• How to set Linux Ubuntu Redhat Debian Command Line http https socks proxy for yum apt


    Just export these variables: export http_proxy="socks5://127.0.0.1:1234" export https_proxy="socks5://127.0.0.1:1234" The above example uses a socks 5 proxy at localhost and port 1234. This is a great way to improve performance of some activities for things like package installation, especially if your routing is not ideal to the repos.........
  • How to configure OpenDKIM on Linux with Postfix and setup bind zonefile


    This guide assumes you have a working Postfix server and want it to sign with DKIM. There are a few things we have to understand to make all of this work though, which require you to be familiar with DNS as well. 1.) Install OpenDKIM apt install opendkim systemctl enable opendkim 2.) Edit /etc/opendkim.conf Syslog yes SyslogSuccess yes Mode&nbs........
  • How To Stop DNSMasq from listening on all IPs/Interfaces and allow only localhost


    Some people find it less than intuitive to do on DNSMasq and by default DNSMasq is available on 0.0.0.0 which could even be your LAN or Public IP. Active Internet connections (servers and established) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name tcp ........
  • How to install and configure haproxy on Linux Ubuntu Debian


    haproxy is one of the best known and widely used Open Source load balancers out there and a strong competitor to nginx. haproxy is used by many large sites per Wikipedia: HAProxy is used by a number of high-profile websites including GoDaddy, GitHub,........
  • GlusterFS HowTo Tutorial For Distributed Storage in Docker, Kubernetes, LXC, KVM, Proxmox


    This can be used on almost anything, since Gluster is a userspace tool, based on FUSE. This means that all Gluster appears as to any application is just a directory. Applications don't need specific support for Gluster, so long as you can tell the application to use a certain directory for storage. One application can be for redundant and scaled storage, including for within Docker and Kubernetes, LXC, Proxmox, OpenStack, etc or just your image/web/video files or even da........
  • How To Install NextCloud on Centos 7 and Centos 8


    yum -y install wget unzip wget https://download.nextcloud.com/server/releases/nextcloud-18.0.2.zip unzip nextcloud-18.0.2.zip yum -y install php php-mysqlnd php-json php-zip php-dom php-xml php-libxml php-mbstring php-gd mysql mysql-server Last metadata expiration check: 0:58:02 ago on Fri 13 Mar 2020 02:12:49 PM EDT. Dependencies resolved. ===================================================================........
  • MySQL 5.7 on Debian and Ubuntu - How To Reset Root Password


    MySQL on Debian versions is configured differently than the native local MySQL plugin so you will be disappointed when your password on the mysql client fails by default. Here is how you reset the MySQL root password the proper and "working way" #first we gracefully stop mysql sudo systemctl stop mysql; #then we forcefully kill any mysqld process just in case sudo killall -9 mysqld mysqld_safe;........
  • MariaDB / MySQL Reset Root Forgotten Password on Centos 7


    mysql reset root password. Oops I can't remember my MySQL root password! [root@centos7test etc]# mysql -u root -p Enter password: ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: YES) First we need to stop mariadb: systemctl stop mariadb Now we need to restart it with skip-grant-tables whic........
  • Centos 7 How to install Mysql/Mariadb


    yum -y install mariadb-server systemctl start mariadb mysql_secure_installation Now we need to secure our install and set the MariaDB root password: The lines you need to act on are marked in bold shown with the answer you need. mysql_secure_installation NOTE: RUNNING ALL PARTS OF THIS SCRIPT IS RECOMMENDED FOR ALL MariaDB SER........
  • MySQL Bash Query to pipe input directly without using heredoc trick


    Most of us know the heredoc method but what if you need a basic query done repeatedly and manually while working from bash? It is a pain to manually type mysql and login each time. With this command below you can semi-automate those queries: echo "use somedb; select * from auctions" | mysql -u root --password="yourpassword" Just modify the above to suit your needs and you can add more queries by adding a sem........
  • MySQL Cheatsheet Guide and Tutorial


    Create Database: create database yourdbname; Show All Databases: show databases; Change Database: use mysql; Drop / Delete a MySQL Database: drop database nameofyourdatabase;........
  • Centos 7 tftpd will not work with selinux enabled


    In Centos 7 tftpd will not work with selinux. Clients will not be able to connect and this is all you'll see in the log (then nothing more): Sep 18 14:39:15 localhost xinetd[4327]: START: tftp pid=4331 from=192.168.1.65 On the client/computer side you will see this: TFTP. PXE-M0F: Exiting Intel Boot Agent Basically the client is being instantly connected and bloc........
  • Bind / named not responding to queries solution


    By default bind will not respond to outside queries for security reasons. In most distributions you will find the default in /etc/named.conf looks like this at the top under options: listen-on port 53 { 127.0.0.1; }; listen-on-v6 port 53 { ::1; }; directory "/var/named";........
  • Cisco Unified Communications Manager 12 Install Errors on Proxmox/KVM


    The strange thing is that usually the first install or two will work on any new machine but then it suddenly won't. I had this experience on QEMU 2.13 on a different machine. There is something finicky or buggy about the CUCM installer even when choosing the same virtual hardware specs. qemu-kvm command: /usr/libexec/qemu-kvm -version QEMU PC emulator version 0.12.1 (qemu-kvm-0.12.1.2-2.506.el6_10.1), Copyright (c) 2003-2008 Fabrice Bellard ........
  • SSH persistent and automatic login script for proxy


    #!/bin/bash sshcommand="ssh -N -R 20000:localhost:22 user@8.8.8.8" result=`ps aux|grep $sshcommand"|grep -v grep` if [ -z "$result" ]; then echo "we are going to connect" $sshcommand else echo "we are already connected" fi This is a handy script you can use and then add it to cron. Save........
  • ssh reverse proxy to enable remote access behind a LAN and firewall


    So say you are behind a typical NAT/LAN setup whether at home, work or while travelling. What if you have a computer or server that you need to connect to from the outside? Yes you could use a VPN but a quick and dirty, temporary and secure way is to use SSH's Reverse Tunneling Proxy feature. Requirements On the remote ssh server host you need the GatewayPorts option enabled in sshd_config (be........
  • SSH error cannot Forward or Listen "bind: Cannot assign requested address"


    debug1: Local connections to LOCALHOST:18006 forwarded to remote address 192.168.1.93:8006 debug1: Local forwarding listening on 127.0.0.1 port 18006. debug1: channel 0: new [port listener] debug1: Local forwarding listening on ::1 port 18006. bind: Cannot assign requested address What we are seeing is that we can't listen on an IPV6 address of ::1. We need to tell SSH to stop using IPV6 so we'll edit ssh_config to take care of this issue........
  • X11 SSH Linux Forwarding Error


    Jan 30 17:16:10 localhost sshd[25385]: error: Failed to allocate internet-domain X11 display socket. The solution for me on the server side was the following in sshd_config: AddressFamily inet *Remember to restart sshd and also reconnect from the client side. Ihad all the normal X11 settings on the server but it just stopped........
  • MySQL Using mytop Debug Source of High IO and Slow Performance


    mytop is one of my favorite tools and it is fairly simple aside from a few caveats and issues that persist to this day. To install it on Centos: yum -y install centos Configure ~/.mytop vi ~/.mytop user=root host=localhost db=test #port=3306 socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock header=1 color=1 Try runni........
  • vmkping -I vmk1 10.0.2.69 PING 10.0.2.69 (10.0.2.69): 56 data bytes sendto() failed (Host is down)


    [root@localhost:~] vmkping -I vmk1 10.0.2.69 PING 10.0.2.69 (10.0.2.69): 56 data bytes sendto() failed (Host is down) vsphere distributed switch vmotion not working [root@localhost:~] esxcfg-route -l VMkernel Routes: Network Netmask Gateway Interface&........
  • VMWare ESXi 6.7 SSH/PowerShell CLI Commands


    [root@localhost:~] BootModuleConfig.sh echo host-ind nfcd........
  • Relocating modules and starting up the kernel - VMWare ESXi 6.7 Error and Solution


    I had this error in an unsupported CPUon VMWare 6.7 and apparently this sometimes works especially on older VMWare versions like 6.5 5.5 etc (but in my case it did not). To make sure it proceed when you see "Loading VMWare" Hit "Shift+O" Then add "ignoreHeadless=TRUE" See an example below:........
  • VMWare 6.7 VCSA VSphere ESXi Management SSO Install Guide on Linux using the CLI


    #mount the VCSA DVD mount /dev/sr0 /mnt/cd #alternatively you could mount the iso directly mount -o loop vcsa.iso /your/mount/path #for this purpose we are using the CLI installer on Linux cd /mnt/cd/vcsa-cli-installer/lin64 #no it's not going to be that easy you can't just run vcsa-deploy like that you need to use a template or configured .json file ./vcsa-deploy Usage: vcsa-deploy [-h] [--version] [--supported-deploymen........
  • not allowed to execute '/usr/bin/apt-get install eclipse' as root linux sudo user permisson issue and solution


    This is most likely to happen on a normal GUI system like Ubuntu or Linux Mint. If you or the user is meant to have sudo / root privileges it is as simple as editing the following files: Now assume your username is "iamtheuser" vi /etc/group adm:x:4:syslog,iamtheuser sudo:x:27:anotheruser,iamtheuser Find the above lines and add a comma and "ia........
  • Database Error One or more of the WHMCS database tables appear to be either missing or corrupted. Please check and repair. - WHMCS Solution


    Database Error One or more of the WHMCS database tables appear to be either missing or corrupted. Please check and repair. This error can be misleading especially if you know you are using a known good backup or restoration of the WHMCS database. The error can also be that the user lacks permissions to read and write to the database. To check to this in MySQL shell: GRANT read,write to dbusername@localhost on dbna........
  • No comments are allowed here Internal Server Error The server encountered an internal error or misconfiguration and was unable to complete your request.


    Internal Server Error The server encountered an internal error or misconfiguration and was unable to complete your request. Please contact the server administrator, root@localhost and inform them of the time the error occurred, and anything you might have done that may have caused the error. More information about this error may be available in the server error log. Apache/2.2.15 (CentOS) Server at testdomain.com Port 80........
  • solution mysqldump: Got error: 1044: Access denied for user 'user'@'localhost' to database 'thedb' when using LOCK TABLES


    It is simple the user just needs to be given the "LOCK TABLES" privilege. As root run this command: GRANT LOCK TABLES ON yourdatabase.* TO yourmysqluser@localhost;........
  • MySQL How To Grant Access To ALL Databases For Export and Backup Purposes


    GRANT SELECT, LOCK TABLES ON *.* TO yourmysqluser@localhost; All you need to do a full MySQL dump on all databases is the SELECT and LOCK TABLES privileges. This way you don't have to use the mysql root user. Data could be compromised this way but at least no harm from manipulation, changes or deletion are possible by locking down the privileges to the minimum for a full MySQL dump and backup.........
  • Linux input/output error invalid program cannot read data on some CD-Rs and DVD-Rs on ASUS BW-16D1HT


    I've never seen this before in all of my years. Ihave some very old CDs and DVDs 12-15 years old that seem not to work in this BD-R/DVD-R/CD-R Asus drive. The discs are fine actually and ironically they even work fine on a normal LG USB based BD-R drive! Here are the errors in Linux: [2914936.884924] attempt to access beyond end of device [2914936.884927] loop1: rw=0, want=730424, limit=688384 [2914954.556873] attempt to........
  • cudaminer freezes Linux Mint taints kernel


    When running cudaminer once it tries to initialize the card the entire screen freezes. The computer itself is still running but the Xorg is done for, you cannot even switch to another console window and must reboot (even an mdm or Xorg restart does not help). At first cudaminer will give you these errors: stratrum_recv_line failed ...retry after 15 seconds GPU #0: Geforce 210 with compute ca........
  • Linux Mint Install Netboot PXE Guide Howto


    *Update so this doesn't work it must be something to do with the path of nfs or something else but the installer fails with "Installer crashed" at the end whereas with the CD/USB it works. This assumes you've already installed and configured a separate PXE/DHCP server somewhere else and your /tftpboot directory is setup. This is for Linux Mint 18.1 but generally applies to most versions although you may have tro change things like "casper"........
  • cPanel error Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' when adding remote MySQL IP address solution


    Error while connecting to MYSQL: (XID 4ea7s9) Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: YES) at /usr/local/cpanel/Cpanel/Mysql.pm line 181 Solution This error occurs because the /root/.my.cnf has the wrong/outdated password for MySQL root user. Simply edit /root/.my.cnf with the correct user. This normally happens if you update outside of cPanel.........
  • MySQL Allow Access from Remote Host IP and Update All Users


    Change Host="192.168.5.99" with the remote IP allowed(this is of course more secure but also cumbersome if your IP changes). You could also have a single layer of protection that specifies the IP via firewall or both (of course both are far mor secure). UPDATE user SET Host="192.168.5.99" where Host="localhost" or for any/wildcard UPDATE user SET Host="%" where Host="localhost&qu........
  • iptables how to forward localhost port to remote public IP


    iptables -t nat -A OUTPUT -m addrtype --src-type LOCAL --dst-type LOCAL -p tcp --dport 3306 -j DNAT --to-destination ip.ip.ip.ip iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -m addrtype --src-type LOCAL --dst-type UNICAST -j MASQUERADE sysctl -w net.ipv4.conf.all.route_localnet=1 Make sure you substitute "ip.ip.ip.ip" for your real public IP and also the "--dport 3306" for the port you want to forward. Finally run the sysctl command and........
  • Centos 6 how to guide convert LVM non-RAID into mdadm 1/10 RAID array live without reinstalling


    Here is the scenario you or a client have a remote machine that was installed as a standard/default minimal Centos 6.x machine on a single disk with LVM for whatever reason. Often many people do not know how to install it to a RAID array so it is common to have this problem and why reinstall if you don't need to? In some cases on a remote system you can't easily reinstall without physical or KVM access. So in this case you add a second physical or disk or already ha........
  • Unable to configure RSA server private key SSL Library Error: 185073780 error:0B080074:x509 certificate routines:X509_check_private_key:key values mismatch


    [Tue Jun 23 02:05:52 2015] [error] Unable to configure RSA server private key [Tue Jun 23 02:05:52 2015] [error] SSL Library Error: 185073780 error:0B080074:x509 certificate routines:X509_check_private_key:key values mismatch The above is an accurate description of what is wrong. In our case the client made a simple mistake of thinking the localhost.crt and localhost.key (default key locations for Apache SSL in Centos) were in the same directory but they we........
  • Postfix how to secure outgoing authenticated e-mails for privacy and hide the IP address, mailer and other things


    The most common solution is to use the /etc/postfix/header_checks but this is a big problem. Why is header_checks a problem? Because it does it to all mail whether incoming or outgoing and whether authenticated or not. We of course want as much header information for incoming as we can get for many reasons but many organizations want to secure and make their mail clients as secure as possible. I adapted this solution to the client's custom config, they are configur........
  • SSH HowTo Create Port Forwards


    ssh -L 5905:localhost:5900 root@yourserver.com The "-L" means to create a port forward to a port on your server. The 5905 means the port on your computer that will be used to access the port 5900 on the remote server. localhost is the IP that you use to access the port forward (you can change it to 0.0.0.0 which will be all IPs on your system/computer but localhost is good for security and privacy unless a whole network of people need access).........
  • MySQL Allows blank user with no password to login


    I just realized I have some blank users which I deleted butI can still login to this dummy account without a password for some reason. mysql -u -p Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or g. Your MySQL connection id is 5 Server version: 5.1.69 Source distribution Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation an........
  • MySQL my.cnf Server How To Secure/Bind to Localhost and Prevent Outside Connections Solutions


    [mysqld] datadir=/var/lib/mysql socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock user=mysql # Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks symbolic-links=0 bind-address=127.0.0.1 The key is "bind-address", set that to 127.0.0.1 and no one from outside the server can connect.........
  • mysqldump: Couldn't execute 'show create table `general_log`': SHOW command denied to user 'user'@'localhost' for table 'general_log' (1142) - Solution


    mysqldump: Couldn't execute 'show create table `general_log`': SHOW command denied to user 'user'@'localhost' for table 'general_log' (1142) One of my clients almost found out the hard way, here is an unlikely situation that happened. 1.) Years ago the client had another VPS to which they backed up a BLOG nightly to an .sql file, what they forgot is that the file also contained all databases (they used the --all-databases option but forgot). So imagi........
  • Linux/Debian shutdown/reboot without going through init force


    -bash-3.1# shutdown -rn now Connection to localhost closed by remote host. Connection to localhost closed. Sometimes I work with embedded systems/custom kernels without any of the fancy init scripts and other common Linux basics that most would expect. This means that often the "reboot" command (which uses an init script) will never work, not only that but it will hang the server and a manual power cycle or reboo........
  • MySQL Authentication fails after Upgrade to Version 5.5


    ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'contentmanager'@'localhost' (using password: YES) For fun I thought I'd reset the password: GRANT ALL ON thecontent.* TO contentmanager IDENTIFIED by 'dfdfsdfdsfsdfsd'; ERROR 1470 (HY000): String 'contentmanager' is too long for user name (should be no longer than 16) This is ridiculous that this new version has some bizarre 16 character username limit and not only that but i........
  • Drupal/MySQL database error: PDOException: SQLSTATE[42000] [1044] Access denied for user 'db_user'@'localhost' to database 'dbname' in lock_may_be_available() (line 167 of /home/user/public_html/includes/lock.inc).


    PDOException: SQLSTATE[42000] [1044] Access denied for user 'db_user'@'localhost' to database 'dbname' in lock_may_be_available() (line 167 of /home/user/public_html/includes/lock.inc). The username and password were correct but some reason CPanel added the user with no permissions! Edit the user's permissions to include "All" from Cpanel or MySQL and that is the solution.........
  • Apache High CPU Usage Enable Mod_Status Guide Solution - Find Cause of High CPU Usage Script/Domain


    mod_status is a great way to track down the source of high CPU usage and to find what vhost/script is the cause of it. It gives you a live view of bandwith usage, CPU usage, and memory usage broken down by domain/vhost and script/URI. Enable mod_status vi /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf ExtendedStatus On SetHandler server-status Order Deny,Allow Deny from all All........
  • telnet force escape/quite with Ctrl + ]


    telnet localhost 80 Trying localhost... Connected to localhost). Escape character is '^]'. ^] telnet> A lot of people don't know that "^" means the Control Key, so many times you can't force quite telnet without knowing that (Ctrl + C won't always work). *Just use Ctrl + ] Ihope this saves some time and frustration from some people.........
  • monit example tutorial how to enable status checking and manipulation


    You need to enable the httpd daemon with monit to actually view the status and control, it's not only for the web interface since the httpd is theONLY way of controlling monit and viewing the status. monit monitor all will also reinstate disabled services if they've timed out too much. Just restarting the service will do nothing to re-monitor a service that monit has stopped monitoring due to too many failures. *Also note that /etc/monit.conf i........
  • Enable SPAMASSASSIN on Postfix in 5 minutes


    Centos 5 Postfix and SPAMASSASSIN Tutorial yum install spamassassin chkconfig spamassassin on vi /etc/mail/spamassassin/local.cf ############## #required_hits 5 #report_safe 0 #rewrite_header Subject [SPAM] #5 is the least restrictive (means only the most obvious SPAM is caught. 0 is obviously the most restrictive/sensitive and would have lots of false positives require........
  • Postfix/Any Email Server check for Open Relay


    The first thing you need to remember is not to check from the same host/server itself. This is a silly mistake I made, the reason is that many mailservers and especially postfix are configured to allow relaying from the localhost/same host. If you do that you'll get a false positive. *Make sure you test from another host/system than the mail server itself! telnet yourmailserverhost.com 25 220 Courier (FreeBS........
  • Why does mdadm have two sets of UUID's?


    Which one does the OS care about? blkid says the UUID is "787f1fa4-b010-4d77-a010-795b42884f56" while md insists its UUID is "4d96dd3b:deb5d555:7adb93cb:ce9182d9" When in doubt, do we assume the OS takes the one from blkid? /dev/md0: UUID="787f1fa4-b010-4d77-a010-795b42884f56" TYPE="ext3" [root@localhost ~]# mdadm -D /dev/md0 /dev/md0: Version : 0.90 &........
  • Unixbench Score on Core i5 750 with OpenVZ Kernel vs Xen/Openvz


    This was unbelievable how much the Xen kernel slows things down, keep in mind both tests were done on the hostnode, one was with the Openvz-Xen hybrid kernel and the other was just OpenVZ. You can see the performance difference is nearly 300% better when not using the Xen kernel. OpenVZ-Xen Kernel Test Results (I was wondering what was wrong/so slow with my Core i5!) # # # # # #&n........
  • Is your NIC really down and really dying? r8169: eth0: link up r8169: eth0: link down NetworkManager: (eth0): carrier now OFF (device state 1)


    Apr 30 17:07:07 localhost kernel: [12265558.582378] r8169: eth0: link up Apr 30 17:07:07 localhost NetworkManager: (eth0): carrier now ON (device state 1) Apr 30 17:07:08 localhost kernel: [12265559.237961] r8169: eth0: link down Apr 30 17:07:08 localhost NetworkManager: (eth0): carrier now OFF (device state 1) Apr 30 17:07:11 localhost NetworkManager: (eth0): carrier now ON (device state 1) Apr........
  • Seagate Drive 500GB Drive Dying


    This drive is clearly on the way out, the Kernel knows it but I'm surprised that SMART is not concerned. I didn't blame Seagate for their past issues until now. This hard drive has hardly been used and has not even been powered on for a year according to SMART. Home page is http://smartmontools.sourceforge.net/ === START OF INFORMATION SECTION === Model Family: Seagate Barracuda 7200.11 Device........
  • CREATE Database/Granting Privileges


    CREATE Database/Granting PrivilegesCREATE your first database Code: [code:1:0668cd8e74]CREATE database myfirstdb; [/code:1:0668cd8e74] CREATE a user for your first database This one creates the user 'sqladmin' and gives them 'usage' on your new database 'myfirstdb' Code: [code:1:0668cd8e74]mysql> GRANT usage on myfirstdb.* to sqladmin@localhost; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)[/code:1:0668........
  • Updated to Version 3.8 and can't login


    Updated to Version 3.8 and can't loginSSHD accepts my password but then hangs at "Last login: Wed Sep 13 21:30:02 2006 from" This occurred during a yum update after upgrading my release, installing the new kernel and rebooting. I got kicked out of sshd after seeing the following during yum update: telnet 100 % done 85/476 tux 100 % done 86/476 ntsysv 100 % done 87/476 rpmdb-redhat 94 % done 88/476........
  • OCFS2 crash


    When trying to even cd or ls the mounted OCFS2 partition it crashes. Ithink this is a combination of VMWare Server's problem and the way I mounted and symlinked to it. More than anything this shows the problem and lack of forsight with VMWare, but also that OCFS2 is easily crashed if you do strange things. Output of /var/log/messages for OCFS2 Apr 10 15:57:45 localhost kernel: [84331.691258] Modules linked in: vmnet vmci vmmon ocfs2_stac........
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