse to the top right to an icon that looks like a "circle with horizontal lines inside" - Notifications. Enter the appropriate URL for your IPN/Notification processing script (........
  • Thunderbird Error An error occurred while loading or saving configuration information for thunderbird. Some of your configuration settings may not work properly.


    This error seems to happen randomly and especially when trying to send e-mails. Apparently it's a long-standing GNome bug but is also partially the default of Thunderbird depending on who you ask. There is no known fix that I'm aware of except to upgrade gnome and the gvfs package but this is not an option for older versions/distributions. An error occurred while loading or saving configuration information for thunderbird. Some of your configuration settings may not........
  • CPanel Link to all of the command line options


    CPanel says you can access 98% of the functions through CLI which experienced Unix/Linux admins prefer for simplicity and for scripting.  I've never found CPanel easy to use from the admin panel, it seems everything is hard to find and a simple task becomes a series of hunts. So for people like me here's the list: http://cpanel.net/system-administrators/command-line-scrip........
  • phpBB guests unable to view forums without logging in Anonymous account solution


    This is still a weird quirk about phpBB, you can allow everyone+guests to see a forum. What also controls the first layer is this weird built-in "Anonymous" account. You have to actually give that account specific rights to view all the forums or otherwise the above will happen and you'll wonder why your group permissions don't seem to apply.........
  • The Best NoSQL Solution


    To first start off, there are many misconceptions about NoSQL and especially its strengths and weaknesses. Even the popular NoSQL solution MongoDB is fraught with issues that no one seems to be concerned about aside from a few but there are serious issues with database integrity and verified writes. MySQL was considered dangerous or incomplete at one point without having the transactional safety features of Oracle for example. However the NoSQLimplementations seem........
  • mysql how to kill individual process/query


    Enter the console as root mysql -u root -p Then kill the process (where 1234 = the thread ID) kill 1234 It's also a good idea to use a tool like "mtop" to monitor which processes and queries are slow, killing them is a temporary fix while you try to isolate the actual problem.........
  • drbd won't create device if previous partition is on it Command 'drbdmeta 0 v08 /dev/md160 internal create-md' terminated with exit code 40


    This is what fixed it: [root@box13 ~]# dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/md160 bs=512 count=500 Basically you need to wipe out more than just the 512 byte partition table so 512 bytes * 500 is more than enough to make DRBD happy and think the partition is now empty. The reason this happens is because it gets confused when there is a previous partition with data on the device you are using. root@box13 ~]# d........
  • drbd won't sync 8.3.13 on OpenVZ kernel


    I used the matching 8.3.13 utilities and it didn't work but strangely the newer 8.3.16 which makes DRBD complain works just fine. GIT-hash: 83ca112086600faacab2f157bc5a9324f7bd7f77 build by root@sighted, 2012-10-09 12:47:51  0: cs:SyncSource ro:Secondary/Primary ds:UpToDate/Inconsistent A r-----     ns:0 nr:0 dw:0 dr:0 al:0 bm:0 lo:0 pe:0 ua:0 ap:0 ep:1 wo:b oos:5236960   &am........
  • OpenVZ avoid vzctl 4.7 and ploop


    OpenVZ has made vzctl version 4.7 default to using ploop which is a big annoyance.  No one wants it otherwise we'd use Xen or KVM. Make sure to manually specify vzctl 4.6.1 or you will have issues with old scripts breaking since it defaults to using ploop (a single image like Xen/KVM). Here's a list to old versions of vzctl.........
  • Howto Convert Xen Image to KVM


    #count=10000 makes an image of 10000MB make sure your image is at least the same as your existing dd if=/dev/zero of=yourimage.img bs=1M count=10000 # losetup -fv newimage.raw # fdisk -cu /dev/loop0 # kpartx -a /dev/loop0 # dd if= of=/dev/mapper/loop0p1 # e2fsck -f /dev/mapper/loop0p1 # resize2fs /dev/mapper/loop0p1 # a lot of guides tell you to edit /etc/fst........
  • How to Enable RDP Remote Desktop in Windows 2008 Server


    Start -> Administrative Tools ->Server Manager Under "Computer Information" click "Configure Remote Desktop". Under "System Properties" choose the type of "Allow connections" you want. That's all there is to enabling RDP Access in 2008 server.........
  • Enable Multiple RDP Sessions on Windows XP, Vista, 7 Howto


    http://deepxw.blogspot.ca/search/label/Universal%20Termsrv.dll%20Patch The above site has the patch that does this essentialy turning a Desktop Windows into a full fledged RDP server.........
  • Centos Howto Upgrade to PHP 5.3 from 5.2


    It's not as simple as "yum install" as you can see below and it doesn't stop there. yum install php53 Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * rpmforge: mirror.us.leaseweb.net * extras: centos.mirror.rafal.ca * updates: centos.mirror.nexicom.net * base: centos.mirror.nexicom.net * addons: centos.mirror.nexicom.net Setting up Install Process........
  • Gnome Terminal Cannot Open Error "There was an error creating the child process for this terminal" "Failed to create pipe for communicating with child process (Too many open files)"


    There was an error creating the child process for this terminal Failed to create pipe for communicating with child process (Too many open files) I get this when trying to open a new tab or new window even. I've had far more sessions open (literally dozens)before without getting this error.........
  • PHP Warning: imagecreatefromjpeg(): gd-jpeg, libjpeg: recoverable error: Premature end of JPEG file


    I was having an issue with only certain random/jpeg files with the functions imagecreatefromjpeg imagecreatetruecolor and other related ones. This issue was annoying basically it seems like a libgd issue/bug with newer versions of PHP and it was difficult to trace-out. One very useful thing that helped me was using "php-cgi" and passing the query string as an argument eg: php-cgi images.php source=IMG.jpg (that way you get all the error messages wh........
  • Linux Centos 6 Weird Kernel Panic


    Kernel panic - not syncing: Attempted to kill init! Pid: 1, comm: init Not tained: 3.2.51-3.el6.x86_64 #1 Call Trace: panic+0x8c/0x1a2 forget_original_parent+0x34d/0x360 exit_notify+0x12/0x140 do_exit+0x1d8/0x400 do_group_exit_+0x50/0xc0 sys_exit_group+0x12/0x20 system_call_fastpath+0x16/0x1b panic occurred, switching back to text console........
  • cPanel Find/Set Main DNS Servers for Template Howto


    Go to: "Server Configuration" -> Basic cPanel & WHM Setup Scroll to: "Nameservers" (at the bottom) From there you can set the names of the nameserver and their IPs. It's very weird and confusing that nothing under IP Functions/DNS has or links to this.........
  • openssh-server has no installation candidate Debian/Ubuntu Solution


    Idon't know why but some installations don't have this in the database by default. To fix it to an: sudo apt-get update;sudo apt-get install openssh-server and then it will work........
  • Fatal error: Out of memory (allocated 6291456) (tried to allocate 7680 bytes)


    Fatal error: Out of memory (allocated 6291456) (tried to allocate 7680 bytes) This is usually caused by Wordpress, Drupal or other ridiculously inefficient CMS' out there, as a temporary fix you can increase PHP's memory limit but it's best to find the actual culprit, by disabling add-ons and other scripts etc...........
  • Asterisk iptables block bruteforce attacks howto with fail2ban


    yum -y install fail2ban vi /etc/fail2ban/jail.conf [asterisk-tcp] enabled = true filter = asterisk action = iptables-multiport[name=asterisk-tcp, port="5060,5061", protocol=tcp] sendmail-whois[name=Asterisk, dest=you@example.com, sender=fail2ban@example.com] logpath = /var/log/asterisk/messages maxret........
  • service monit status monit dead but subsys locked - solution


    service monit status monit dead but subsys locked ........
  • CPanel Log File Locations for access_log,error_log, mysql


    All Errors (CPanel does not report by domain, but puts everything in a single log which Ithink is a bit silly and annoying): /usr/local/apache/logs/error_log Access_Logs They are found within the home directory of the site user eg.: /home/admin/access-logs/yoursite.com MySQL Logs /var/lib/mysql/yourhostname.err........
  • VBulletin Enhanced Captcha / RegSecure not showing/working images solution.


    This happened after a customer migrated their hosting and the issue was being unable to access PHP sessions. Warning: session_start(): open(/var/lib/php/session/sess_3e0oms763m6mrqekdnnmodlhs3, O_RDWR) failed: Permission denied (13) in /register.php(202) : eval()'d code on line 1 Solution:(use the correct ownership/permissions) chown apache.apache -R /var/lib/php........
  • Linux Howto Mount CD/DVD drive for sharing for other users


    sudo mount -o user /dev/sr0 cd You need the "user"option otherwise non-root or non-owners cannot view the CD and this would make it so no anonymous access to the CD/DVD mount would work. Note that most distributions including Ubuntu DONOT work unless you manually mount and share as shown above (Icouldn't find any other way in Ubuntu).........
  • KVM on Centos 6.3 cannot boot FreeBSD 9.2 AMD64


    On the same OS with the same kernels basically I cannot boot FreeBSD installer, I believe the issue is the host CPU. One host runs an Intel and works, while an Opteron 2373 does not work despite suggestions from this thread: http://149.20.54.209/showthread.php?t=36761 I've tried cpu options like "kvm64" "Opteron_G3" and none........
  • MySQL Error : Table 'datastore' is read only Error Number : 1036 solution


    This happens because of a permissions or ownership issue. Generally /var/lib/mysql should be all owned by mysql.mysql (check that). To fix it use chown -R mysql.mysql /var/lib/mysql Also make sure the files are at least readable and writable by mysql (eg. 700).........
  • Sipura / Linksys PAP/VOIP/SIP Adapter Issue Can't receiving incoming phone calls and you're behind a NAT router (99% of people)? solution


    Sipura / Linksys PAP/VOIP/SIP Adapter Issue Can't receiving incoming phone calls and you're behind a NAT router (99% of people)? 1. Login to the adapter. 2. Click on "Advanced" (location varies but usually somewhere on top) 2. Click on "SIP" 3. Scroll down to "NAT" (usually at the bottom). You'll find 2 columns with 4 rows of drop-down boxes (they'........
  • mdadm: Cannot open /dev/sda1: Device or resource busy


    This was caused by some weird dmraid setup which kind of takes control of drives even if they're blank/unused. 1. Check the table. dmsetup table ddf1_44656c6c202020201000006010281f0b3f5195b77cf86172: 0 3905945600 linear 8:0 0 ddf1_44656c6c202020201000006010281f0b3f5195b77cf86172p3: 0 37124096 linear 253:0 284547072 ddf1_44656c6c202020201000006010281f0b3f5195b77cf86172p2: 0 283496448 linear 253:0 1050624 ddf1_44656c6c2020202010........
  • Apache SNI is not needed what is the issue?


    Iread this article and still don't understand the issue. If I understand correctly the client negotiates after the first SSLconnection and then gets the correct hostname and thus correct certificate. http://wiki.apache.org/httpd/NameBasedSSLVHostsWithSNI To their credit I know I'm not using SNIbecuase Iget this message in the Apache log :) [warn] Init: You should not use name-based virtual hosts in conjunction with SSL!! B........
  • [ERROR] Fatal error: Can't open and lock privilege tables: Incorrect key file for table 'user'; try to repair it - Solution


    service mysqld start MySQL Daemon failed to start. Starting mysqld: [FAILED] mysqld_safe cat /var/lib/mysql/server.err 130917 17:57:09 InnoDB: Started; log sequence number 0 0 13091........
  • CPanel suhosin install failed


    /scripts/phpextensionmgr install PHPSuHosin Updating md5sum list Fetching http://httpupdate.cpanel.net/cpanelsync/easy/targz.yaml (connected:0).......(request attempt 1/12)...Resolving httpupdate.cpanel.net...(resolve attempt 1/65)... Fetching http://httpupdate.cpanel.net/mirror_addr_list (connected:0).......(request attempt 1/3)......connecting to 74.50.120.123...@74.50.120.123......connected......receiving...100%......request success......Done........
  • Unixbench Testing


    The first is a dual CPU AMD Opteron 2373EE (4 cores x 2) and I think it did bad because it has some old 250GB SATAs which can only do about 65MB/s max sequential reads. I think it should have blown away the second (AMD X4 640 Quad Core). [root@fs12home unixbench-4.1.0-wht-2]# ./Run make all make[1]: Entering directory `/root/unixbench-4.1.0-wht-2' Checking distribution of files ./pgms exists ./src exists........
  • Dell FS12-NV7 2U Server Information and Guide


    I've got one of these for testing projects from work at home and got more than I bargained for with the time I've spent on it due to the storage handing/Perc 6/i cards. My particular model came with the following: 2U Rack Mount Server with Rails 2xOpteron 2373 EE (Quad Core, there is a 6-core version that can be found at times) 16GB RAM 2 x 250GB Seagate SATA 2 x Dell Perc 6/i (horrible and a nightmare to work........
  • WHMCS CC Encryption Hash


    It is stored in the "configuration.php" file of all places which is annoying andI get questons like this at worke each day.........
  • LSI MegaRAID Adventures, Guide and HowTo


    LSi Megaraid At first it was configured as a RAID 0, then I deleted the Virtual Disk Group. I thought both drives would be shown and detected in Linux as sda and sdb but it actually shows nothing. To make them work you have to hit Ctrl+R before the system boots (when prompted) and create a Virtual Disk Group. In my case I created each one as RAID 0 (with a single drive only) as I just wanted JBOD but there is no such option or default in these Dell Pe........
  • pxe-32 tftp open timeout


    pxe-32 tftp open timeout The solution was to enable tftp in xinetd with "chkconfig tftp on". See the troubleshooting below: chkconfig --list NetworkManager 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off acpid 0:off&n........
  • bash how to read a single line or filenames with spaces solution


    This happens all the time, you are reading from a textfile which has spaces eg: datainfo 00 datainfo 11 If you do loop on it like this: for info in `cat $file`; do echo "info=$info" done It will treat datainfo and 00 as two separate lines: info=datainfo info=00 Obviously that's not what we want and there are many weird solutions in bash bu........
  • Asterisk how to reload extensions from the CLI


    dialplan reload It's really that simple, though some say "extensions reload" but it doesn't work for me, perhaps it depends on the version of Asterisk.........
  • MySQL Show Print List of Field Names only without other data or attributes


    SELECT column_name FROM information_schema.columns W........
  • Asterisk DOS attack - failed for '173.242.117.192' - Peer is not supposed to register [May 23 15:46:07] ERROR[32748]: chan_sip.c:13158 register_verify: Peer '153' is trying to register, but not configured as host=dynamic


    This happened to a customer Asterisk server and it somehow found the ID of the registration account to the upstream SIP server and was railing connection attempts (it filled up the console and there were literally thousands per second). Basically this caused all incoming and outgoing calls to fail. It was a temporary fix but the solution was to block that specific IP, it's hard to stop it 100% because the customer needs the default SIP port.........
  • MySQL my.cnf Server How To Secure/Bind to Localhost and Prevent Outside Connections Solutions


    [mysqld] datadir=/var/lib/mysql socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock user=mysql # Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks symbolic-links=0 bind-address=127.0.0.1 The key is "bind-address", set that to 127.0.0.1 and no one from outside the server can connect.........
  • Country List Names in HTML Select From


    This is useful for developing a lot of applications, I'm putting it here to keep it handy for myself and hopefully others: Choose CountryCanadaJapanUnited StatesUnited KingdomAfghanistan........
  • How to wipe/erase hard drives clean so data cannot be recovered for privacy reasons


    This is something many people and especially businesses worry about, or at least they should. Before throwing away a hard drive, returning a hard drive, or especially Warrantying/RMAing it, you should wipe the drive. Linux provides the "shred" and "dd" utlities which work quite well. It seems even a single pass is good enough but by default shred will do 3 passes. Here's an example of using shred in Linux (I use a custom made distribution from........
  • eth0 changed to eth1 or eth2 and the solution to fix it


    If you move your hard drive(s) around to other computers/servers, you'll find that your eth0 keeps getting higher, the first time it will become eth1 and then eth2 etc and even higher if your server has dual or quad NICs. The reason is that udevd basically assigns eth0 tot he first NIC it finds and remembers it, if it encounters a NIC with a differentMAC, it assigns it one higher (eg. eth1). See the example below, I have eth2 now so how doI fix it?........
  • SSH Can't Login/Hang


    Client Log OpenSSH_4.3p2, OpenSSL 0.9.8e-fips-rhel5 01 Jul 2008 debug1: Reading configuration data /etc/ssh/ssh_config debug1: Applying options for * debug1: Connecting to 192.168.1.253 [192.168.1.253] port 22. debug1: Connection established. debug1: permanently_set_uid: 0/0 debug1: identity file /root/.ssh/identity type -1 debug1: identity file /root/.ssh/id_rsa type 1 debug1: identity file /root/.ssh/id_d........
  • Kernel panic - not syncing: Attempted to kill init! Pid: 1,comm: init Tained: G I------------- 2.6.32-358.el6.x86_64 #1 Call Trace: [] ? panic+0xa0/0x16f [] ? do_exit+0x862/0x870 [] ? fput+0x25/0


    Kernel panic - not syncing: Attempted to kill init! Pid: 1,comm: init Tained: G I------------- 2.6.32-358.el6.x86_64 #1 Call Trace: [] ? panic+0xa0/0x16f [] ? do_exit+0x862/0x870 [] ? fput+0x25/0x30 [] ? do_group_exit+0x58/0xd0 [] ? sys_exit_........
  • Directadmin Log File Locations


    This is a handy link and list of all the relevant Directadmin log files and related servers. http://help.directadmin.com/item.php?id=11 DirectAdmin: /var/log/directadmin/error.log /var/log/directadmin/errortaskq.log /var/log/directadmin/system.log /var/log/directadmin/security.log Apache:........
  • Samsung 4GB 1Rx4 DDR2 PC5300F FBDIMM Running Hot


    sensors|head i5k_amb-isa-0000 Adapter: ISA adapter Ch. 0 DIMM 0:+115.0°C (low = +127.5°C, high = +127.5°C) Ch. 0 DIMM 1: +63.5°C (low = +127.5°C, high = +127.5°C) Ch. 0 DIMM 2: +61.0°C (low = +127.5°C, high = +127.5°C) Ch. 1 DIMM 0: +65.0°C (low = +127.5°C, high = +127.5°C) Ch. 1 DIMM 1: +75.0°C&........
  • How to install GRUB to the MBR of a disk image.


    cat | grub --device-map=/dev/null Now pay close to the attention of the beginning. Type: "device (hd0) VPS.img" this is telling what hd0 will be to GRUB and we're telling it the disk image file "VPS.img" in the current directory is hd0, you can specify alternate paths and image names of course. GNU GRUB version 0.97 (640K lower / 3072K upper memory) [ Minimal BASH-li........
  • kvm cannot boot xen guest using lvm


    This booting error is because the Xen PV guest image uses the Xen kernel, this is not compatible with anything but a host running a Xen kernel. I did a kpartx -av virtual.img and then it created some partitions that showed up in fdisk. I mounted it and did a chroot into it and removed the xen kernel and installed a normal kernel but Xen still shows the same kernel in Grub (only the Xen one). This is strange but it seems like this Xen PV guest has some sort of hidden or........
  • Delete arp entry from Linux Howto


    arp -a syst (192.168.1.122) at 21:96:43:3a:62:a2 [ether] on eth0 arp -d 192.168.1.122 If you get an error do: arp -d 192.168.1.122 -i eth0 Sometimes the arp cache just won't clear either, some say it should automatically but there are cases where the above doesn't work. I believe it may be that some network applications are keeping the entry alive but this is just a guess.........
  • Howto Copy/Backup/Restore All Firefox Settings/Preferences/Addons/Bookmarks to another computer/desktop


    I've used rsync again for this because I found it very simple, I've only excluded the Cache directory since it's not necessary and could be several GB in size. rsync -Phaz --exclude=Cache/* user@remotehost.com:/home/user/.mozilla/firefox/profile.default/* /home/user/.mozilla/firefox/ec1n9opl.default/ This is a great way once again to get going how you were on the old/remote computer fairly quickly. It even restores all of your history in........
  • Thunderbird How-To Copy/Backup/Restore Accounts and Settings to Another Computer


    The best way is to use rsync, I've set it up so it doesn't copy unnecessary files, or at least ones I'm sure aren't needed. Here is the rsync command Iused (adapt to your specific Thunderbird profile location): rsync -hazv user@remotehost.com:/home/user/.thunderbird/sbrer.default/* /home/user/.thunderbird/4nyb0.default/ --exclude=global* --exclude=Cache --exclude=ImapMail --exclude=Mail This is a great way to get your e-mail accounts going on a new c........
  • Disable SELinux How To Tutorial Solution


    Here is a quick script that works on most Centos versions to disable the virus/SELinux from blocking basic functionality. The first echo 0 statement disables SELinux instantly but it will still be enabled on reboot. The second line disables it permanently. #!/bin/bash #disable SELinux Immediately echo 0 > /selinux/enforce #disable SELinux Permanently sed -i 's/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/g' /etc/selinux/config........
  • KVM/QEMU Base/Template Images and the power they provide


    qemu-img create -b centos.5-8.x86.20120308.qcow2 -f qcow2 ../kvmguests/25000-centos5.8x86.qcow2 Formatting '../kvmguests/25000-centos5.8x86.qcow2', fmt=qcow2, backing_file=centos.5-8.x86.20120308.qcow2, size=10485760 kB -b the source/base image -f format is qcow2 and the location of the destination image What is so special about this? It's even quicker than creating a template with OpenVZ but this is an actual OS. It saves time a........
  • mdadm: /dev/sdb1 not large enough to join array solution


    mdadm --manage /dev/md1 --add /dev/sdb1 mdadm: metadata format 00.90 unknown, ignored. mdadm: metadata format 00.90 unknown, ignored. mdadm: metadata format 00.90 unknown, ignored. mdadm: /dev/sdb1 not large enough to join array md1's first primary member /dev/sda3 has 57394 cylinders while the /dev/sdb1 has 57393 (1 less cylinder) which is why it won't work. fdisk -l /dev/sda3 Disk /dev/sda3: 47........
  • postfix how to send to multiple recipients default limit of 1000


    The size of the message you are trying to send exceeds a temporary size limit of the server. The message was not sent; try to reduce the message size or wait some time and try again. The server responded: 4.5.3 Error: too many recipients. We set this in main.cf: smtpd_client_recipient_rate_limit=0 We didn't specify it before and the default is said to be 0/unlimited and it still didn't change anything.........
  • Centos 5 and OpenVZ won't boot after kernel install


    For whatever reason the current OpenVZ yum repo file enables the RHEL6 version of OpenVZ, why is this bad? Because if you're running Centos 5 it still defaults to using the kernel from RHEL6 which won't work on RHEL5/Centos 5. Ionly realized this after wondering why I couldn't boot into OpenVZ that it was using one meant for RHEL6. To fix the problem you have to edit /etc/yum.repos.d/openvz.repo and disable the "[openvz-kernel-rhel6]" section by changing........
  • ip_conntrack: table full, dropping packet. solution for Linux RHEL/Centos/Debian


    ip_conntrack: table full, dropping packet. A lot of clients I've seen have this issue, it really seems the default level is way too small. Once this connection tracking table becomes full then packets get dropped which is obviously a bad thing. One thing to be mindful of though is that 350 bytes of memory are used per entry so there is some justification for not keeping it too high. However, if you have multiple servers running or high traffic daemons........
  • Samsung Galaxy Note Upgrade to ICS 4.0 microSDHC card not detected/dataloss after upgrading - possible solutions


    I backed up everything in the /mnt/sd_card directory thinking that some dataloss could occur for some reason but purposely left my microSDHC unbacked up thinking that "it won't touch that since it's external" and Samsung's and other manufacturers website even say this (that it won't be affected and not to worry etc). Apparently I was wrong, my microSD was "undetected" and asked to be formatted after the upgrade (there goes 3-months worth of family photos). No........
  • Centos how to upgrade from PHP 5.2 to 5.3 without downtime


    This may sound silly but there will be conflicts/issues with the default Centos repository so you have to use a third party like remi (I prefer not to do this but it's the only option unless you migrate your sites/data to another server or can stand some downtime-not an option IMHOon a production server). You may need to upgrade to PHP5.3 to run Joomla or many other reasons. Your host needs to use PHP 5.2.4 or higher to run this version of Jo........
  • Joomla Error - JFolder::create: Could not create directory


    JFolder::create: Could not create directory Plugin Install: Failed to create directory: This can occur when trying to upload content or when installing themes/templates. It's usually not a permissions issue per say but doing a 777 (which is very insecure) will fix it. But the real problem solution is that the owner of the files is different than the owner of the Apache process/server. Eg. if your Apache is running as user "apache........
  • Directadmin Enable SSL


    It's really silly how DA doesn't enable SSL by default but is otherwise a stable, fast and secure control panel. Here's a copy and paste way of enabling SSL for Directadmin in just a few seconds: *setup SSL openssl req -x509 -newkey rsa:1024 -keyout /usr/local/directadmin/conf/cakey.pem -out /usr/local/directadmin/conf/cacert.pem -days 9999 -nodes That creates the public certificate and private key pair in the location Directadmin expects to fi........
  • pcnet32: eth0: transmit timed out, status 97fb, resetting - NIC card problem solution


    I've encountered this problem before and I believe it may affect other drivers (I could test but I don't have time). This was happening on my custom Linux system with the pcnet32 driver. pcnet32: eth0: transmit timed out, status 97fb, resetting (and some other kernel module tracing in dmesg) Basically it means the card is connected (it shows connected in full duplex etc.. and recognized if the cable is disconnected too) but no packets can be sent or received........
  • LOG: MAIN PANIC failed to expand condition "${if eq {$authenticated_id}{}{0}{${if eq {$sender_address}{$local_part@$domain}{0}{${if match{$received_protocol}{N^e?smtps?a$N}{${perl{checkbx_autowhitelist}{$authenticated_id}}}{${if eq{$received_prot


    I experienced this with CPanel's Exim after an auto-update (a Google of this error produces lots of complaints with few clear solutions). In this case I'll put the solution at the top. Run /scripts/buildeximconf to rebuild the Exim config and it should be fine after that. mail -vs "from test" user@dest.com < .bash_history LOG: MAIN cwd=/root 4 args: send-mail -i -v user@dest.com LOG: MAIN &........
  • Asus VE247H 23.7" Inch LCD/LED Backlit Monitor Dead/Stuck Pixel Policy Complaint


    I've thought for awhile that Asus has been banking on its years old reputation for quality amongst gamers and enthusiasts and I think I'm right. My Asus VE247H Monitor with a supposed 2MS refresh rate has 1 red/stuck/dead pixel but fortunately it can only be seen on a non-true black picture or against a blue screen. I have several Asus products and find they're all of fairly poor quality. First of all their motherboards have given me the most issues of any brand, they te........
  • KVM QEMU and Xen how to mount disk images off-line and access data


    fdisk -lu VPS.img last_lba(): I don't know how to handle files with mode 81ed You must set cylinders. You can do this from the extra functions menu. Disk VPS.img: 0 MB, 0 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 0 cylinders, total 0 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Device Boot Start End ........
  • Xen non-HVM container won't work/boot anymore


    One of my test Centos 5 containers was on a partition that filled up and it threw all sorts of errors and stopped responding but now I can't boot it again anymore. All the console shows is the Linux Penguin on the top left corner and the xm console says "usbcore: registered new driver hub" and has halted there. Centos 5 Xen container stuck/frozen won't boot on "usbcore: registered new driver hub" Another great way of troubleshooting is booting fro........
  • how to exit xen console session from xm


    It sure is annoying when you connect to the console using xm and it locks your shell session. It doesn't really, you just need to know it is "Ctrl + ]" to exit it. Once again to exit an xm console session, press Ctrl + ]........
  • Skype Linux/Ubuntu Sound Echo/Distortion Poor Quality Problem Fix Solution


    This was very annoying but has a simple fix, I had an echo and the voice quality was absolutely horrible (it sounded like tin cans under water) if that helps describe it. It was extremely distorted. The simple Skype sound quality solution Go to "Options" -> "Sound Devices" Disable the "Allow Skype to automatically set my mixer levels" After doing this the sound qua........
  • File /etc/vz/conf/ve-vps.basic.conf-sample not found: No such file or directory - Openvz Error solution


    Stuff like this always happens/breaks after a vzctl update, whether it's new parameters being added or required etc.. File /etc/vz/conf/ve-vps.basic.conf-sample not found: No such file or directory Fix the value of CONFIGFILE in /etc/vz/vz.conf Creation of container private area failed Warning: distribution not specified in CT config, using defaults from /etc/vz/dists/default WARNING: /etc/vz/conf/4400.conf not found: No such file or directory........
  • Ubuntu 10 Nvidia Drivers Not Updated After Kernel Update Solution/How-To Manually Rebuild nvidia kernel modules for Ubuntu


    I dread updating the kernel and rebooting to find the Ubuntu graphics aren't working and you have to manually intervene. This is usually because Ubuntu for whatever reason didn't update the drivers you need (eg. the manually compiled Nvidia Kernel driver that MUST be recompiled for each and every kernel update unfortunately). The most common reason may be that "linux-source" hasn't been installed automatically on my system. I tried to manually reinstall the........
  • What's Needed To Fix Linux


    I really am a Linux fan but my comments here may not show it. Although I'm quite familiar with Linux CLI to administer servers, I find Linux GUI OS's like Ubuntu at times very clunky. This is partially because there's no such thing as a "self-made" Linux from scratch where the UIwas designed by a single team. Linux is made up of several different projects that are generally completely separate and this lack of integratiion is a key issue that makes things f........
  • Drupal/MySQL database error: PDOException: SQLSTATE[42000] [1044] Access denied for user 'db_user'@'localhost' to database 'dbname' in lock_may_be_available() (line 167 of /home/user/public_html/includes/lock.inc).


    PDOException: SQLSTATE[42000] [1044] Access denied for user 'db_user'@'localhost' to database 'dbname' in lock_may_be_available() (line 167 of /home/user/public_html/includes/lock.inc). The username and password were correct but some reason CPanel added the user with no permissions! Edit the user's permissions to include "All" from Cpanel or MySQL and that is the solution.........
  • How To Burn ISO Image using cdrtools/dvdrtools for Linux/Unix Ubuntu/Debian/RHEL/Centos etc..


    It really is as simple as: cdrecord -v dev=/dev/sr0 pathtoyourisoimage.iso -v is for verbose, I prefer it but if you don't you won't see as much output like below (I like to know the details and exactly what's happening) dev=/dev/sr0 specifies the device name of your burner (they say not to use it and to specify some weird annoying device string but using the raw /dev has always worked for me and is how it should have been implemented from the start IMHO)........
  • Ubuntu Suspend Solution Fix blank screen laptop/computer won't come back


    Even in new versions of Ubuntu this happens but for me I found out it was because of one feature under "Power Management". I had "Spindown hard disks when possible" ticked, after disabling that, my computer wakes up from suspension every time now. So if your computer won't unsuspend with any version of Ubuntu/*Nix try disabling the spin down hard disk option as it's obviously the culprit for many situations.........
  • iPhone Restore/Backup Location of Notes and Contact/Address Book


    *Make sure that the ownership is 501.501 or mobile.mobile when copying back (especially if using ssh or sftp as root on the iPhone) otherwise things will break. Eg. the contacts will be blank even after trying to update due to incorrect ownership/permissions. iPhone Notes Location/Restore: /private/var/mobile/Library/AddressBook AddressBookImages.sqlitedb AddressBook.sqlitedb Once you restore the contacts and restar........
  • scp not found - solution


    Some minimal installs of Centos may be missing the scp command, which is actually part of the "openssh-clients" package. scp not found yum install openssh-clients........
  • wget download all files on page/directory automatically recursively


    Have you ever found a website/page that has several or perhaps dozens, hundreds or thousands of files that you need downloaded but don't have the time to manually do it? wget's recursive function called with -r does that, but also with some quirks to be warned about. If you're doing it from a standard web based directory structure, you will notice there is still a link to .. and wget will follow that. Eg. let's say you have files in http://serverip/documen........
  • samba/smbd connection to share problems and solutions


    I'll start by showing some problems in the logs: [2011/08/07 16:22:06, 0] param/loadparm.c:8569(process_usershare_file) process_usershare_file: stat of /var/lib/samba/usershares/movie failed. Permission denied [2011/08/07 16:22:06, 1] smbd/service.c:676(make_connection_snum) create_connection_server_info failed: NT_STATUS_ACCESS_DENIED That means you don't have permission to access the fi........
  • IO/delay and high load when a SATA hard drive dies


    dd if=/dev/sda of=/dev/null creates ever increasing load every second. After minutes the load has moved up to 4.79 I've tried with two different discs in my system. I wonder if it's a delay or problem with the SATA bus because one drive I have connected has recently failed. I notice when drives fail that you get some IO/blocking issue when they don't respond properly. Yes I believe it was, because here's the same disc after removing the dead........
  • ifup eth0 SIOCSIFFLAGS: Cannot allocate memory Failed to bring up eth0 Centos Network won't work after kernel update and reboot


    ifup eth0 SIOCSIFFLAGS: Cannot allocate memory Failed to bring up eth0 This is on a Centos 5.5 machine with OpenVZ kernel 2.6.18-238.12.1.el5.028stab091.1PAE, I updated 3 systems with the same hardware to the same kernel and for some reason the network didn't come back. This only happened once the first time I booted into the new kernel and hasn't happened again but this is a serious issue for those running systems from remote locations such as a datacente........
  • How to view UDP and other protocol connections?


    netstat is weak and can't show udp connections and most other protocols, use "ss" which is what netstat should have been: The "-u" switch stands for udp, here's a list of other options: Usage: ss [ OPTIONS ] ss [ OPTIONS ] [ FILTER ] -h, --help this message -V, --version output ver........
  • Linux Out of Memory OOM Object Killer Solution "Out of memory: kill process 1955 (sshd) score 81 or a child"


    I had a system running a 128MB live CD image with 2.8 gigs of available RAM and the OOM kernel killer went crazy when using dd for more than 8 minutes and kept killing everything. I've read that this is due to a low-memory issue and paging in the kernel and 32-bit systems with lots of RAM. I even enabled swapspace on my LiveCD and the issue happened 25 minutes into dd rather than 8 minutes, so what gives? Also no swap space was ever used! cat /proc/s........
  • How To Test If Your Hard Drive Is Good/Signs of dying hard drive


    I like dd, although it only reads it, usually a read test of the entire disk will uncover if your hard drive is bad in some parts. This is a good thing to do at least once a month, a lot of times bizarre program behavior, laginess and crashing/unnmounting problems etc.. are due to a failing disc and SMART won't know it or indicate a problem: We must also remember there's never a guarantee, I've found that ever since we moved to larger and more platters per drive with 1TB drives........
  • GRUB Solution to error "Error 6: Mismatched or corrupt version of stage1/stage2"


    GNU GRUB version 0.97 (640K lower / 3072K upper memory) [ Minimal BASH-like line editing is supported. For the first word, TAB lists possible command completions. Anywhere else TAB lists the possible completions of a device/filename.] grub> root (hd1,0) Filesystem type is ext2fs, partition type 0xfd grub> setup........
  • How to recover from dead DRBD partition/hard drive in two simple commands


    This assumes that you've at least created the correct partition for your DRBD already. Notice that I am "diskless", that's because either your DRBD partition doesn't exist/has been renamed (eg. sdb becomes sda when sdb dies and you reboot) or because that drive is really actually dead/gone. *If you need to permanently change the partition/device for your resource be sure to edit /etc/drbd.conf on both hosts and reload the config. (replace r0 with........
  • Kernel/make compilation time and how to improve compile times/compile the Linux kernel faster without hardware upgrades


    I thought only a faster CPUand SSDwould help but I already have a Quad-Core CPU and it wasn't being maxed out. The actual tests were performed on an AMD-V enabled 128MB dual core VMWare container though. There is a flag that can be passed to make in order to start multiple threads, by specifying 4 threads I was able to reduce the whole kernel compilation time from scratch by about 50%! (65minutes vs 31minutes!). *Yes I did do a make clean before each co........
  • Linux how to use find recursively to find certain types of files/extensions


    Normally if you're in a certain directory you could do: find *.txt and it will work as expected, but it won't work recursively through child directories, here's the correct way to do it: find . -type f -name *.txt The "-type f" is optional because that means only files, but we could have specified d for directory etc... The above command will work recursively as you'd expect. In that way I find "find" to be un........
  • Apache High CPU Usage Enable Mod_Status Guide Solution - Find Cause of High CPU Usage Script/Domain


    mod_status is a great way to track down the source of high CPU usage and to find what vhost/script is the cause of it. It gives you a live view of bandwith usage, CPU usage, and memory usage broken down by domain/vhost and script/URI. Enable mod_status vi /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf ExtendedStatus On SetHandler server-status Order Deny,Allow Deny from all All........
  • vnstat setup guide/tutorial


    yum -y install vnstat chown nobody.nobody -R /var/lib/vnstat/ #replace venet0 below with your desired interface sudo -u nobody vnstat -u -i venet0 #edit: vi /etc/sysconfig/vnstat #VNSTAT_OPTIONS="-i venet0" # only use the sed below if you are using venet0 instead of eth0 or replace accordingly sed -i 's/eth0/venet0/g' /etc/sysconfig/vnstat [root@monitor]# yum install vn........
  • phpMyAdmin - Error Cannot start session without errors, please check errors given in your PHP and/or webserver log file and configure your PHP installation properly.


    The fix for this was setting the correct permissions in /var/lib/php, it needs to be "root.root" And /var/lib/php/session needs to be "root.apache" to work properly. After that I was able to login to phpMyAdmin as normal. This whole thing happened because I accidentally changed all of /var/lib to root.root.........
  • Are my WDEARS20 Drives dying already?


    This happened during a RAID array check: SMART says both drives pass the test, but I'm doing a long test on them and hopefully this is not a hardware error. Apr 3 04:22:01 remote kernel: md: syncing RAID array md2 Apr 3 04:22:01 remote kernel: md: minimum _guaranteed_ reconstruction speed: 1000 KB/sec/disc. Apr 3 04:22:01 remote kernel: md: using maximum available idle IO bandwidth (but not more than 200000 KB/sec) for reconstruction. Apr........
  • MYSQL Error Can't find file: './wf/Sessions.frm' (errno: 13) Solution


    mysql errors even though these files do exist: 110405 13:21:37 InnoDB: Operating system error number 13 in a file operation. InnoDB: The error means mysqld does not have the access rights to InnoDB: the directory. InnoDB: File name ./ibdata1 InnoDB: File operation call: 'open'. InnoDB: Cannot continue operation. 110405 13:26:15 InnoDB: Operating system error number 13 in a file operation. InnoDB: The error means my........
  • monit example tutorial how to enable status checking and manipulation


    You need to enable the httpd daemon with monit to actually view the status and control, it's not only for the web interface since the httpd is theONLY way of controlling monit and viewing the status. monit monitor all will also reinstate disabled services if they've timed out too much. Just restarting the service will do nothing to re-monitor a service that monit has stopped monitoring due to too many failures. *Also note that /etc/monit.conf i........
  • 2011 Best Laptop - HP 15.6" Laptop featuring AMD Athlon II P340 Processor (G62-420CA)


    My mother needed a new laptop and I recommended her the same one I would have bought myself or my wife, that means the cheapest possible laptop with the most features for the money. This HP shines at this price point and one thing that made me stay away from buying more and recommending HP/Compaq was the poor battery life. Not anymore, this model has an industry leading up to 4 hours of battery life. Key Factors for Choosing It: HDMI Out........
  • pgina can't login after installing


    After Installing pgina I couldn't login to Windows anymore with my blank password Administrator account! An unknown error has prevented your account from being created.nrThis may be due to policy or security settings as well as other machine configuration.nrPlease consult your administrator. Hit F8 to start Windows in Safe Mode and you can login normally and then remove PGina, it shouldn't cause this problem or behavior out of the box.........
  • Drupal 6.2 Install and how to move install to root/non-subdirectory


    drup 6.2 install $cd drupgoodinst3883/ [ drupgoodinst3883]$ ls CHANGELOG.txt cron.php index.php INSTALL.pgsql.txt INSTALL.txt MAINTAINERS.txt modules robots.txt sites update.php xmlrpc.php COPYRIGHT.txt includes INSTALL.mysql.txt install.php LICENSE.txt misc&........
  • Linux High IOWAIT updatedb can't be killed and crash with mdadm


    high IO wait 424 root 39 19 1900 848 552 D 0.0 0.0 0:00.91 updatedb root 424 0.0 0.0 1900 848 ? DN Mar11 0:00 /usr/bin/updatedb -f sysfs?rootfs?bdev?proc?cpuset?binfmt_misc?debugfs?sockfs?usbfs?pipefs?anon_inodefs?futexfs?tmpfs?inotifyfs?eventp........
  • Santrex Review Scam Complaint - Stole My Money Fraud


    Santrex Review/Scam/Complaint Santrex never provided any working server, I believe it was just a dummy management Solus server because the server said it was booted but never connected to the console. I complained to them and eventually the support admitted the server was not working and to wait for 24 hours. I waited for 4-days, after which they sent an e-mail saying my service was being disabled for SPAM ...(when SolusVM shows 0kb of traffic). Th........
  • Virpus Review/Scam/Complaint


    Virpus Review/Scam/Complaint Virpus is advertised on LEB (lowendbox.com). My initial payment was refunded after days of not receiving the VPS, but two subscrption payments went through and Ionly received notification after the second one. They ignored the requests in the ticket and by e-mail for a refund and even escalated the PayPal dispute that "we're assuming this is for a service that was provided" (when they obviously know otherwise by........
  • Apache MPM worker vs prefork


    find what MPM Apache is using, it will either be using "worker" or "prefork" apachectl -l Compiled in modules: core.c prefork.c http_core.c mod_so.c In my case it is "prefork" vi /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf Find the section that looks like this (by default one will normally exist for prefork and for worker, but in my case I only care a........
  • VPS Server Scam/Review/Complaint List


    These are the only two I've encountered but here is the low-end and note my story is not at all unique. In my case I was scammed out of money and did not receive any service at all from either company. Santrex Review/Scam/Complaint Santrex never provided any working server, I believe it was just a dummy management Solus server because the server said it was booted but never connected to the console. I complained to them and eventually the support adm........
  • OpenOffice Calc SUM function not working Solution - Result is always 0/apostrophe appears in front of all numbers.


    I right clicked all applicable cells and chose "number" but that's enough. I notice when I click the cell there is an invisible ' in front of the number: '33.64 Calc imported my CSV and decided to add a ' in front of the numeric currency values!!!*Actually the problem occurs when you right click the cells and change the type from text to number, no matter what format you choose. If I change it to be currency i........
  • Thunderbird/MBOX to IMAP/Maildir migration done easy with mb2md


    Convert MBOX Mail files into Maildir using Linux *You need perl an the TimeDate module Get the free Perl script mb2md from the project/author's site: wget http://batleth.sapienti-sat.org/projects/mb2md/mb2md-3.20.pl.gz gunzip mb2md-3.20.pl.gz #remember you need timedate or you'll get this error: ./mb2md-3.20.pl Can't locate........
  • MySQL NEVER delete ib_logfile0 or ibdata1 or you'll lose data


    don't delete /var/lib/mysql/ib_logfile0 or ibdata1 or mysql won't restart I didn't realize they were internal and not part of replication like the relay files! /usr/libexec/mysqld: ready for connections. Version: '4.1.22-log' socket: '/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock' port: 3306 Source distribution 110127 16:31:00 [Note] /usr/libexec/mysqld: Normal shutdown 110127 16:31:00 InnoDB: Starting shutdown...........
  • Postfix/Any Email Server check for Open Relay


    The first thing you need to remember is not to check from the same host/server itself. This is a silly mistake I made, the reason is that many mailservers and especially postfix are configured to allow relaying from the localhost/same host. If you do that you'll get a false positive. *Make sure you test from another host/system than the mail server itself! telnet yourmailserverhost.com 25 220 Courier (FreeBS........
  • Postfix Enable SSL/TLS with your certificate


    Create Cert & Key: openssl req -new -x509 -nodes -days 1530 -out server.crt -keyout server.key mkdir /etc/mailssl chmod 700 /etc/mailssl cp server.* /etc/mailssl Postfix SSL config Edit /etc/postfix/main.cf: #SSL stuff smtpd_tls_cert_file = /etc/mailssl/server.crt smtpd_tls_key_file = /etc/mailssl/server.key To make smtps w........
  • CPU #1 not responding - cannot use it.


    I think this will be useful to others because I have a server that kept crashing mysteriously during intense disk usage/RAID checks. It would only crash during the weekly RAID integrity check. ThenI noticed during a reboot that not all CPUs were being brought up, as a result this actually creates much higher temperatures with the output I got from sensors, just booting the system produced higher than normal temperatures. You can imagine that a full blown RAID check........
  • Apache Forbidden You don't have permission to access / on this server.


    Forbidden You don't have permission to access / on this server. [Sun Jan 23 15:28:12 2011] [crit] [client 96.44.31.12] (13)Permission denied: /www/vhosts/domain.com/httpdocs/.htaccess pcfg_openfile: unable to check htaccess file, ensure it is readable Solution I've done a chmod 755 .htaccess and index.php and restarted Apache That wasn't the only issue, the issue was the httpdocs direc........
  • named/bind cannot find zone file, load zone files without specifying full directory path/loading master file genuine.com.zone: file not found


    genuine.com/IN: loading master file genuine.com.zone: file not found _default/genuine.com/IN: file not found I always found it silly that no one really talks about this and apparently many like me and even control panels like Plesk were still using hard paths. I always thought "why can't I just specify the name of the zone file and have bind find it". Surely the default search path must be /var/named or somewhere else but there is no such thing.........
  • updatedb/mdadm caused a kernel panic?


    Jan 16 04:02:03 centosbox syslogd 1.4.1: restart. Jan 16 04:07:34 centosbox kernel: INFO: task updatedb:20771 blocked for more than 300 seconds. Jan 16 04:07:34 centosbox kernel: "echo 0 > /proc/sys/kernel/hung_task_timeout_secs" disables this message. Jan 16 04:07:34 centosbox kernel: updatedb D F78BE050 6476 20771 20766&n........
  • ERROR! MySQL manager or server PID file could not be found! ERROR! Manager of pid-file quit without updating file.


    I found the cause of this issue was from all the diskspace being used but clearing it was not enough. Iguess the tables became inconsistent when space ran out and myisamchk is what fixed the rest. service mysqld restart ERROR! MySQL manager or server PID file could not be found! ....................................................................................... ERROR! Manager of pid-file quit without updating file. se........
  • VMWare bridged adapter not working: The network bridge on device vmnet0 is not running. The virtual machine will not be able to communicate with the host or with other machines on your network. Failed to connect virtual device Ethernet1.


    VMWare bridged adapter not working: Message from system: The network bridge on device vmnet0 is not running. The virtual machine will not be able to communicate with the host or with other machines on your network. Failed to connect virtual device Ethernet1. I'm not sure how to fix this but one of the issues is that my eth0 became eth1 after moving my hard drives to a new motherboard. I have run the vmware-config.pl but this did not resolve the issue.........
  • Installing Webmin & Enabling SSL


    Webmin Setup Centos 5: wget http://downloads.sourceforge.net/project/webadmin/webmin/1.530/webmin-1.530-1.noarch.rpm?r=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.webmin.com%2Fstandard.html&ts=1294339690&use_mirror=surfnet [1] 24229 [2] 24230 [root@host ~]# --2011-01-06 21:48:20-- http://downloads.sourceforge.net/project/webadmin/webmin/1.530/webmin-1.530-1.noarch.rpm?r=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.webmin.com%2Fstandard.html Resolving downloads.sourceforge.net... 216.34.181.........
  • Virtualmin/Webmin Postfix Error: The status of your system is being checked to ensure that all enabled features are available, that the mail server is properly configured, and that quotas are active ..


    Virtualmin Postfix Error: The status of your system is being checked to ensure that all enabled features are available, that the mail server is properly configured, and that quotas are active .. A problem was found with your Postfix virtual maps : No map sources were found in the Postfix configuration .. your system is not ready for use by Virtualmin. ........
  • mdadm Centos 5 automatic resync


    This made me nervous but it's clearly a cronjob based on the messages log that happens every Sunday at about 4:22. I actually can't find any evidence of it in cron.d cron.daily but it is there somewhere obviously. What I don't get is why doesn't this cronjob do a datacheck like Ubuntu's cronscript does? When you unnecessarily rebuild the array you lose your redundancy during that point which makes your data extremely vulnerable. *Update I did a grep of &q........
  • mdadm/md-check how to check array integrity without rebuilding


    This doesn't seem to be widely known (maybe it's in some documentation that none of us read though)but there's an easy way to check the integrity of any mdadm array: sudo echo check > /sys/block/md0/md/sync_action -bash: /sys/block/md0/md/sync_action: Permission denied sudo will never work, this only works as root since echo is not actually a binary/command. It is built-into bash. /sys/devices/virtu........
  • Cygwin and crontab backups via ssh/scp/rsync


    Install the "Editors" and "Net" groups that will give you rsync, ssh, ssh-keygen and cron. The trickiest thing that I keep forgetting about each time is you have to run "cron-config" which adds the cron service to Windows, and without doing that obviously no cron jobs will be run thus making automatic backups impossible. Warning about rsync/cygwin and using the -a archive switch. It's a good thing I caught this because it doesn't work ri........
  • md: data-check of RAID array md3


    This really made me nervous but notice the mdstat says "check". This is because in Ubuntu there is a scheduled mdadm cronscript that runs everyday on Sunday at 00:57 that checks your entire array. This is a good way because it prevents gradual but unnoticed data corruption which Inever thought of. As long as the check completes properly you have peace of mind knowing that your data integretiy is assured and that your hard drives are functioning properly (I'........
  • WD EARS Advanced Format Can't be fixed?


    There's no partial WD EARS alignment fix: I had data on /dev/sda3 and /dev/sdb3 (RAID1) so I couldn't edit that one. I thought I'd be smart and try fixing the first two partitions so I set the first one starting at sector 2048 and then +8 for the second partition. This has really slowed the performance down worse than it ever was! Disk /dev/sda: 2000.4 GB, 2000398934016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 243201 cylinders, tot........
  • Ubuntu 10.04/GNOME Volume Control Missing From Panel/Indicator Applet


    What this really refers to is gnome-volume-control-applet which is what controls the volume in the panel/indicator applet. In Ubuntu 10.04 it is just the applet mentioned above, run that from the command line and it will start. I lost mine when I removed pulseaudio trying to fix audio issues with Flash and Opera. It also removes the gnome-volume-control-applet from starting. *Ialso note........
  • mdadm: metadata format 00.90 unknown, ignored.


    mdadm: metadata format 00.90 unknown, ignored. This happens with various versions of older mdadm such as mdadm - v2.6.7.1 - 15th October 2008 It is all because an extra 0 in 00.90 in /etc/mdadm/mdadm.conf that it doesn't like (it doesn't seem to cause any problem except that message though): Solution - Edit your /etc/mdadm/mdadm.conf and change 00.90 to 0.90 in your arrays: ARRAY /dev/md3 level=raid1 num-devices=2 metadata=0.90 UUID=f41a4644:6b2a05f........
  • rsync preserve attributes, permissions/ownership and times without being root non-root user


    One of the purposes of rsync is to backup whole filesystems and archive them but how can you do that properly and restore things to normal if all permissions and ownerships are not preserved from your root filesystem? It's not desirable to have everything running as root, especially not just for an rsync. The Easy rsync preserve permission solution for non-root users sudo is the answer and all you have to do is edit /etc/sudoers At the end o........
  • Ubuntu/Debian DRBD 8.0 Setup Guide


    I've only used it on Centos, soI thought I'd make a quick Debian guide: Install the DRBD Package apt-get install drbd8-utils Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required: libswfdec-0.8-0 Use 'apt-get autoremove' to remove them. The following........
  • VirtualBox Convert Import/Boot .vmdk VMWare Hard Disk/Drive Image Won't Work


    I wanted to Import/Use a .vmdk hard disk image file from VMWare. Generally you can just "point" VirtualBox to it and use it and it will work but I found an exception. One of my Centos 4.4 x64 images wouldn't boot. I had two copies, an older one and the newer one. The older one booted as normal (once I changed the VirtualBox driver to IDE from SATA). The newer one stopped at the "GRUB loading" message no matter what I tried. As far as........
  • yum in Centos 5/Xen halts and exits suddenly


    yum exits in the middle The problem is this VPS seems to be an OpenVZ template from HyperVM. The only way to make it work was to disable i386 packages since this was an x64 kernel. That shouldn't be necessary but it was the only way to make yum stop quitting after the first package or two. I couldn't find any issue by checking the logs either. echo y|yum install vim-minimal telnet expect jwhois net-tools slocate iptables elinks gawk L........
  • yum error with some versions of Centos Refusing to automatically import keys when running unattended. Use "-y" to override.


    Refusing to automatically import keys when running unattended. Use "-y" to override. When using echo y|yum install gcc Fix with rpm --import /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY*........
  • mdadm RAID 1 adventures


    I separated the 2 drives in the RAID 1 array. 1 is the old one /dev/sda and is out of date, while the separated other one /dev/sdc was in another drive and mounted and used with more data (updated). I wonder how mdadm will handle this: usb-storage: device scan complete md: md127 stopped. md: bind md: md127: raid array is not clean -- starting background reconstruction raid1: raid set md127 active with 1 out of 2 m........
  • VirtualBox some USB passthrough devices greyed/grayed out unavailable solution


    The solution is simple but it's a wonder why VBOX doesn't address it directly? Perhaps newer versions will but you have to add your user to the "vboxusers" group and then login and logout and you'll see the devices you wanted but couldn't access are now available. The weird thing is that the grayed out issue doesn't happen with all devcies but one notable thing is the Apple iPhone especially in DFU or Recovery Mode which is an big issue for some people.........
  • EOL for Kubuntu/Ubuntu 8.04 - W: Failed to fetch http://ca.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/intrepid/universe/source/Sources.gz 404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.92.171 80]


    I couldn't figure out whyI couldn't install a simple package. This is what's annoying about cutting edge Debian distros, yes we know you support each license on average for 1-2 years but why take down the supporting binary packages and basically disable the older versions? sudo apt-get install update Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done E: Couldn't find p........
  • Nautilus/GNOME File Manager handy list of extensions


    nautilus-gksu - privilege granting extension for nautilus using gksu nautilus-sendto - integrates Evolution and Pidgin into the Nautilus file manager nautilus-share - Nautilus extension to share folder using Samba nautilus-actions - nautilus extension to configure programs to launch nautilus-bzr - Bazaar (bzr) integration for nautilus nautilus-cd-burner - CD Burning front-end for Nautilus nautilus-clamscan - Antivirus scanning for Nautilus n........
  • PHP CURL SSL won't work or connect


    I spent so much time debugging this, most sites don't tell you a very important option to use with CURL and you will only find out this is the problem by running the PHP script from the command line you get the following output that shows the issue (I don't see any way to get this output from Apache itself). * About to connect() to ip.ip.ip.ip port 25000 * Trying ip.ip.ip.ip... * connected * Connected to ip.ip.ip.ip (ip.ip.ip.ip) port 25000 * succes........
  • Initializing quota ... Error: Not enough parameters, diskinodes quota not set


    Initializing quota ... Error: Not enough parameters, diskinodes quota not set vzctl set $veid --diskinodes 90000:91000 --save New versions of OpenVZ seem to have some strange diskinodes parameter which is required.........
  • NotifyByPopup::slotDBusNotificationClosed: 465 -> 0 knotify(31135) NotifyByPopup::slotDBusNotificationClosed: failed to find knotify id for dbus_id 465


    I keep getting this in my SSH/Bash console: NotifyByPopup::slotDBusNotificationClosed: 465 -> 0  ........
  • mdadm Linux Software RAID QuickStart Guide


    Create New RAID 1 Array: First setup your partitions (make sure they are exactly the same size) In my example I have sda3 and sdb3 which are 500GB in size. mdadm --create /dev/md2 --level=1 --raid-devices=2 /dev/sda3 /dev/sdb3 mdadm: array /dev/md2 started. Check Status Of The Array *Note I already have other arrays md0 and md1. You can see below that md2 is syn........
  • Installing Virtualbox on Centos 5.5


    wget http://download.virtualbox.org/virtualbox/3.2.8/VirtualBox-3.2-3.2.8_64453_rhel5-1.i386.rpm rpm -i http://download.virtualbox.org/virtualbox/3.2.8/VirtualBox-3.2-3.2.8_64453_rhel5-1.i386.rpm error: Failed dependencies: libGLU.so.1 is needed by VirtualBox-3.2-3.2.8_64453_rhel5-1.i386 libSDL-1.2.so.0 is needed by VirtualBox-3.2-3.2.8_64453_rhel5-1.i386 libXmu.so.6 is needed b........
  • Linux Kernel Freeze/Hang during boot on io scheduler cfq registered (default)


    You'll see the following and the boot process will freeze: io scheduler noop registered io scheduler anticipatory registered io scheduler deadline registered io scheduler cfq registered (default) I have struggled with this issue on vari........
  • Ubuntu 10.04 Linux is still not ready for the Desktop world


    I am a huge fan of Linux and the idea of OpenSource but I've said it many times, there are still hurdles in today in 2010 for Linux as a Desktop. Linux is still intended for servers at its very core. This can be changed succesfully though, as Apple has shown us with Mac OS X based on FreeBSD. Half of the issue is lack of driver support and the other half is the Linux Kernel and Window Manages, KDE and GNome still both don't cut it (but they're getting closer). I'll........
  • Shutdown/Power/Halt In Debian/Ubuntu/Centos Guide Systems Doesn't Work


    Different distributions such as Debian and Centos behave differently when trying to shutdown your system. shutdown -H now on Debian does not do what you'd expect. The system won't power down, it will halt and do everything but power down. shutdown -PH now will do the job though (actually power the system off). This is important to test especially if you are not near the system. If you just use -P it forcefully shuts off which is not........
  • exim high load and dozens of processes


    This server was experiencing loads of up to 80 and maxing out the RAM and kmemsize on a CPanel VPS. There were literally dozens if not hundreds of exim processes. I have no idea why exim has such a design that would allow it to consume this much CPU and RAM. Any normal MTA should not be spawning so many processes, it should be processing them in sequence and if it is going to spawn hundreds of processes in response to a large volume of mail, it's better to have a delayed del........
  • Linux Burn MP3 CD On the Fly using


    I finally decided to look into some utils that did this, and the first one I found is "mp3burn". It is unbelievable simple and perfect. *2017-11 update and mp3burn is still available in standard repos such as Ubuntu 14/16 so this is a current and working project. Just install the package and it gets all required libraries to convert and then burn's on the fly. And you won't believe how simple it is. I just want to a directory that had the MP3's I wanted t........
  • Realtek r8169 1gbit/1000mbit NIC/Ethernet Goes Down/Halts on Large File Transfer/Heavy Network Usage


    This is obviously a bug in the r8169 kernel module and it seems to affect a lot of people. I upgraded to the latest kernel and hope this won't happen anymore, as it is a very serious error. This is especially serious for those who are running servers with this chipset, who can afford for the NIC to randomly go off-line for no apparent reason? [655548.189113] type=1505 audit(1277067560.902:5): operation="profile_load" name="/usr/bin/freshclam&q........
  • FUSE/Curlftpfs mount ftp account as drive partition in Linux


    This is a great way to use your ftp server space, for example on your web hosting account (althoughI believe many hosts don't allow storage like this), but if you have a VPS/Dedicated Server etc.., this would be perfect. Imagine how easy it is to work with an ftp account that you can just mount as a normal partition or directory in Linux, it would be great for backups etc.. Name curlftpfs - mount a ftp host as a local directory Synopsis........
  • Install Mac OS X 10.4.6 Tiger on AMD32 VMWare


    *Note OS X is strange to install, I thought my HDD was not being detected by you just have to go to Diskutil and create a partition for the root filesystem and then close/move the Window and proceed with the install. After install Mac OS X 10.4.6 Tiger I get a black screen that says: b0 error Most people say the partition has to be marked as "active", actually that just means marked as "bootable". Instead of t........
  • XBOX 360 No Sound over HDMI Solution/Fix


    My XBOX's dashboard/firmware was from sometime in 2008 when I first bought the system. I mainly played using composite cables but at my brother in law's house we used HDMI. The very first time it worked, but then I bought some games that did some update and after that HDMI never worked. The symptoms besides having on sound is that your XBOX will show PC monitor resolutions but won't have any option to say you have a 720P or 1080P display, this means the XBOX firmware is fa........
  • Use rcconf to edit startup/init.d/init scripts on Debian/Ubuntu based distributions


    I've never understood how to enable and disable services for different run levels in Debian based distros, it's just weird, annoying and doesn't make sense. I much prefer chkconfig from RHEL. Just install the package called 'rcconf' and be done with it. rcconf makes things easy for you. apt-get install rcconf Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done........
  • mdadm: /dev/sda1 is too small: 0K - solution


    I was creating a RAID array and got this error: mdadm: /dev/sda1 is too small: 0K mdadm: create aborted Of course sda1 is not too small, both partitions sda1 and sdb1 are identical in size: Disk /dev/sda: 2000.3 GB, 2000398934016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 243201 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Device Boot Sta........
  • mdadm can you downgrade the superblock?


    Why would you want to downgrade the superblock? Old mdadm verisons like mdadm 2.5.6 only use the 0.90 superblock/metadata and new versions use 1,1.0,1.1 and 1.2 superblocks by default. There are some annoying caveats with this, first of all the new superblocks (later than 0.90) CANNOT be read by GRUB, so you won't even be able to install GRUB. Even worse, old versions of mdadm CANNOT automatically detect arrays even if they were created with a new version of mdadm with th........
  • Linux Centos/RHEL can't find php/apache/httpd/mysql/ftp/exim/sendmail ?


    I wasted a lot of time wondering why I could never find those packages. Check the /etc/yum.conf file and at the bottom look for the "exclude=" line. Below is what I found in mine exclude=apache* httpd* mod_* mysql* MySQL* da_* *ftp* exim* sendmail* php* bind-chroot* Just remove those entries or uncomment that line and you'll get access to the missing applications.........
  • rsync skipping non-regular file


    skipping non-regular file "mnt/lib/udev/devices/console" skipping non-regular file "mnt/lib/udev/devices/kmem" skipping non-regular file "mnt/lib/udev/devices/loop0" skipping non-regular file "mnt/lib/udev/devices/null" skipping non-regular file "mnt/lib/udev/devices/ppp" skipping non-regular file "mnt/lib/udev/devices/net/tu Solution for skipping non-regular file You need the -D........
  • CPanel Use /scripts/easyapache to recompile Apache/PHP with different options


    I used the "Image Manipulation and Security Options" and let the script do the rest. /scripts/easyapache For whatever reason, doing a manual compile of PHPmyself broke everything and I've never seen that before, that's why I resorted to the cheat of easyapache.........
  • Why does mdadm have two sets of UUID's?


    Which one does the OS care about? blkid says the UUID is "787f1fa4-b010-4d77-a010-795b42884f56" while md insists its UUID is "4d96dd3b:deb5d555:7adb93cb:ce9182d9" When in doubt, do we assume the OS takes the one from blkid? /dev/md0: UUID="787f1fa4-b010-4d77-a010-795b42884f56" TYPE="ext3" [root@localhost ~]# mdadm -D /dev/md0 /dev/md0: Version : 0.90 &........
  • Great way to backup/clone/dd your Linux partitions


    Partclone is a great tool that is basically like dd only it does not waste space, it doesn't take the whole partition, yet it does the same thing as dd, only with huge space/cost savings. Clonezilla uses partclone and is more of an integrated/easy to use suite I guess you could say. I've personally only used partclone but I wish there was an easy way to mount partclone images. I believe with Clonezilla you can do that, so I will probably give it a shot next time.........
  • Check How Many Watts Your CPU,HDD,GPU, Fans Use - Power Consumption Tool


    www.antec.outervision.com/index.jsp I found that wattage/power consumption tool to be very useful, especially when you're worried that you're hitting the Power Supply's limit. You'll see very quickly that different CPU's, Graphics, Cards, HDDS use a wide range of energy. That tool can help you choose a build that won't stress or go over the maximum limits of your Power Supply.........
  • Debian 5.04 RAID 1 mdadm boot problem GRUB error


    I successfully created a single RAID 1 partition which includes /boot inside it and my root directory through the Debian installer. It said GRUB installed successfully but when I try booting the OS it seems GRUB can't read anything. When trying to boot from GRUB GRUB Loading stage 1.5. GRUB loading, please wait... Error 2 I get "Error 2" when trying to boot Debian. I also notice from a LiveCD that........
  • Unixbench Score on Core i5 750 with OpenVZ Kernel vs Xen/Openvz


    This was unbelievable how much the Xen kernel slows things down, keep in mind both tests were done on the hostnode, one was with the Openvz-Xen hybrid kernel and the other was just OpenVZ. You can see the performance difference is nearly 300% better when not using the Xen kernel. OpenVZ-Xen Kernel Test Results (I was wondering what was wrong/so slow with my Core i5!) # # # # # #&n........
  • chroot into an off-line Linux version using a LiveCD/USB


    It's not just as simple as running the chroot command, you need to ensure the /proc and /dev entries are passed through and populated to the chroot environment. Step 1 - Mount Your Off-lineOS mount /dev/sda1 /mnt Step 2 - Mount Proc mount -t proc none /mnt/proc Step 3 - Mount Dev Most guides will tell you to use this: mount -o bind /dev /mnt//dev but that doesn't work for some reason in many cases: mount: wron........
  • CPanel OpenVZ VPS Error - *** Notice *** No working loopback device files found. Try running `modprobe loop` as root via ssh and running this script again.


    Ihave no idea how to get the loopback device working in OpenVZ, but what's more frustrating is that I purchased a CPanel license for my VPS and clearly it is not "VPS Optimized". Although everything does seem to work at this point despite that error. The suggestions here: http://forum.openvz.org/index.php?t=msg&goto=1339 don't seem to work at all. This is an OpenVZ issue, but also a CPanel isue, why on earth would loopback support be expected in a VPS a........
  • Starting online migration of CT 300 to 192.168.5.45 Error: vzcpt module is not loaded on the source node Error: Can't continue online migration Error: vzcpt module is not loaded on the source node Error: Can't continue online migration


    Starting online migration of CT 300 to 192.168.5.45 Error: vzcpt module is not loaded on the source node Error: Can't continue online migration Error: vzcpt module is not loaded on the source node Error: Can't continue online migration This is a very easy fix, you just load the appropriate modules on the source and target node (althoughI don't know why the vzmigrate tool can't do that for the user on both ends):........
  • Choose Which GCC Version to compile with via CC environment variable.


    It's very common to have multiple GCC versions for different reasons, as annoying as it is. Some newer/older programs only compile properly or at all on specific versions. You can export the following variable CC: export CC=gcc-4.1 Replace gcc-4.1 with the filename of the gcc you want eg. gcc-99........
  • rsync my favorite/best/optimal default switches and options


    Not sure what rsync switches/options to use? rsync -PDrphogtl The short version would be: rsync -Pha I think these are really common sense options to use and probaby should be the default. Explanation of rsync switches P = display the progress D = hybrid of --specials and --devices so all special and device files will be copied as well. r = recursive (otherwise rsync won't copy files deeper than........
  • Linux AHCI Hotswap Tips - Remember To Reread The Partition Table WITHOUT rebooting


    From the package "parted" you can use the command "partprobe" to re-read the partition table. I really hate rebooting, and that's what Iloved to hear about AHCI motherboards, that they allow hotswap so you don't have to reboot. But that's only as good as the OS, if the OS does not reload the partition table you won't be able to do anything with that new drive you attached without rebooting. Yes, even without re-reading the partiton table Linux will........
  • Convert HDD/Hard Drive Partition(s) into non-RAID into RAID 1 using existing data without data loss and without reformatting.


    Before we start I take no responsibility for this, you should have a backup and if you make a mistake during this process you could wipe out all of your data. So backup somewhere else before starting this as a precaution, or make sure it's data you could afford to lose. The RAID 1 Setup (Hardware Wise) I've already setup my 2 x 1TB (Seagate) drives with identical partitions, make sure your new hard drive (the empty one) is setup like your curr........
  • email2fax and Asterisk to do eFaxing


    It's basically free bash shell script available from: http://wpkg.org/email2fax/index.php/Main_Page Make sure you have the required tools: libtiff ghostscript mpack/munpack Where you can e-mail your Asterisk box and it will fax it to the phone number in the subject line. The good news ends there, it is fairly undocumented and buggy. Take for example how the documentation mentions you can invoke from the com........
  • tar gzip: stdout: File too large - Error Size Limit on Large file > 17GB


    The folder I was trying to archive is about 72GB, but much like rsync at about 17GB it chokes because of the filesize. What's with so many common and essential Linux tools having such limitations? I guess it is likely that the authors never wrote their code with the idea that files would be so large but it's still very annoying. It's important to stay on top of these limitations on production servers because I didn't realize what happened until I checked the file with "........
  • Picking an FTPD (vsftpd) Server in Linux Centos/Debian


    I decided on using yum to help me decide even though I normaly use proftpd I decided to see what else I could find. yum search ftp Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * rpmforge: ftp-stud.fht-esslingen.de * base: mirrors.netdna.com * updates: updates.interworx.info * addons: yum.singlehop.com * extras: mirrors.netdna.com rpmforge........
  • OpenVZ backup container to a single file while it's running using "vzdump"


    Proxmox has made this free utility to backup running OpenVZ containers. It's a great program which is actually just a PERL script but gets the job done. This program is not 100% required because all it really does is cp -a from your container's path as far as I know but it is still good to have uniformity to how you backup your containers. For RPM distros such as Centos/RHEL/Fedora etc.. download and install this: wget http://www.proxmox.com/cms_proxm........
  • Compaq V2405CA Laptop - Unixbench Performance Test


    Here are the results, it is Sempron 3000+ AMD Mobile, 500Gig HDD, 512MB RAM with shared ATI Radeon graphics. # # # # # # # ##### ###### # # #### # # # # ## # # # #&nb........
  • PHP cannot access /usr/bin/openssl


    PHP cannot access /usr/bin/opensslI have verified the username that runs the process is able to access /usr/bin/openssl and it does exist but the PHP script is saying it doesn't exist: [code:1:1fd0f3abbe] if (!file_exists($OPENSSL)) { //echo "ERROR: OPENSSL $OPENSSL not foundn"; }[/code:1:1fd0f3abbe] I don't get itI can clearly see the contents of /usr/bin by using the PHP system fu........
  • Mount Linux ext2 file system


    Mount Linux ext2 file systemNormally in Linux you could mount ext2 or ext3 etc... like this: mount -t ext2 /dev/hda1 /mnt/hda1/ In FreeBSD the difference is of course the disk naming conventions (hda1 would be known a /dev/ad0s1): To mount ext2 in FreeBSD just type: mount -t ext2[b:68c16c60bf]fs[/b:68c16c60bf] /dev/ad0s1 /mnt/ad0s1........
  • Problems surfing web/serving


    Problems surfing web/servingI noticed sometimes websites wouldn't load at random through a FreeBSD box and other systems on the same link didn't have the issue. I believe it is because of the low default limit of 128 TCP connections that caused the problem. It would also slow down any traffic that requires many connections such as Bittorrent. The fix is to increase the amount of connections to at least 1024 Edit [b:520b050d3e]/etc/sysctl.conf[/b:520b05........
  • locate: command not found (slocate database needed)


    locate: command not found (slocate database needed)For some versions especially older ones like 3.x they might not have the "slocate" database. Meaning a "locate somefile" command doesn't work. Just install "slocate" [code:1:d6d717421c]yum install slocate[/code:1:d6d717421c] Then run: [code:1:d6d717421c]updatedb[/code:1:d6d717421c] And you're good to go :)........
  • Telus + 2Wire 2700 Router Horrible


    Telus + 2Wire 2700 Router HorribleWell first of all let me say this is the only router/switch that sometimes seems to crash/disconnect computers on the local network. This device also thought it would be smart to block VOIP packets coming from my Sipura ATA VOIP adapters so I disabled the [quote:cb89ba7bff]"Invalid TCP Flag Attacks (NULL/XMAS/Other)"[/quote:cb89ba7bff] option Then all of a sudden I couldn't get onto any web pages, the wireless........
  • Need identd for port 113 ? Install authd


    Need identd for port 113 ? Install authdyum install authd Happy identing :)Actually it's not that simple. It installs as an "xinetd" service and is disabled and turned off by deafult. To enable it run: [code:1:8c94df8319] chkconfig --level 3 auth on service xinetd restart [/code:1:8c94df8319] This will set identd aka authd to start by default. service xinetd resta........
  • Linux Unix Xorg X Server Intel Extreme i810 Graphics Problem


    Linux Unix Xorg X Server Intel Extreme i810 Graphics Problem(EE) I810(0): No Video BIOS modes for chosen depth. (EE) Screen(s) found, but none have a usable configuration. I have a new Dell PC with one of the latest Intel Extreme Graphics on-board crap. From what I can see any Linux/Unix/FreeBSD versions running XFree86 or Xorg from years ago or the latest version today will have this problem. It's easily corrected FOR MOST people. Go into your........
  • The New Chips on the Block


    The New Chips on the BlockThe New Chips on the Block By Bruce Gain Story location: http://www.wired.com/news/infostructure/0,1377,67795,00.html 02:00 AM Jun. 13, 2005 PT We have embarked upon a new era in x86 PC computing -- so say chip giants AMD and Intel following their launches of dual-core PC processors. So how will dual-core processing change your PC computing experience? Our FAQ should help you decide whether or when you sho........
  • Intel's Finnish Fetish


    Intel's Finnish FetishIntel's Finnish Fetish By Dave Mock June 13, 2005 Chipmaker Intel (NASDAQ: INTC) has successfully topped the personal computer market for decades. Breaking into related areas such as communications has been much difficult for the world's largest semiconductor maker. But a new partnership with Nokia (NYSE: NOK) could help to change that. Intel's forays into cellular-phone and home-entertaiment-device chips have........
  • Intruder detection device uses behavioural analysis


    Intruder detection device uses behavioural analysisIntruder detection device uses behavioural analysis by Antony Savvas Monday 13 June 2005 Symantec is introducing a new intrusion detection product that uses behavioural analysis to block potential attacks on enterprise networks. The new Critical System Protection 4.5 system uses technology that Symantec acquired through last year’s purchase of Platform Logic. It is designed to protect deskt........
  • Asterisk Agent Login Problem


    Asterisk Agent Login ProblemUsing the AgentCallbackLogin function I couldn't login I knew I had my agents setup properly in agents.conf so why couldn't I login? The reason is because agents.conf was missing the [b:994d7a34af][agents][/b:994d7a34af] context! I just added [agents] above the existing agent declarations and then I was able to login as expected. It took a lot of figuring out and reading though!........
  • Asterisk Queue Context Explained


    Asterisk Queue Context ExplainedThis was never explained in voip-info or any other site I read. It is understood you can escape to a context from a queue and how to specify it. [b:882f1e0aee] What is NOT mentioned is that the context= you specify within the queues.conf refers to a [i:882f1e0aee]context that exists in extensions.conf[/i:882f1e0aee][/b:882f1e0aee] This will save you headaches if you need to escape from the queue :)........
  • MySQL Server 3.23 won't start after switching from 4.1


    MySQL Server 3.23 won't start after switching from 4.1I was using a 4.1 alpha version of mysql-server and some how version 3.23 of the client and 4.1 of the client were also both installed! So I forced uninstalled everything because after trying and trying even though MySQL server was using the short 16byte password authentication I got some other errors. After trying with the ports and having it fail because I had existing database data I force installe........
  • PHPBB Drop All Tables


    PHPBB Drop All TablesSQL Syntax: [quote:75acd496c1]drop table phpbb_auth_access, phpbb_banlist, phpbb_categories, phpbb_config, phpbb_confirm, phpbb_disallow, phpbb_forum_prune, phpbb_forums, phpbb_groups, phpbb_posts, phpbb_posts_text, phpbb_privmsgs, phpbb_privmsgs_text, phpbb_ranks, phpbb_search_results, phpbb_search_wordlist, phpbb_search_wordmatch, phpbb_sessions, phpbb_smilies, phpbb_themes, phpbb_themes_name, phpbb_topics, phpbb_topics_watch, phpbb_user_group, p........
  • MySQL SELECT with multiple where conditions


    MySQL SELECT with multiple where conditionsI can get a match on rows for now apparent reason [quote:09cf04e097]SELECT * FROM TABLE WHERE field = 'value' & value = 'field' [/quote:09cf04e097] To make it work as expected use 'AND' instead of '&' they seem to have a completely different and unexpected effect. [quote:09cf04e097]SELECT * FROM TABLE WHERE field = 'value' AND value = 'field' [........
  • MySQL SubQuery


    MySQL SubQueryI was trying to do a sub-query here but it wouldn't work (Syntax Error) in MySQL for some reason even though based on the SQL standards it should be ok. [i:1268bfa39e][b:1268bfa39e]I found the reason this doesn't work. I am using MySQL 3.23 and I read on the MySQL web site that versions before 4.1 DO NOT SUPPORT SUB-QUERIES so it showed me how to rewrite the following as a LEFT join instead of a sub-query. [/b:1268bfa39e][/i:1268bfa39e]........
  • Create Table with structure of another existing table


    Create Table with structure of another existing tableOk, this has many valid uses such as if you need to create backups or the ability to undo changes, you would want to create new tables with the same structure as another. Here is how you do it. [i:7ed9581493] Also remember Indexes such as PRIMARY KEYS [b:7ed9581493]will not be preserved[/b:7ed9581493] so you will have to readd them manually.[/i:7ed9581493] [code:1:7ed9581493]CREATE TABLE NewName AS SEL........
  • ADD PRIMARY KEY to Table


    ADD PRIMARY KEY to TableHere is an example of readding a PRIMARY KEY with an AUTO_INCREMENT field: [b:40986c2a8b]First make the field NOT NULL[/b:40986c2a8b] [code:1:40986c2a8b] ALTER TABLE tableName MODIFY FieldNAME INT(18) NOT NULL; [/code:1:40986c2a8b] [b:40986c2a8b]Create The Primary Key[/b:40986c2a8b] [code:1:40986c2a8b]ALTER TABLE tableName ADD CONSTRAINT PRIMARY KEY(FieldName);[/code:1:40986c2a8b........
  • Package management


    Package managementIf you're like me and often like using an older version you'll need to know this. Since all 5.x versions no longer have packages of their own you'll have to use the 5-stable The best way is to set the [b:d5e8972240]packagesite environment variable[/b:d5e8972240] like so in your [b:d5e8972240].profile [/b:d5e8972240]file [quote:d5e8972240]vi /etc/.profile[/quote:d5e8972240] Add this: [code:1:d5e897224........
  • Windows Media Player


    Windows Media PlayerJust one little question... and I'm not too sure if it falls into the hardware category... my Windows Media Player...or any music program for that matter buzzes at random and cuts out the music. But I don't think it's the music files themselves because I've put in regular CD's and have had the same problems. Any ideas on what the problem could be?Sounds like a soundcard/driver issue. I would recommend updating your soundcard driver i........
  • It's not all about the speed.


    It's not all about the speed.I'd also thought I'd mention that speed is not everything. Routing is the key, because if one router you hit is slow then it doesn't matter how fast your connection is. I have found that locally, Telus has much better routing than Shaw (although I have not yet tested their new DOCSIS network). There are also some countries such as Sweden that offer high speed connections, but the high speed only applies locally. The reason is that man........
  • African money SCAM


    African money SCAMI have received countless of these sorts of emails where the person claims to be from an African nation which has a deposed finance minister or some other strange situation which puts millions of dollars at their disposal. The only problem is that they need a partner to get the money out. And they have entrusted only you, yes that's right, to donate your bank account information along with SIN number so they can secretly wire the money over and you w........
  • What is your favorite CD and DVD manufacturer?


    What is your favorite CD and DVD manufacturer?Everyone has their favorites. What media has provided you the best results? Personally my favorite is Taiyo Yuden, if you buy Fuji's made in Japan they would be Taiyo Yuden. Basically any disc made in Japan is likely a Taiyo Yuden and for me they have provided the most consistent results.........
  • Use Mozilla Firefox, not Internet Explorer - You'll be glad!


    Use Mozilla Firefox, not Internet Explorer - You'll be glad!Hey guys, I just thought I'd recommend that everyone switch to Mozilla Firefox as their web browser. You can find it at http://mozilla.org It is free and it is much better than IE. It has a built-in popup blocker which works great and most importantly, it doesn't have a million critical security flaws which could compromise your security such as passwords for on-line banking etc..........
  • NEC ND-3500A is great!


    NEC ND-3500A is great!I just picked up an NEC 3500A a few weeks ago and I love it. It is a great all in-one optical drive solution. It can burn DVD/+R-R at up 16x, read at 16x and rewrite at 4x and CD-R at up to 48x! Not bad, but the impotant part is that it delivers consistent high quality burns and the drive is as quiet as I could ask it to be. It's also convenient that it has a lot of hacked firmware for overspeeding of........
  • Basic Port Listing


    Basic Port ListingHopefully someone finds this useful or at least interesting. http://www.sans.org/top20/#u9 Name Port Protocol Description Small services ........
  • Other Security Web Sites


    Other Security Web SitesSeveral websites actively track security issues. This list provides you with the major providers of security information on the Web. Many of these organizations also provide newsletters and mailings to announce changes or security threats: Center for Education and Research in Information Assurance and Security (CERIAS) CERIAS is an industry-sponsored center at Purdue University that is focused on technology and relate........
  • Load Balancing/Clustering


    Load Balancing/ClusteringAn interesting article that discusses the pros, cons and viability of load balancing/clustering http://www.wwwcoder.com/main/parentid/493/site/4189/68/default.aspx ZoneEdit seems to offer an interesting Fail Over Service as well: http://www.zoneedit.com/doc/faq.html#fo........
  • InnoDB is a free installer for Windows based systems


    InnoSetup is something Ijust realized many commercial developers use for installation. Why? Because it's100% FREE, simple, and efficient to use. The maker has really done a great job and the installer basically works on all versions of Windows since 95. I'll keep this in mind the next time I code a Windows application since it's been years for me.........
  • Wireless/xmit power - DD-WRT v23 SP2 (09/15/06) std - build 3932 Linksys WRT54G/GL/GS


    I played around with xmit power (how much power in mW) to see if I could increase the range and signal strength. Idon't think this Linksys WRT54G's strength is the wireless, it seems to have poor signal quality and transfer rates all around. Ithink part of the problem is also that there are several wireless networks around my house that could be interfering and the walls are thick here. Anyaway, moving on now :) The default is 28mW and I increased it to........
  • SATA Power cable for 1U Server Solutions - Rosewill 8" SATA Power Cable Model RC-8"-PW-4P-2SA


    NewEgg is one of the few companies that stocks this great right angle 1U SATA power cable. I've purchased some no-name ones and they face the wrong way (towards the bottom of the chassis) which makes it worse/impossible than standard SATA connectors. The price is high but if you're building a 1U server and want SATA disks and don't have much space (eg. the 1U Supermicro cases) then these are simply a must and........
  • Debian/Ubuntu/Kubuntu Bash/Console/Terminal/Putty Home and End Keys Don't Work or Produce a ~


    This is a very weird, annoying and bizarre quirk with many distributions, especially Debian. The home and end keys don't work, but it's a simple fix as long as you found this article :) You just have to edit /etc/inputrc: Find the commented lines as shown below: # "e[1~": beginning-of-line # "e[4~": end-of-line *If you can't find the above, just copy and paste the code below into your inputrc, it will en........
  • MySQL Error "ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user"


    This happened with a select statement which writes the result to an external file. I didn't remember the privilege "FILE" must be granted on *.* for this to work successfully, it wasn't actually an authentication issue as it implies since I was already in the SQL prompt and doing the query. SELECT some_id FROM sometable INTO OUTFILE '/tmp/result.txt'........
  • Openvz "Container already locked" Error Message Solution/Fix


    I didn't find any useful information that actually fixed this. My VPS was in the "Running State" and I could not stop or restart it. I kept getting "Container already locked" no matter what Idid (I tried all the suggestions in the Google results for this error). Most of the suggestions were for Windows but I only use Linux. The other solutioins also said to restart the VZ service or even the entire hostnode and this was not acceptable to me........
  • Adventures in pre-paid SIM Cards and data GPRS/Edge/3G in China with China Mobile in Shenzhen, Guangzhou, Shanghai, Beijing and other cities


    This really is a difficult and confusing process for non-Mandarin speakers, but here's what I've done and learned so far: You can purchase an "M-Zone" China Mobile pre-paid SIMCard from almost anywhere but I tried to purchase mine from Suning (a large electronics dealer) hoping they would be able to help me or answer my questions but my plan didn't work out at all. At Suning once I found someone who spoke some English they gave me the 55 RMB M-Zone China Mobile P........
  • Hard Drive Not Working/Not Detected By Your BIOS Anymore?


    I was starting to panic because suddenly my 1TB Seagate SATA drive wasn't working,I thought it was a BIOS issue because it seemed to have happened after I tried overclocking my Desktop too much. I tried powering down and waiting, but I still couldn't hear the drive spin up at all. I tried a second 1TB hard drive and it wouldn't work either. I checked all power connections again and again until one of the pins in the MOLEX connector popped completely loose. Th........
  • GRUB "Error 2: Bad file or directory type" 0.97 won


    You can see the problem below, GRUB recognizes my hard drive and sees the partitions but cannot access them. This is from the GRUB boot disc I'm using. What happened is that I had some power issues causing this system's power to be interrupted several times and basically an on/off on/off situation. The system won't boot, I just get a flashing cursor and no message or error from GRUB. Obviously the problem is that my MBR seems corrupt or some other issue. My........
  • Unixbench Score with Glusterfs/Openvz & Quad Core Xeon - Updated with GlusterFS 2.0.8 & Optimized Client Config


    The results are still not flattering and are nothing close to native performance. Unless GlusterFS has a "DRBD-like" option to delay writes over the network and to only read from the client side, I don't see how performance can ever improve much more. After doing some client optimizations Iadded more to the score: Start Benchmark Run: Sun Nov 29 00:37:44 PST 2009 00:37:44 up 3 min, 1 user, load average: 0.01........
  • Clustered/Distributed Network Filesystems, Which Ones live up to the hype?


    I've tried to find a good sensible solution to cluster with and each technology has it's pros and cons and there is no perfect solution and I've found a lot of "exaggerations" in the applications, benefits and performance of these different filesystems. DRBD I first started off with DRBD and Ihave to say it does live up to the hype, is quite reliable (although it can be annoying to match up the kernel module and user applications since they must match and whe........
  • Unixbench Score with Glusterfs/Openvz & Quad Core Xeon - Updated with GlusterFS 2.0.8


    You might remember my original GluserFS/OpenVZ benchmark which produced a horrible 29.8 This is the exact same system, but using the latest 2.0.8 (with some small files patch which speeds up performance) you can see it is about 25% faster. I also haven't tuned my config files at all, but there are some settings that should increase performance on small files which I believe i........
  • yum error not working rpmdb: mmap: No such device TypeError: rpmdb open failed


    Loaded plugins: fastestmirror rpmdb: mmap: No such device error: db4 error(19) from dbenv->open: No such device error: cannot open Packages index using db3 - No such device (19) error: cannot open Packages database in /var/lib/rpm Traceback (most recent call last): File "/usr/bin/yum", line 29, in ? yummain.user_main(sys.argv[1:], exit_code=True) File "/usr/share/yum-cli/yummain.py&qu........
  • Unixbench Score with Glusterfs/Openvz & Quad Core Xeon


    This is very disappointing since GlusterFS markets itself as a solution to deploy VPS servers on. On the HNitself I get a Unixbench of about 360. I'm also using an SSH tunnel to secure the communications, but even before that, things seemed very slow. # # # # # # # #####&n........
  • [error] server reached MaxClients setting, consider raising the MaxClients setting - Apache


    Have you ever seen this dreaded message in your Apache/HTTPD /var/log/httpd/error_log? [error] server reached MaxClients setting, consider raising the MaxClients setting The error itself is slightly misleading. Ibelieve this happened to one of my servers, I found Apache was running still, and that you could telnet to port 80 but no respnose would be given. For some reason my error log initially did not have the above error, but after a restart I saw........
  • Have an OpenVZ VPS/Linux Virtual Private Server and nothing works right?


    A VPS Server I had just wasn't working right, code that I migrated there just wasn't working. For example, it kept telling me the connection to the database was unsuccessful, halfway through iterating through results it already had. Then I realized it wasn't my code. Ichecked my /proc/user_beancounters and found this: cat /proc/user_beancounters Version: 2.5 uid resource held maxheld barrier limit failcnt........
  • MySQL Restoring And Dumping/Backing UP MySQL Data/Tables/Databases


    Backing MySQL Databases Backing Up/Dumping All Mysql Databases To A Single File mysqldump --all-databases -u admin -p > allmysqldatabases.sql The "-all-databases" clause is pretty obvious isn't it? It means that it will backup all databases. The "-u admin" means login using the user "admin", if you h........
  • Fake PR Pagerank Identification - How do you know/check/verify the real PR(Pagerank)?


    Here is an example that I recently found, most PR checkers will say this domain is PR8 or will say "cannot analyze PR". The example is domain "bonserotica.com" view Google's cache of the homepage and you'll see as in the picture below, it lists a different URL, which means they used a redirect to a high PR site to fool you and the PR checkers.........
  • iPhone Complaint Lock/Standby Disrupts WiFi and uses 3G instead


    Has Apple tried to give a golden egg to the cell phone companies? Has anyone noticed that if you set your lock time to x minutes, the phone doesn't just lock, it goes into standby. When it does this, any WiFi connection you have gets dropped and all push/data functions such as e-mail checking are done through the 3G network. There is no way to change this feature and functionality and it's very annoying, especially if you are downloading something or loading files over the........
  • Why Apple should thank the jailbreakers and not patch/stop the jailbreaking exploits


    First of all, the iPhone is crippled in many ways, but most of my complaints about functionality have been addressed through the jailbreak, Ican run apps in the background of my choosing, I can install a terminal, acccess my phone through SSH and SCP and so much more. It even addresses the 15 minute e-mail problem, I installed a program called "PushMod" and now set the checking time to just 1 minute. Apple should really thank the developers for this gift, it ma........
  • iPhone 3GS Jailbreak Information & Benefits


    Truly, the only way to unleash the capabilities and customization abilities of iPhone are to jailbreak, it's not just for hackers anymore. A few days ago someone by the named of "geohot" released a single click application called "purplera1n", which does the entire operation smoothly and seamlessly. In our case, the first time it went as far as "done, wait for reboot" on our Windows machine and for minutes we waited and saw the pic on the iPhone w........
  • iPhone 3GS 32GB "Harsh Review"


    Yes, Iadmit I finally got bitten by the hype as much as I can usually see through it all. Keep in mind this review is of the "stock" phone, no jailbreaking yet which is what really unleashes the customizability and whyI bought iPhone. I had better things to say about this phone before buying it, and it is a great phone, perhaps the best on the market by far, if not because of the Mac OS port onto the iPhone and all the apps, etc, etc. With that said........
  • iPhone Safari Browser and TinyMCE Support


    This is unfortunate and frustrating as many sites use it, a lot of people are frustrated that TinyMCE does not work on the iPhone Safari browser. Apparently the developer of TinyMCE's answer is "talk to Apple about it" It's really frustrating although, I wonder if any other mobile phones are able to use TinyMCE or not, whatever the case is it would be nice to find a solution to use TinyMCE on the........
  • Using a Mac OSX DMG Image in Windows and Converting to Standard ISO Format use dmg2iso


    The dmg format is silly and annoying to work with, why couldn't Apple stick with the .iso standard? Anyway, there's an excellent Linux and Windows based tool to convert it back to a normal .iso Image called dmg2iso I'll only cover theLinux version although the Windows pre-built binary works the same way. Download dmg2iso here for free (from the author's website) It's just silly and doesn't make sense that Ubuntu doe........
  • Apple iPhone 3GS and predecessors are leading a revolution


    As much of a computer nerd as Iam, I'm usually a late adopter to technology for a few reasons. Ifeel most new hyped technologies and electronics are mainly fads, and I'm also cheap. Adopting later means you avoid the bugs, kinks and most importantly pay the lowest price, that's me being cheap again :) I never read much about the iPhone but Isaw all the hype around it and until recently I wasn't a big fan of anything Apple until a few years ago I realize........
  • Nokia N97 review, feedback and complaints


    I've had an old Blackberry for a few years and I was ready to spend some serious cash on a nice Nokia. I love the idea of the Linux based Symbian S60 OS, so I was looking at phones like the E63, E71 (both are basically the same, at least CPU/screensize although E71 is thinner, has a 3MP camera, has GPS, and has dedicated buttons to adjust the volume). Then Iheard about the N97 and what a revolution it was supposed to be and it was even compared to iPhone. To........
  • RTL8111/8168B R8169 Gigabit Link slow speeds


    This is the Intel Atom 330 motherboard with integrated Realtek Gigabit NIC (Intel Desktop Board D945GCLF2 Motherboard W/ Atom 330 1.6 GHz Dual Core Processor - Mini-ITX) I cannot achieve more than 15 MB/s, even doing a local transfer through eth0 to it's own IP. 100% 95MB 15.9MB/s 00:06 So this is not a cabling, switch or hardware issue, it seems like a driver or chipset limitation problem. Here is my........
  • SSH Slow Login even with SSHD UseDNS no parameter


    Icouldn't understand why on one system it took a few minutes to get the SSHlogin prompt when connecting to other systems. The other systems all had the UseDNS parameter set to no, which almost always resolves the login prompt delay. The reason is Ubuntu and perhaps Debian and other distributions /etc/nsswitch.conf file Edit yours to have the "hosts" line like so (notice that files and dns are the primary resolution choice........
  • SSH Server Slow/Lagged/Delayed Login Response


    This is really something the SSHServer developers should consider. The cause of this annoyance is because of failed DNS lookups on your IPaddress, which is especially common for many dedicated/col-located servers and also computers on internal NAT/private networks. The chances are this is the cause of your SSHSlow/Delayed Login problems. The easy solution to SSH Login Problems Edit /etc/ssh/sshd_config Add this line to disable r........
  • OCFS2 crash


    When trying to even cd or ls the mounted OCFS2 partition it crashes. Ithink this is a combination of VMWare Server's problem and the way I mounted and symlinked to it. More than anything this shows the problem and lack of forsight with VMWare, but also that OCFS2 is easily crashed if you do strange things. Output of /var/log/messages for OCFS2 Apr 10 15:57:45 localhost kernel: [84331.691258] Modules linked in: vmnet vmci vmmon ocfs2_stac........
  • Samba SMB Error - Server not using user level security and no password supplied. tree connect failed: NT_STATUS_WRONG_PASSWORD


    Server not using user level security and no password supplied. tree connect failed: NT_STATUS_WRONG_PASSWORD That happens when trying to use smbclient to connect to a share. The weird thing is that I can authnenticate just fine from Windows XP. It is partially my mistake, I forgot this share does have a password. I've tried authenticating with the correct user and also with "Guest" because this works in Windows. In Linux I ........
  • Configuring OCFS2 Clustered File System on Debian Based Linux including Ubuntu and Kubuntu


    There's a lot of information and guides on OCFS2 for RHELand Centos Linux but the package setup and configuration is slightly different and this has thrown some people off. Installing OC2FS You should install the following packages to get started: apt-get install ocfs2-tools ocfs2console Configure OC2FS In RHEL/Centos the main configuration file is located in /etc/sysconfig/o2cb However in Debian based Linux it is located........
  • Viewing and Connecting to an SMB Samba Share on Windows/Linux/Unix


    This will give you the basic info needed to browse and connect to Samba shares from the command line. From the GUI of Gnome or KDE etc, it is pretty standard and straight forward. However, I've found very little guides on how to do it from the command line and if you're like me, a nerd who prefers command line for its simplicity and for remote use, this is the way to go. First get a list of all the Samba/SMB shares on the target. smbclient -L hostname........
  • LAME MP3 Encoder Segmentation Faults


    This happened on one of my Ubuntu machines where Igot some kind of segfault on line 21 from LAME at random while encoding MP3s (a second try is fine usually). I've read that it's best to compile it from source and that has solved most issues for people. Here is my preferred configure line: ./configure --enable-mp3x --with-fileio=lame --enable-debug --with-vorbis Even with that I got a different error this tim........
  • Writing/Burning a data CD-R/DVD-R or DVD+RW in Unix/Linux


    There's a lot of outdated information and confusion for system administrator's out there. One annoying task for many an Administrator has been backing up data in Linux. You don't need any GUI tools such as K3B or GnomeBaker. Both are excellent tools but for veteran command line users working remotely, using the keyboard is a great and possibly automated way to save yourself pain and hassle. At a later date we'll cover how scripting can automatically backup certain........
  • Comments About Networking Technology


    We've noticed in many ways that traditional networking even in WANs and LANs has changed very little. Years ago most networks were running on 100mbit and today most still are. Even the average internet connection is largely unchanged from several years ago with some minor exceptions from Europe and Asia.........
  • Latest Articles

  • Cloned VM/Server/Computer in Linux won't boot and goes to initramfs busybox Solution
  • How To Add Windows 7 8 10 11 to GRUB Boot List Dual Booting
  • How to configure OpenDKIM on Linux with Postfix and setup bind zonefile
  • Debian Ubuntu 10/11/12 Linux how to get tftpd-hpa server setup tutorial
  • efibootmgr: option requires an argument -- 'd' efibootmgr version 15 grub-install.real: error: efibootmgr failed to register the boot entry: Operation not permitted.
  • Apache Error Won't start SSL Cert Issue Solution Unable to configure verify locations for client authentication SSL Library Error: 151441510 error:0906D066:PEM routines:PEM_read_bio:bad end line SSL Library Error: 185090057 error:0B084009:x509 certif
  • Linux Debian Mint Ubuntu Bridge br0 gets random IP
  • redis requirements
  • How to kill a docker swarm
  • docker swarm silly issues
  • isc-dhcp-server dhcpd how to get longer lease
  • nvidia cannot resume from sleep Comm: nvidia-sleep.sh Tainted: Linux Ubuntu Mint Debian
  • zfs and LUKS how to recover in Linux
  • [error] (28)No space left on device: Cannot create SSLMutex Apache Solution Linux CentOS Ubuntu Debian Mint
  • Save money on bandwidth by disabling reflective rpc queries in Linux CentOS RHEL Ubuntu Debian
  • How to access a disk with bad superblock Linux Ubuntu Debian Redhat CentOS ext3 ext4
  • ImageMagick error convert solution - convert-im6.q16: cache resources exhausted
  • PTY allocation request failed on channel 0 solution
  • docker error not supported as upperdir failed to start daemon: error initializing graphdriver: driver not supported
  • Migrated Linux Ubuntu Mint not starting services due to broken /var/run and dbus - Failed to connect to bus: No such file or directory solution