First you need the "iptables-persistent" package.  This gives you an init script that loads your settings from /etc/iptables/rules.v4 and rules.v6

When you install it, it wll save your default setings in /etc/iptables.

sudo apt-get install iptables-persistent

Remember that the rules are stored here:

For IPV4: /etc/iptables/rules.v4

For IPV6: /etc/iptables/rules.v6

A lot of people ask how does this work because iptables-persistent is NOT any sort of system service directly.  It is actually a plugin for the default running "netfilter-persisent".

You can see for yourself by checking the contents of the iptables-persistent package

dpkg -L iptables-persistent
/.
/usr
/usr/share
/usr/share/doc
/usr/share/doc/iptables-persistent
/usr/share/doc/iptables-persistent/copyright
/usr/share/netfilter-persistent
/usr/share/netfilter-persistent/plugins.d
/usr/share/netfilter-persistent/plugins.d/25-ip6tables
/usr/share/netfilter-persistent/plugins.d/15-ip4tables
 

It is a plugin installed under /usr/share/netfilter-persistent/plugins.d/ that is automatically called upon start or restart of "netfilter-persistent" which happens by default during bootup.

So if you installed iptables persistent and wanted to apply your rules just do a "systemctl restart netfilter-persistent" and it would load the new rules from your rules.v4 and rules.v6 iptables config files stored in /etc/iptables/

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