This is how we configure outside PSTNaccess or dialing through another SIPtrunk. Beware that this a simplistic example that neglects most security including SRTP First you'll need to be in config mode: Step - 1 Enter Voice Service VOIP security options There are more options but for now we'll just focus on security/allowing connections to and from our phones and the trunk. Router(config)#voice service voip ........

This can break things easily in remove environments where it was normally easy to convert a normal eth0 to a bridge under br0, and that bridge would normally have the same MAC address by default, which is desirable for most situations. In Debian 11 this is different for some reason now. https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/681013/bridge-gets-random-mac-........

This is actually very simple and this example assumes your network device is "eth0" In Centos your network config would be the following: /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 Take the same path and just add a "-range0" So to add a range create the following file: /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0-range0 IPADDR_START=192.168.1.50 IPADD........