This likely works for even older versions but I have only tested on 8,9,10 (11,12). It's quite impressive at how easy it is to upgrade from a very old version to the new version. I would say that Debian version upgrades are some of the quickest and smoothest of any distro.
cp /etc/apt/sources.list ~
#Get your keys first, you need the latest keys for Debian 11 or it won't work:
wget -P /etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d https://ftp-master.debian.org/keys/archive-key-11-security.asc
wget -P /etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d https://ftp-master.debian.org/keys/archive-key-11.asc
Edit your /etc/apt/sources.list like this:
deb http://deb.debian.org/debian bullseye main
deb-src http://deb.debian.org/debian bullseye main
deb http://deb.debian.org/debian-security/ bullseye-security main
deb-src http://deb.debian.org/debian-security/ bullseye-security main
deb http://deb.debian.org/debian bullseye-updates main
deb-src http://deb.debian.org/debian bullseye-updates main

apt update
apt dist-upgrade

After this reboot into the upgraded OS and new kernel that came with it.