• Linux Debian Mint Ubuntu Bridge br0 gets random IP


    This can break things easily in remove environments where it was normally easy to convert a normal eth0 to a bridge under br0, and that bridge would normally have the same MAC address by default, which is desirable for most situations. In Debian 11 this is different for some reason now. https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/681013/bridge-gets-random-mac-........
  • zfs and LUKS how to recover in Linux


    Sometimes users take their removal drives and unplug and replug them to test what happens during the failure of a disk. However, this breaks things quite badly due to the /dev/mapper in LUKS not coming back online due to it not being closed. In other words, generally with non-encrypted drives the process is smooth but when encrypted you may want to follow a strategy like this: We can see below that both disks are unavailable as they were physically remov........
  • Save money on bandwidth by disabling reflective rpc queries in Linux CentOS RHEL Ubuntu Debian


    Even today we see a lot of servers that have different services and ports open for rpc and this creates not only potential inward vulnerabilities but perhaps more common, the abuse of your network resources in reflective rpc queries. To stop this problem, you should disable and remove all services relating to rpc or at least block all relevant ports for the service. Surprisingly, there are still some providers and OS installs in Linux that install these services and leave them........
  • docker error not supported as upperdir failed to start daemon: error initializing graphdriver: driver not supported


    Nov 15 17:00:49 rttbox kernel: overlayfs: filesystem on '/var/lib/docker/overlay2/check-overlayfs-support450709549/upper' not supported as upperdir Nov 15 17:00:49 rttbox dockerd[93755]: failed to start daemon: error initializing graphdriver: driver not supported The above error is often/normally caused because you are trying to run docker out of an unsuitable directory/filesystem. For example if you try to place docker's data inside an existing overl........
  • Docker Swarm vs Kubernetes Comparison Guide


    A lot of companies are unsure which solution to choose and many may not be aware of Docker Swarm as an alternative to Kubernetes. One thing that many Sysadmins find is that Docker Swarm is simply easier, quicker to setup and maintain by far than Kubernetes.........
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    When Is It Time to Leave Your VPS, VDS, and Dedicated Server Provider? Choosing the right hosting solution—be it Virtu........
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    The issue is that Docker images are stripped down, so many tools and even python3 is missing, so you'll have to build or update the actual image yourself. I assume you have started an image with something like this and that you have the Nvidia Toolkit installed (assuming you are using GPUs). If you're not using nvidia just remove --runtime=nvidia --gpus all. docker run -it --runtime=nvidia --gpus all ubuntu bash These works for most images li........
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    This does not seem to be officially documented but makes sense that an overlay on an overlay does not work and is considered an unsupported filesystem as is even NTFS . Some admins/organizations try to use ecyptfs as a simple solution to encrypt the contents of Docker. Instead, you could probably........
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    Here is how Ifixed it on a Mint/Ubuntu install 1.) First download the latest AMDGPU-Pro driver from here: https://www.amd.com/en/support Navigate to your relevant video card: 2.) Download the installer One issue is that by default they give you a version for the latest version of........
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    I have a Canon MF642c and the scanner wouldn't work. I tried to use saned but it didn't work with the BJNPlike it did for some other Canon models. Introducing sane-airscan with packages for the most common distributions: https://software.opensuse.org/download.html?project=home%3Apzz&package=sane-airscan http........
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    Interestingly enough Windows 2000 works fine on QEMU 64-bit but you have to specify Pentium as your CPU otherwise it doesn't complete the install (it will not pass the detecting/setting up devices phase). -vga cirrus is wise because it is supported by Windows 2000 and allows higher resolutions and 24-bit color. -cpu Pentium emulates an old computer and is necessary for install to complete -device rtl8139 is important as this oldschool Realtek 8139 NIC is supported by W........
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    apt install software-properties-common add-apt-repository ppa:deadsnakes/ppa apt update apt install python3-pip apt install python3.7 curl gnupg python3.7-dev git ln -s /usr/bin/python3.7 /usr/bin/python3 pip3 install numpy keras_preprocessing curl https://bazel.build/bazel-release.pub.gpg | sudo apt-key add - echo "deb [arch=amd64] http://storage.googleapis.com/bazel-apt stable jdk1.8" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/bazel........
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    This is sure simple if you follow the guide but it took a lot of hacking around to make this work on Debian/Ubuntu! Now before you ask why bother running wine and python, the reason is because Python executables are NOT cross-platform. If you run pyinstaller in Linux, that binary will only run on Linux and the same if you do it in Windows. So it is preferable if you have a single environment that you can create Linux and Windows binaries from rather than running 2 separate........
  • CentOS 8 how to convert to a bootable mdadm RAID software array


    The cool thing here is that we only need 1 drive to make a RAID 10 or RAID 1 array, we just tell the Linux mdadm utility that the other drive is "missing" and we can then add our original drive to the array after booting into our new RAID array. Step#1 Install tools we need yum -y install mdadm rsync Step #2 Create your partitions on the drive that will be our RAID array Here I assume it is /dev........
  • Centos 7 How to install Mysql/Mariadb


    yum -y install mariadb-server systemctl start mariadb mysql_secure_installation Now we need to secure our install and set the MariaDB root password: The lines you need to act on are marked in bold shown with the answer you need. mysql_secure_installation NOTE: RUNNING ALL PARTS OF THIS SCRIPT IS RECOMMENDED FOR ALL MariaDB SER........
  • Cisco Unified Communications Manager / CUCM IP 8.6,10,12 Install Error Solution


    Install Errors on Version 12: This error happened on QEMU emulator version 2.11.1 pve-qemu-kvm_2.11.1-5 on Proxmox/Debian but installing on QEMU.12 on Centos 6 did not produce the error. *Update it is not related to the OS or QEMU version. This happened in Centos 6 too after a second install. What really causes this even though you successfully install........
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    The strange thing is that usually the first install or two will work on any new machine but then it suddenly won't. I had this experience on QEMU 2.13 on a different machine. There is something finicky or buggy about the CUCM installer even when choosing the same virtual hardware specs. qemu-kvm command: /usr/libexec/qemu-kvm -version QEMU PC emulator version 0.12.1 (qemu-kvm-0.12.1.2-2.506.el6_10.1), Copyright (c) 2003-2008 Fabrice Bellard ........
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    Enter configuration console: enable configure terminal This is important because if your console doesn't look like below none of the commands will work! Switch(config)# Save and Apply Settings wr Show Switch Configuration: show run Show Port List/Sta........
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    Cisco's CUCM (Cisco Unified Communication Manager) is a system that combines voice, video, data and mobile products into a single unified management suite. At its core, the CUCMis like a "Super PBX" that controls the flow of all communications through an organization even single or multiple site deployments. Cisco's CUCMmakes communication more effective and simple through centralized management and unification of communications resources.........
  • What DNS Options Does Active Directory Offer in Windows Server 2008,2012,2016 ?


    What Is Active Directory? Active Directory is essentially an enhanced, centralized database with a set of objects that make user management, authorization, and data management simpler. Active Directory is synonymous with "Domain Controllers" where a single "domain" often consists of multiple sites and members of the domain. Multiple domains can also be joined to belong to a tree ( a collection of domains). And the highest layer is the forest whi........
  • VMWare Hardware virtualization is selected and cannot be deselected due to selection of VBS Insufficient resources to satisfy configured failover level for vSphere HA.


    There is no such option as "VBS" that Ican see in vSphere 6.7 Ibelieve this is actually an issue because of using old hardware in this case L5420 doesn't support Nested Virtualization I believe. Hardware virtualization is selected and cannot be deselected due to selection of VBS Insufficient resources to satisfy configured failover level for vSphere HA.........
  • Relocating modules and starting up the kernel - VMWare ESXi 6.7 Error and Solution


    I had this error in an unsupported CPUon VMWare 6.7 and apparently this sometimes works especially on older VMWare versions like 6.5 5.5 etc (but in my case it did not). To make sure it proceed when you see "Loading VMWare" Hit "Shift+O" Then add "ignoreHeadless=TRUE" See an example below:........
  • VMWare 6.7 VCSA VSphere ESXi Management SSO Install Guide on Linux using the CLI


    #mount the VCSA DVD mount /dev/sr0 /mnt/cd #alternatively you could mount the iso directly mount -o loop vcsa.iso /your/mount/path #for this purpose we are using the CLI installer on Linux cd /mnt/cd/vcsa-cli-installer/lin64 #no it's not going to be that easy you can't just run vcsa-deploy like that you need to use a template or configured .json file ./vcsa-deploy Usage: vcsa-deploy [-h] [--version] [--supported-deploymen........
  • PHP Migration from 5.3 to 5.4+ and dealing with deprecated functions


    Upgrading from PHP 5.3 to 5.4+ there are many challenges basic things like mysql_connect() do not work anymore.........
  • Linux Mint missing ffmpeg solution to install from Ubuntu PPA


    This is very annoying that ffmpeg is missing from Linux Mint! They have ffmpeg2theora which is a totally different codec and does not work as ffmpeg does at all (it is basically totally different). However on Linux Mint 17 I was able to use a Ubuntu PPA and sucessfully install ffmpeg! https://launchpad.net/~mc3man/+archive/ubuntu/trusty-media Adding this PPA to your system........
  • DRBD Split-brain solution


    Uh oh [17925926.174277] block drbd0: Handshake successful: Agreed network protocol version 96 [17925926.174325] block drbd0: conn( WFConnection -> WFReportParams ) [17925926.174342] block drbd0: Starting asender thread (from drbd0_receiver [1682]) [17925926.174432] block drbd0: data-integrity-alg: [17925926.174581] block drbd0: drbd_sync_handshake: [17925926.174586] block drbd0: self 2AAE66AF9252D6DB:2815BF........
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    2017-01-12 14:25:36 529 (ERROR): The installer was unable to verify that your kernel supports IPv6. 2017-01-12 14:25:36 530 (ERROR): The message received when trying to create an IPv6 socket was Address already in use 2017-01-12 14:25:36 531 (ERROR): Please ensure that the ipv6 module is enabled and loaded in your kernel. 2017-01-12 14:25:36 532 (FATAL): Exiting... Solution This happened........
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    This can happen because port 80 is not open, or your license has expired and/or your IP is out of date and also if the license server itself from cPanel is having issues. In most cases as long as you have a valid license the following command will solve it: /usr/local/cpanel/cpkeyclt Updating cPanel license...Done. Update succeeded. Building global cache for cpanel...Done Cannot........
  • openvz yum problem Centos 6.5 cannot find file on mirror:


    #solution Edit /etc/yum.repos.d/openvz.repo For the first two entries comment out #mirrorlist and uncomment #baseurl and then it worked openvz yum problem Centos 6.5 cannot find file on mirror: yum update Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Determining fastest mirrors * openvz-kernel-rhel6: mirrors.ustc.edu.cn * openvz-utils: mirrors.ustc.edu.cn base ........
  • CPanel Link to all of the command line options


    CPanel says you can access 98% of the functions through CLI which experienced Unix/Linux admins prefer for simplicity and for scripting.  I've never found CPanel easy to use from the admin panel, it seems everything is hard to find and a simple task becomes a series of hunts. So for people like me here's the list: http://cpanel.net/system-administrators/command-line-scrip........
  • error: Legacy syntax is unsupported: copyright error: line 10: Unknown tag: Copyright: distributable


    Usually just modify the .spec file to resolve this: vi specfile.spec Change "Copyright: GPL" to "License: GPL" and try again.........
  • guestmount to mount a disk image


    guestmount -a yourimage.img -m /dev/sda1 --ro /mountpoint Change "yourimage.img"to the actual disk image. Change "/dev/sda1" to the device on the disk image you want to mount. --ro is specified only if you don't want write access (good to ensure you don't mess anything up if you just want to recover data).........
  • LSI MegaRAID Adventures, Guide and HowTo


    LSi Megaraid At first it was configured as a RAID 0, then I deleted the Virtual Disk Group. I thought both drives would be shown and detected in Linux as sda and sdb but it actually shows nothing. To make them work you have to hit Ctrl+R before the system boots (when prompted) and create a Virtual Disk Group. In my case I created each one as RAID 0 (with a single drive only) as I just wanted JBOD but there is no such option or default in these Dell Pe........
  • yum update error


    yum update error Traceback (most recent call last): File "/usr/bin/yum", line 29, in ? yummain.user_main(sys.argv[1:], exit_code=True) File "/usr/share/yum-cli/yummain.py", line 229, in user_main errcode = main(args) File "/usr/share/yum-cli/yummain.py", line 145, in main (result, resultmsgs) = base.buildTransaction() &nbs........
  • Ubuntu Download Packages/Updates for EOL Unsupported Old Releases


    I installed Ubuntu 11.04 for testing purposes but I couldn't even download SSH server: sudo sed -i -e 's/us.archive.ubuntu.com/old-releases.ubuntu.com/g' /etc/apt/sources.list After running the above make sure you do a "apt-get update" Note with the above that Ihave the search string of "us.archive.ubuntu.com" change it to whatever is in your sources.list The above does not fix all repositories either, I haven't had a chance t........
  • xen how to resize an image properly


    The best way I could figure out is to use another guest of some sort to do this, while assigning the disk that needs to be resized to the same guest. So say we have /dev/xvda as the guests drive and we've booted it up. We also have /dev/xvdb (this is going to be the image/disk to be resized). In this case it's based on an ext3/4 image. Run e2fsck on it to ensure there are no filesystem errors. e2fsck /dev/xvdb........
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    iptables v1.3.5: can't initialize iptables table `nat': Table does not exist (do you need to insmod?) This solution applies to all other iptables modules/problems for OpenVZ, you'll just need to add them to both lists/lines below if you have modules other than what I have below. The modules need to be enabled in both iptables and the OpenVZ hostnode itself and then the containers which need it must be restarted. How To Enable IPTables Modules in OpenVZ........
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    I've thought for awhile that Asus has been banking on its years old reputation for quality amongst gamers and enthusiasts and I think I'm right. My Asus VE247H Monitor with a supposed 2MS refresh rate has 1 red/stuck/dead pixel but fortunately it can only be seen on a non-true black picture or against a blue screen. I have several Asus products and find they're all of fairly poor quality. First of all their motherboards have given me the most issues of any brand, they te........
  • Ubuntu Suspend Solution Fix blank screen laptop/computer won't come back


    Even in new versions of Ubuntu this happens but for me I found out it was because of one feature under "Power Management". I had "Spindown hard disks when possible" ticked, after disabling that, my computer wakes up from suspension every time now. So if your computer won't unsuspend with any version of Ubuntu/*Nix try disabling the spin down hard disk option as it's obviously the culprit for many situations.........
  • Openvz CPT ERR: cc4c0800,28000 :Unknown image version: 304. Can't restore.


    CPT ERR: cc4c0800,28000 :Unknown image version: 304. Can't restore. This happens when you live migrate between OpenVZ servers with different kernels running, at least significantly different by date. There is no solution except to make sure you're running the same kernels on all machines, or at least not kernels that are much older or different (this is just a guess though, you should ensure all kernels are the same).........
  • Kernel/make compilation time and how to improve compile times/compile the Linux kernel faster without hardware upgrades


    I thought only a faster CPUand SSDwould help but I already have a Quad-Core CPU and it wasn't being maxed out. The actual tests were performed on an AMD-V enabled 128MB dual core VMWare container though. There is a flag that can be passed to make in order to start multiple threads, by specifying 4 threads I was able to reduce the whole kernel compilation time from scratch by about 50%! (65minutes vs 31minutes!). *Yes I did do a make clean before each co........
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    I don't have a solution other than to use rsync, I used diff on about 1.7TB of data which includes hundreds of thousands if not millions of small files to ensure nothing was missing or corrupt. diff didn't even get past the first large directory without spitting that error out. Keep in mind I used "diff -r" because that means recursive, otherwise it wouldn't compare all files and subdirectories and would be a false way of doing it.........
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    After Installing pgina I couldn't login to Windows anymore with my blank password Administrator account! An unknown error has prevented your account from being created.nrThis may be due to policy or security settings as well as other machine configuration.nrPlease consult your administrator. Hit F8 to start Windows in Safe Mode and you can login normally and then remove PGina, it shouldn't cause this problem or behavior out of the box.........
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    drup 6.2 install $cd drupgoodinst3883/ [ drupgoodinst3883]$ ls CHANGELOG.txt cron.php index.php INSTALL.pgsql.txt INSTALL.txt MAINTAINERS.txt modules robots.txt sites update.php xmlrpc.php COPYRIGHT.txt includes INSTALL.mysql.txt install.php LICENSE.txt misc&........
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    Forbidden You don't have permission to access / on this server. [Sun Jan 23 15:28:12 2011] [crit] [client 96.44.31.12] (13)Permission denied: /www/vhosts/domain.com/httpdocs/.htaccess pcfg_openfile: unable to check htaccess file, ensure it is readable Solution I've done a chmod 755 .htaccess and index.php and restarted Apache That wasn't the only issue, the issue was the httpdocs direc........
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    Virtualmin Postfix Error: The status of your system is being checked to ensure that all enabled features are available, that the mail server is properly configured, and that quotas are active .. A problem was found with your Postfix virtual maps : No map sources were found in the Postfix configuration .. your system is not ready for use by Virtualmin. ........
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    Install the "Editors" and "Net" groups that will give you rsync, ssh, ssh-keygen and cron. The trickiest thing that I keep forgetting about each time is you have to run "cron-config" which adds the cron service to Windows, and without doing that obviously no cron jobs will be run thus making automatic backups impossible. Warning about rsync/cygwin and using the -a archive switch. It's a good thing I caught this because it doesn't work ri........
  • rsync preserve attributes, permissions/ownership and times without being root non-root user


    One of the purposes of rsync is to backup whole filesystems and archive them but how can you do that properly and restore things to normal if all permissions and ownerships are not preserved from your root filesystem? It's not desirable to have everything running as root, especially not just for an rsync. The Easy rsync preserve permission solution for non-root users sudo is the answer and all you have to do is edit /etc/sudoers At the end o........
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    wget http://download.virtualbox.org/virtualbox/3.2.8/VirtualBox-3.2-3.2.8_64453_rhel5-1.i386.rpm rpm -i http://download.virtualbox.org/virtualbox/3.2.8/VirtualBox-3.2-3.2.8_64453_rhel5-1.i386.rpm error: Failed dependencies: libGLU.so.1 is needed by VirtualBox-3.2-3.2.8_64453_rhel5-1.i386 libSDL-1.2.so.0 is needed by VirtualBox-3.2-3.2.8_64453_rhel5-1.i386 libXmu.so.6 is needed b........
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    This server was experiencing loads of up to 80 and maxing out the RAM and kmemsize on a CPanel VPS. There were literally dozens if not hundreds of exim processes. I have no idea why exim has such a design that would allow it to consume this much CPU and RAM. Any normal MTA should not be spawning so many processes, it should be processing them in sequence and if it is going to spawn hundreds of processes in response to a large volume of mail, it's better to have a delayed del........
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    www.antec.outervision.com/index.jsp I found that wattage/power consumption tool to be very useful, especially when you're worried that you're hitting the Power Supply's limit. You'll see very quickly that different CPU's, Graphics, Cards, HDDS use a wide range of energy. That tool can help you choose a build that won't stress or go over the maximum limits of your Power Supply.........
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    It's not just as simple as running the chroot command, you need to ensure the /proc and /dev entries are passed through and populated to the chroot environment. Step 1 - Mount Your Off-lineOS mount /dev/sda1 /mnt Step 2 - Mount Proc mount -t proc none /mnt/proc Step 3 - Mount Dev Most guides will tell you to use this: mount -o bind /dev /mnt//dev but that doesn't work for some reason in many cases: mount: wron........
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    From the package "parted" you can use the command "partprobe" to re-read the partition table. I really hate rebooting, and that's what Iloved to hear about AHCI motherboards, that they allow hotswap so you don't have to reboot. But that's only as good as the OS, if the OS does not reload the partition table you won't be able to do anything with that new drive you attached without rebooting. Yes, even without re-reading the partiton table Linux will........
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    PHP cannot access /usr/bin/opensslI have verified the username that runs the process is able to access /usr/bin/openssl and it does exist but the PHP script is saying it doesn't exist: [code:1:1fd0f3abbe] if (!file_exists($OPENSSL)) { //echo "ERROR: OPENSSL $OPENSSL not foundn"; }[/code:1:1fd0f3abbe] I don't get itI can clearly see the contents of /usr/bin by using the PHP system fu........
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