RAID 1 and Non-RAID Hard Drive Performance Comparison using tiobench

Here is a RAID 1 partition (500GB Seagate & 2TB WD):

Sequential Reads
                              File  Blk   Num                   Avg      Maximum      Lat%     Lat%    CPU
Identifier                    Size  Size  Thr   Rate  (CPU%)  Latency    Latency      >2s      >10s    Eff
---------------------------- ------ ----- ---  ------ ------ --------- -----------  -------- -------- -----
2.6.27-16-generic             1792  4096    1   86.46 25.43%     0.044     1498.90   0.00000  0.00000   340
2.6.27-16-generic             1792  4096    2  145.66 86.49%     0.042     1629.59   0.00000  0.00000   168
2.6.27-16-generic             1792  4096    4  156.01 186.7%     0.074     2226.75   0.00044  0.00000    84
2.6.27-16-generic             1792  4096    8  200.13 471.4%     0.130     1519.34   0.00000  0.00000    42

Random Reads
                              File  Blk   Num                   Avg      Maximum      Lat%     Lat%    CPU
Identifier                    Size  Size  Thr   Rate  (CPU%)  Latency    Latency      >2s      >10s    Eff
---------------------------- ------ ----- ---  ------ ------ --------- -----------  -------- -------- -----
2.6.27-16-generic             1792  4096    1    2.15 2.529%     1.817       92.54   0.00000  0.00000    85
2.6.27-16-generic             1792  4096    2    3.03 3.873%     1.665       69.56   0.00000  0.00000    78
2.6.27-16-generic             1792  4096    4    4.89 8.890%     2.292      159.16   0.00000  0.00000    55
2.6.27-16-generic             1792  4096    8    4.85 20.62%     4.840      263.46   0.00000  0.00000    24

Sequential Writes
                              File  Blk   Num                   Avg      Maximum      Lat%     Lat%    CPU
Identifier                    Size  Size  Thr   Rate  (CPU%)  Latency    Latency      >2s      >10s    Eff
---------------------------- ------ ----- ---  ------ ------ --------- -----------  -------- -------- -----
2.6.27-16-generic             1792  4096    1   21.36 25.66%     0.177     5462.31   0.00109  0.00000    83
2.6.27-16-generic             1792  4096    2   23.07 63.22%     0.301     7352.31   0.00109  0.00000    36
2.6.27-16-generic             1792  4096    4   23.78 161.6%     0.631     4570.67   0.00305  0.00000    15
2.6.27-16-generic             1792  4096    8   20.13 278.8%     1.406     6773.69   0.00763  0.00000     7

Random Writes
                              File  Blk   Num                   Avg      Maximum      Lat%     Lat%    CPU
Identifier                    Size  Size  Thr   Rate  (CPU%)  Latency    Latency      >2s      >10s    Eff
---------------------------- ------ ----- ---  ------ ------ --------- -----------  -------- -------- -----
2.6.27-16-generic             1792  4096    1    0.11 0.092%     0.017        0.07   0.00000  0.00000   118
2.6.27-16-generic             1792  4096    2    0.10 0.181%     0.019        0.07   0.00000  0.00000    57
2.6.27-16-generic             1792  4096    4    0.11 0.468%     0.023        0.11   0.00000  0.00000    23
2.6.27-16-generic             1792  4096    8    0.10 0.609%     0.027       13.54   0.00000  0.00000    16

Here is a non-RAID 1 partition:

Non-RAID 2TB 64MB WD

                              File  Blk   Num                   Avg      Maximum      Lat%     Lat%    CPU
Identifier                    Size  Size  Thr   Rate  (CPU%)  Latency    Latency      >2s      >10s    Eff
---------------------------- ------ ----- ---  ------ ------ --------- -----------  -------- -------- -----
2.6.27-16-generic             1792  4096    1  119.20 33.15%     0.032      240.85   0.00000  0.00000   360
2.6.27-16-generic             1792  4096    2  109.59 65.63%     0.069      802.35   0.00000  0.00000   167
2.6.27-16-generic             1792  4096    4  112.27 122.8%     0.127      659.32   0.00000  0.00000    91
2.6.27-16-generic             1792  4096    8  110.35 234.3%     0.270      952.49   0.00000  0.00000    47

Random Reads
                              File  Blk   Num                   Avg      Maximum      Lat%     Lat%    CPU
Identifier                    Size  Size  Thr   Rate  (CPU%)  Latency    Latency      >2s      >10s    Eff
---------------------------- ------ ----- ---  ------ ------ --------- -----------  -------- -------- -----
2.6.27-16-generic             1792  4096    1    2.30 1.236%     1.697      419.69   0.00000  0.00000   186
2.6.27-16-generic             1792  4096    2    2.03 2.395%     3.469      903.90   0.00000  0.00000    85
2.6.27-16-generic             1792  4096    4    1.63 3.803%     6.019     2352.58   0.05000  0.00000    43
2.6.27-16-generic             1792  4096    8    1.57 7.796%    14.564     2342.62   0.17500  0.00000    20

Sequential Writes
                              File  Blk   Num                   Avg      Maximum      Lat%     Lat%    CPU
Identifier                    Size  Size  Thr   Rate  (CPU%)  Latency    Latency      >2s      >10s    Eff
---------------------------- ------ ----- ---  ------ ------ --------- -----------  -------- -------- -----
2.6.27-16-generic             1792  4096    1   55.37 62.93%     0.068     2175.37   0.00022  0.00000    88
2.6.27-16-generic             1792  4096    2   61.63 158.7%     0.119     3028.74   0.00044  0.00000    39
2.6.27-16-generic             1792  4096    4   62.15 338.7%     0.223     3053.16   0.00174  0.00000    18
2.6.27-16-generic             1792  4096    8   62.34 757.1%     0.434     2561.85   0.00153  0.00000     8

Random Writes
                              File  Blk   Num                   Avg      Maximum      Lat%     Lat%    CPU
Identifier                    Size  Size  Thr   Rate  (CPU%)  Latency    Latency      >2s      >10s    Eff
---------------------------- ------ ----- ---  ------ ------ --------- -----------  -------- -------- -----
2.6.27-16-generic             1792  4096    1    1.42 1.093%     0.017        0.07   0.00000  0.00000   130
2.6.27-16-generic             1792  4096    2    1.32 1.927%     0.018        0.16   0.00000  0.00000    69
2.6.27-16-generic             1792  4096    4    1.06 3.132%     0.020        0.12   0.00000  0.00000    34
2.6.27-16-generic             1792  4096    8    1.26 9.106%     0.028       13.84   0.00000  0.00000    14

Conclusion

On average RAID 1 does increase sequential read speeds by 50%.  It also decreases sequential write speeds by more than 50% as well, which is obviously bad.

Random Writes suffer big time, .11MB/sec vs 1.42MB/sec.

RAID 1 is great where read performance is important, but write performance is severely affected. 

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