• efibootmgr: option requires an argument -- 'd' efibootmgr version 15 grub-install.real: error: efibootmgr failed to register the boot entry: Operation not permitted.


    This sometimes happens when trying to install the EFIversion of grub to a device when you are booted into Legacy/MBR mode. It doesn't seem to occur on all machines, but some and seems somewhat BIOS dependent. grub-install --target=x86_64-efi /dev/sda Installing for x86_64-efi platform. grub-install.real: warning: Couldn't find physical volume `(null)'. Some modules may be missing from core image.. grub-install.real: warning: Couldn't find physica........
  • ecryptfs how to change default mount location from Private Ubuntu Debian Centos How


    In a lot of distros like Debian, ecryptfs will mount itself in /home/yourusername/Private This is controlled by Private.mnt which may contain the mount path like this: /home/yourusername/Private Change the default mount location of ecryptfs by modifying this file: home/.ecryptfs/yourusername/.ecryptfs/Private.mnt After you unmount and relogin, you should find ecryptfs is now mo........
  • How to upgrade to the latest Python version on Linux Ubuntu Debian Mint 3.11


    A lot of developers want to go to 3.11 because of the speed improvements, but most distros never have the latest Python version. Using the deadsnakes third party repo is the easiest way aside from compiling it yourself (which is safer and recommended): Step 1 - Add the repo apt-add-repository ppa:deadsnakes/ppa If you get an error about requests then install it:........
  • Virtualbox Best Networking Mode In Lab/Work Environment without using NAT Network or Bridged


    Virtualbox is a very powerful tool, but for some use cases it is less than optimal. Say you are in a work, lab or other environment where you are not alone on the physical network and there could be overlap of IPs, but you need all of your VMs to be contactable from your host, VMs need to communicate with each other, and VMs need internet. NAT Network will give you VM to VM communication and internet, however, it is buggy and unstable. It also doesn't allow host to VM co........
  • Linux grub not using UUID for the root device instead it uses /dev/sda1 or other device name solution


    You can read lots of posts about this issue but there is not much information about why this is the case or how grub determines the root= device name. Some even suggest modifying grub.cfg manually which is a disaster as the next kernel update will cause grub to revert back to the device name. For most people this won't be an issue but those using template system, automated deployments and working in embedded may run into this issue with custom embedded and created minimal kernel........
  • VboxManage VirtualBox NAT Network Issues Managment Troubleshooting


    If you find your NAT Network is not working properly, the first thing you may want to do is list the networks, check their status and make sure the Network is actually started and configured as you expect (eg. is DHCP on and enabled?). This is a long known, unresolved bug that seems to affect Version 6 randomly and disportionately on especially Mint 20/Ubuntu 18. https://www.virtualbox.org/ticket/1474........
  • Ubuntu Mint Debian Howto Execute Command / Script / Program Upon Wakeup From Sleep


    Sometimes manual intervention on various Linux system's, including Debian, is required to fix things after waking up from sleep. One persistent issue is the sound system / pulseaudio needing to be reset and not working until you do that after waking up. It's not clear if it's an OS issue itself or the sound driver, but this will fix things. Where do we put scripts or commands that need to be used upon wakeup automatically? /lib/systemd/syst........
  • How To Do Linux Network Bonding Teaming in Mint Debian Ubuntu


    Bonding is an excellent way to get both increased redundancy and throughput. It is similar to the "Network Teaming" feature in Windows. There are a few different modes but we will use mode 6, I think it's the best of both worlds, as it is not just a failover, but it provides round robin, so you will get redundancy and load balancing. So if you have a 1G single port, you will have a combined throughput of 4G at this point. Just bear in mind that the true thr........
  • Docker Tutorial HowTo Install Docker, Use and Create Docker Container Images Clustering Swarm Mode Monitoring Service Hosting Provider


    The Best Docker Tutorial for Beginners We quickly explain the basic Docker concepts and show you how to do the most common tasks from starting your first container, to making custom images, a Docker Swarm Cluster Tutorial, docker compose and Docker buildfiles.........
  • Virtualbox Vbox Issue Cannot Enable Nested Virtualization Button is Grayed/Greyed Out and Unclickable HowTo Solution


    In newer of versions of Virtualbox, especially above 6.0 (eg. 6.1 like the example below), a lot of times the "Enable Nested VT-x/AMD-V". If you are having this issue, you will see the option is grayed out. It doesn't mean that your computer does not support virtualization, although it is possible it is disabled in the BIOS. You can verify........
  • EFI PXE grub2 Howto guide for Linux EFI PXE Booting on Debian, Mint, Ubuntu, RHEL


    Just a quick note and warning is that if you are testing to see if EFIPXE booting works on a VM, MAKE SURE it actually works. For example Iinitially tested using my Distro's QEMU 2.5+dfsg-5ubuntu10.46 and ovmf BIOS firmware (OVMF supports EFI). However, I found on old versions of QEMU (like 2.5), EFIbooting with GRUB NEVER works so it may appear that you have made a mistake when everything is fine when you boot a physi........
  • apcupsd how to setup and monitor APC UPS units


    It really seems limited in that it can mainly give you the things you would see on the physical unit such as load etc.. wget https://downloads.sourceforge.net/project/apcupsd/apcupsd%20-%20Stable/3.14.14/apcupsd-3.14.14.tar.gz?r=https%3A%2F%2Fsourceforge.net%2Fprojects%2Fapcupsd%2Ffiles%2Flatest%2Fdownload&ts=1598115866 tar -zxvf apcupsd-3.14.14.tar.gz cd apcupsd-3.14.14 [root@somebox apcupsd-3.14.14]# ./conf........
  • ?? Question Marks for time, permissions and size of a file?


    -?????????? ? ? ? ? ? shadow ----------. 1 root root 748 Jul 10 04:35 shadow- cat: shadow: Input/output error If you see this you are probably in big trouble, it could be a physical error or if it's a VM image that it is corrupted due to a physical error on the underlying disk/array/NAS or it could a........
  • How To Get Started on Ubuntu with gpt-2 OpenAI Text Prediction


    apt install software-properties-common add-apt-repository ppa:deadsnakes/ppa apt update apt install python3-pip apt install python3.7 curl gnupg python3.7-dev git ln -s /usr/bin/python3.7 /usr/bin/python3 pip3 install numpy keras_preprocessing curl https://bazel.build/bazel-release.pub.gpg | sudo apt-key add - echo "deb [arch=amd64] http://storage.googleapis.com/bazel-apt stable jdk1.8" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/bazel........
  • SSH and sshfs timeout settings keepalive


    A big problem over ssh and especially sshfs is that your connection will often timeout and disconnect after inactivity. To fix this you can modify the server but it may not be practical or you may not have access. Why not send keep alives fom your end (client side)? Just edit /etc/ssh/ssh_config (not to be confused with sshd_config as that is the server side): Find the line that says "Host *" and change it like this:........
  • CentOS 8 how to convert to a bootable mdadm RAID software array


    The cool thing here is that we only need 1 drive to make a RAID 10 or RAID 1 array, we just tell the Linux mdadm utility that the other drive is "missing" and we can then add our original drive to the array after booting into our new RAID array. Step#1 Install tools we need yum -y install mdadm rsync Step #2 Create your partitions on the drive that will be our RAID array Here I assume it is /dev........
  • MySQL Bash Query to pipe input directly without using heredoc trick


    Most of us know the heredoc method but what if you need a basic query done repeatedly and manually while working from bash? It is a pain to manually type mysql and login each time. With this command below you can semi-automate those queries: echo "use somedb; select * from auctions" | mysql -u root --password="yourpassword" Just modify the above to suit your needs and you can add more queries by adding a sem........
  • MySQL Cheatsheet Guide and Tutorial


    Create Database: create database yourdbname; Show All Databases: show databases; Change Database: use mysql; Drop / Delete a MySQL Database: drop database nameofyourdatabase;........
  • SSH Keep Alive To stop Disconnections


    Are you tired of coming back to your computer only to find your SSH connections have been broken? Even worse are the ones that hang where it appears to be connected but it is really not. The one option you have is an SSHclient side modification to send KeepAlive packets, sometimes this can also keep up your WiFi connection and stop it from disconnecting you as well. To make the keep alive changes for your just yourself (not system wide)........
  • chroot in Linux Howto Simple and Easy Guide


    chroot which stands for change root allows you to virtually operate in another operating system even though you haven't booted it. It is commonly used to deploy new distros, applications and to fix a broken Linux/Unix install or prep a new system image without having to physically boot the drive or disk. So in this example let's say we have a drive that has a Linux OS installed on /dev/sdb1 and we have mounted this partition on /mnt/sdb1 The key point is to edit the &quo........
  • How To Boot Cisco CUCM UCSInstall 8.6, 10, 11 and 12 on KVM/Proxmox


    The key thing is that you must use a "machine"id of "pc-1.3" or it will say your hardware is not supported. Additionally you MUST use a virtio disk or you will get a ks_pre.sh error as soon as the install starts (a look at logs will show it can't find a disk). This is funny because even though the OS finds the disk and an fdisk -l shows it, it looks like the script looks for a /dev/vda device (virtio) and nothing else, so if you didn't use Virtio as you........
  • Linux ln symlink how to update existing symbolic link


    ln -s --force newfile.jpg existingsymlink.jpg All you do is use the --force flag to force/update the existing one. The above modifies a symlink called "existingsymlink.jpg" and points it to "newfile.jpg" as the source.........
  • LUKS Hard Drive Encryption on Linux Mint Ubuntu Debian etc how to mount encrypted hard drive


    The key thing here is to know the actual partition that is encrypted. Often in Linux Mint's installer that ends up being partition 5 or /dev/sda5 sudo cryptsetup luksOpen /dev/sda5 anynamehere You will then be prompted for your irrecoverable passphrase: Enter passphrase for /dev/sda5: If all goes well it won't say anything further. If it says ""No key available with this passphr........
  • lvm how to reduce volume size


    lvreduce -L -100G /dev/mapper/centos-home Do you really want to reduce centos/home? [y/n]: y Size of logical volume centos/home changed from ........
  • Linux Permissions and Groups Real Usecase for Group Access


    Ihave a directory structure which the primary user needs full access on but wanted a user to access only a specific directory within the main directory (so they could write in there only and nowhere else). Here's what Idid: [root@compevo8001 dllnow]# ls -alh drwxrwxr-x 2 someuser software 4.0K Oct 19 2017 ExpireYMD-2017-11-20 drwxrwxr-x 2 someuser software 4.0K Nov 19 2017 ExpireYMD-20........
  • genisoimage errors with long filenames and deep directory structures


    You'll have to violate the iso9660 standards but it is necessary if you want to preserve your filesystem and filenames and shouldn't be an issue as long as you are using a modern OS like Linux. genisoimage -o Backup-Myfiles.iso -r -J -joliet-long /some/path/ You will get errors like below (even enabling joliet-long didn't help) genisoimage: Error: /some/filename.pdf have the same Joliet name Joliet tree sort failed. The -joliet-lo........
  • Mozilla Firefox Address Bar History Not Working places.sqlite corruption solution database repair


    Here is the only solution Ifound that works in Firefox: *Note you could basically just copy all of the commands in bold (the rest just shows the output) Install sqlite3 sqlite3 places.sqlite sqlite> .clone places.sqlite-fixed moz_places... done moz_historyvisits... done moz_inputhistory..........
  • Apache htaccess Custom ErrorDocument not working properly for root home page 403 Error Issue and Solution


    So I have a domain "testdomain.com". Inside test domain.com's root is the following .htaccess: Options +FollowSymLinks -Indexes ErrorDocument 403 /launch/index.html Order Deny,Allow Deny From All Allow From 192.168.1.2 When you visit anything other than root things work fine. Eg. if you visit http://testdomain.com/somedirfile.html It will show the right error in /launch/........
  • Wordpress Instagram Post Modify Plugin To Add Tags


    I modified this code after quickly learning how Wordpress plugins actually work, how they're called etc.. was the first trick to modifying the code to add tags. Add this code after line 570 in wp-content/plugins/wp-instagram-post/classes/class-woo-igp.php &nb........
  • How to backup entire computer Linux Mint Ubuntu with tar


    sudo tar --ignore-failed-read -czvf mycomputer-backup.tar.gz --exclude=/home/otheruser/* --exclude=/proc/* --exclude=/sys/* / Note the --exclude clauses and modify/add according to your needs........
  • How to Normalize and Increase the Volume on M4A files in Linux


    M4A is a weird format, so you have to be creative here is a quick copy of what I did. Basically you need to convert to .wav to make use of them and thenI converted the resulting .wav into an mp3 (nice small file size and basically universally playable): ======= sudo apt-get install mpg321 mp3gain faad normalize lame faad "Voice 002 (copy).m4a" faad "Voice 002 (copy).m4a"........
  • VBOX/Virtualbox how to resize the disk file image vdi


    VBoxManage modifyhd "my.vdi" --resize 60000 Note the above will resize my.vdi to 60,000MB........
  • How to modify HTML/Themeforest Themes to work in any path statically using unix/linux's sed command


    For themes and custom CMS setups, the typical HTML theme is not ready to go at all but here are some common sed commands (search and replace that will get most of them working without breaking as you'd expect). The problem is that often the theme directory will be separate from the content and this will break the relative paths that these themes use. sed -i s/'href="'/'href="/themes/yourtheme/'/g index.html sed -i s/'src="'/'src="/themes/y........
  • Linksys / Cisco / Grandstream / Polycom PAP2T No delay in dialing recommended fast dial plan


    I modified the default to the following for faster local dialing for North American area codes: (*xx|[3469]11|0|00 [2-9]xxxxxxS0|[2-9]xxxxxxxxxS0|1xxx[2-9]xxxxxxS0|xxxxxxxxxxxx.) This is what I added to the above: "[2-9]xxxxxxxxxS0" so any 9 digit number is dialed instantly xxx-xxx-xxxx (the S0 at the end makes it dial right away). This makes dialing much quicker and is recommended. *No........
  • Lost connection to MySQL server during query [2013]


    This happened while trying to delete several thousand users from phpBB and basically corrupted the innoDB tables. InnoDB: Page lsn 3 881164362, low 4 bytes of lsn at page end 881164362 InnoDB: Page number (if stored to page already) 86920, InnoDB: space id (if created with >= MySQL-4.1.1 and stored already) 0 InnoDB: Page may be an index page where index id is 700 InnoDB: (index "tid_post_time" of table "phpBBdb2005"."phpbb3_p........
  • phpBB create new email hash manually when modifying or adding user manually directly through MySQL


    Many may ask why would you need to do this? When upgrading from phpBB 2 to 3 the conversion does not keep the admin user you create. If your old admin user has an email address associated that no longer works or is accessible this makes it impossible to reset the admin password. Some may just say "I'll just manually edit the e-mail address" but it won't work and phpBB will fail to find that user if you don't update the "user_email_hash" field but how do........
  • error: Legacy syntax is unsupported: copyright error: line 10: Unknown tag: Copyright: distributable


    Usually just modify the .spec file to resolve this: vi specfile.spec Change "Copyright: GPL" to "License: GPL" and try again.........
  • Setting Ulimit


    I never found a solution to do it live (nothing worked that I found) so it looks like a relogin is required. Check your maximum file limit cat /proc/sys/fs/file-max 824460 This is different than your actual's user limit which you'll see below ulimit -n 1024 Try and set it higher but it won't work ulimit -n 65000........
  • mkdir(): Too Many Links - The Solution and Problem in ext3 filesystems


    The error itself "mkdir(): Too Many Links" is not very useful, but I'll translate it into plain English. It means you've reached the filesystem's limit of how many directories can be created in a single directory. In this case for ext3 the limit is 32000 and it was exceeded. What's the solution? The simple solution is to move those directories into more subdirectories possibly sorting them by date, alphabet or numerically.........
  • How to log all PHP based E-mails for abuse


    Step #1 - Create Wrapper Script vi /usr/local/bin/phpsendmail #!/usr/bin/php ........
  • KVM/QEMU Base/Template Images and the power they provide


    qemu-img create -b centos.5-8.x86.20120308.qcow2 -f qcow2 ../kvmguests/25000-centos5.8x86.qcow2 Formatting '../kvmguests/25000-centos5.8x86.qcow2', fmt=qcow2, backing_file=centos.5-8.x86.20120308.qcow2, size=10485760 kB -b the source/base image -f format is qcow2 and the location of the destination image What is so special about this? It's even quicker than creating a template with OpenVZ but this is an actual OS. It saves time a........
  • VirtualBox How to Resize Hard Drive


    VBoxManage modifyhd XP.vdi --resize 15000 VBoxManage modifyhd XP.vdi --resize 15000 0%...10%...20%...30%...40%...50%...60%...70%...80%...90%...100% That resizes the virtual hard drive image "XP.vdi" to 15000MB instantly. I doubt this is safe to do while the VM is running and I'm not sure if it would attempt it still but turn the VM off first to be safe. I also notice in the VBOX GUI that it still shows the orig........
  • failed to IDENTIFY (INIT_DEV_PARAMS failed, err_mask=0x80)


    [ 12.460014] ata1: SRST failed (errno=-16) [ 17.626677] ata1: link is slow to respond, please be patient (ready=0) [ 22.480011] ata1: SRST failed (errno=-16) [ 27.646681] ata1: link is slow to respond, please be patient (ready=0) [ 38.106817] ata1.01: failed to IDENTIFY (INIT_DEV_PARAMS failed, err_mask=0x80) [ 48.266676] ata1: link is slow to respond, please be patient (ready=0)........
  • VBox/Virtualbox how to shrink VDI image and recover/reclaim unused disk space


    VBoxManage modifyvdi /path/to/your.vdi compact I believe this should be done only when your VM is powered off, but I decided to try it with the system powered on. i wouldn't recommend it because it's dangerous even if it does work but this is a test system. For anything important/production I would always take a backup first and make sure the system is powered off. VBoxManage modifyvdi XP-clone.vdi compact 0%...10%...20%...30%...40%...5........
  • Enable SPAMASSASSIN on Postfix in 5 minutes


    Centos 5 Postfix and SPAMASSASSIN Tutorial yum install spamassassin chkconfig spamassassin on vi /etc/mail/spamassassin/local.cf ############## #required_hits 5 #report_safe 0 #rewrite_header Subject [SPAM] #5 is the least restrictive (means only the most obvious SPAM is caught. 0 is obviously the most restrictive/sensitive and would have lots of false positives require........
  • MySQL NEVER delete ib_logfile0 or ibdata1 or you'll lose data


    don't delete /var/lib/mysql/ib_logfile0 or ibdata1 or mysql won't restart I didn't realize they were internal and not part of replication like the relay files! /usr/libexec/mysqld: ready for connections. Version: '4.1.22-log' socket: '/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock' port: 3306 Source distribution 110127 16:31:00 [Note] /usr/libexec/mysqld: Normal shutdown 110127 16:31:00 InnoDB: Starting shutdown...........
  • VirtualBox Convert Import/Boot .vmdk VMWare Hard Disk/Drive Image Won't Work


    I wanted to Import/Use a .vmdk hard disk image file from VMWare. Generally you can just "point" VirtualBox to it and use it and it will work but I found an exception. One of my Centos 4.4 x64 images wouldn't boot. I had two copies, an older one and the newer one. The older one booted as normal (once I changed the VirtualBox driver to IDE from SATA). The newer one stopped at the "GRUB loading" message no matter what I tried. As far as........
  • Revert to GRUB 0.97/1 instead of GRUB2


    had trouble trying to revert Ubuntu 10.04 LTS from grub2, won't boot mdraid and did not even install mdadm during the installation! I have tried moving back to GRUB 0.97 backed up original /boot and then copied /boot from an old Debian install. Modified device.map and menu.lst and put the appropriate kernels and initrd for Ubuntu back in /boot I ran grub: root (hd0,1) grub> setup (hd0) Checking if "/boot/grub/stage1........
  • Ubuntu 10.04 Linux is still not ready for the Desktop world


    I am a huge fan of Linux and the idea of OpenSource but I've said it many times, there are still hurdles in today in 2010 for Linux as a Desktop. Linux is still intended for servers at its very core. This can be changed succesfully though, as Apple has shown us with Mac OS X based on FreeBSD. Half of the issue is lack of driver support and the other half is the Linux Kernel and Window Manages, KDE and GNome still both don't cut it (but they're getting closer). I'll........
  • Create Table with structure of another existing table


    Create Table with structure of another existing tableOk, this has many valid uses such as if you need to create backups or the ability to undo changes, you would want to create new tables with the same structure as another. Here is how you do it. [i:7ed9581493] Also remember Indexes such as PRIMARY KEYS [b:7ed9581493]will not be preserved[/b:7ed9581493] so you will have to readd them manually.[/i:7ed9581493] [code:1:7ed9581493]CREATE TABLE NewName AS SEL........
  • ADD PRIMARY KEY to Table


    ADD PRIMARY KEY to TableHere is an example of readding a PRIMARY KEY with an AUTO_INCREMENT field: [b:40986c2a8b]First make the field NOT NULL[/b:40986c2a8b] [code:1:40986c2a8b] ALTER TABLE tableName MODIFY FieldNAME INT(18) NOT NULL; [/code:1:40986c2a8b] [b:40986c2a8b]Create The Primary Key[/b:40986c2a8b] [code:1:40986c2a8b]ALTER TABLE tableName ADD CONSTRAINT PRIMARY KEY(FieldName);[/code:1:40986c2a8b........
  • Why Apple should thank the jailbreakers and not patch/stop the jailbreaking exploits


    First of all, the iPhone is crippled in many ways, but most of my complaints about functionality have been addressed through the jailbreak, Ican run apps in the background of my choosing, I can install a terminal, acccess my phone through SSH and SCP and so much more. It even addresses the 15 minute e-mail problem, I installed a program called "PushMod" and now set the checking time to just 1 minute. Apple should really thank the developers for this gift, it ma........
  • iPhone 3GS 32GB "Harsh Review"


    Yes, Iadmit I finally got bitten by the hype as much as I can usually see through it all. Keep in mind this review is of the "stock" phone, no jailbreaking yet which is what really unleashes the customizability and whyI bought iPhone. I had better things to say about this phone before buying it, and it is a great phone, perhaps the best on the market by far, if not because of the Mac OS port onto the iPhone and all the apps, etc, etc. With that said........
  • Viewing and Connecting to an SMB Samba Share on Windows/Linux/Unix


    This will give you the basic info needed to browse and connect to Samba shares from the command line. From the GUI of Gnome or KDE etc, it is pretty standard and straight forward. However, I've found very little guides on how to do it from the command line and if you're like me, a nerd who prefers command line for its simplicity and for remote use, this is the way to go. First get a list of all the Samba/SMB shares on the target. smbclient -L hostname........
  • Latest Articles

  • How high can a Xeon CPU get?
  • bash fix PATH environment variable "command not found" solution
  • Ubuntu Linux Mint Debian Redhat Youtube Cannot Play HD or 4K videos, dropped frames or high CPU usage with Nvidia or AMD Driver
  • hostapd example configuration for high speed AC on 5GHz using WPA2
  • hostapd how to enable and use WPS to connect wireless devices like printers
  • Dell Server Workstation iDRAC Dead after Firmware Update Solution R720, R320, R730
  • Cloned VM/Server/Computer in Linux won't boot and goes to initramfs busybox Solution
  • How To Add Windows 7 8 10 11 to GRUB Boot List Dual Booting
  • How to configure OpenDKIM on Linux with Postfix and setup bind zonefile
  • Debian Ubuntu 10/11/12 Linux how to get tftpd-hpa server setup tutorial
  • efibootmgr: option requires an argument -- 'd' efibootmgr version 15 grub-install.real: error: efibootmgr failed to register the boot entry: Operation not permitted.
  • Apache Error Won't start SSL Cert Issue Solution Unable to configure verify locations for client authentication SSL Library Error: 151441510 error:0906D066:PEM routines:PEM_read_bio:bad end line SSL Library Error: 185090057 error:0B084009:x509 certif
  • Linux Debian Mint Ubuntu Bridge br0 gets random IP
  • redis requirements
  • How to kill a docker swarm
  • docker swarm silly issues
  • isc-dhcp-server dhcpd how to get longer lease
  • nvidia cannot resume from sleep Comm: nvidia-sleep.sh Tainted: Linux Ubuntu Mint Debian
  • zfs and LUKS how to recover in Linux
  • [error] (28)No space left on device: Cannot create SSLMutex Apache Solution Linux CentOS Ubuntu Debian Mint