It may appear to be an Xorg or lightdm/gdm/mdm error but in reality for many users with this issue, it's a driver conflict and issue. I had a system that had two GPUs, an Intel and Nvidia GPU.
The only thing that got it working was to remove the nouveau driver and blacklist it so it never came back, then the Intel GPU works fine without these issues.
sudo rmmod nouveau
edit this file: /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf
blacklist nouveau
Sep 14 17:50:25 laptop kernel: [ 1.936122] [drm] Memory usable by graphics device = 4096M
Sep 14 17:50:25 laptop kernel: [ 1.936124] checking generic (d0000000 410000) vs hw (d0000000 10000000)
Sep 14 17:50:25 laptop kernel: [ 1.936125] fb: switching to inteldrmfb from VESA VGA
Sep 14 17:50:25 laptop kernel: [ 1.936143] Console: switching to colour dummy device 80x25
Sep 14 17:50:25 laptop kernel: [ 1.936229] [drm] Replacing VGA console driver
Sep 14 17:50:25 laptop kernel: [ 1.936686] [drm] ACPI BIOS requests an excessive sleep of 20000 ms, using 1500 ms instead
Sep 14 17:50:25 laptop kernel: [ 1.942234] [drm] Supports vblank timestamp caching Rev 2 (21.10.2013).
Sep 14 17:50:25 laptop kernel: [ 1.942235] [drm] Driver supports precise vblank timestamp query.
Sep 14 17:50:25 laptop kernel: [ 1.944152] i915 0000:00:02.0: vgaarb: changed VGA decodes: olddecodes=io+mem,decodes=io+mem:owns=io+mem
Sep 14 17:50:25 laptop kernel: [ 1.949799] ------------[ cut here ]------------
Sep 14 17:50:25 laptop kernel: [ 1.949800] Could not determine valid watermarks for inherited state
Sep 14 17:50:25 laptop kernel: [ 1.949848] WARNING: CPU: 3 PID: 167 at /build/linux-96lg89/linux-4.15.0/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/intel_display.c:14537 intel_modeset_init+0xfcf/0x1010 [i915]
Sep 14 17:50:25 laptop kernel: [ 1.949849] Modules linked in: i915(+) raid1 i2c_algo_bit drm_kms_helper syscopyarea sysfillrect sysimgblt fb_sys_fops drm ahci r8169 psmouse mii libahci video
Sep 14 17:50:25 laptop kernel: [ 1.949856] CPU: 3 PID: 167 Comm: systemd-udevd Not tainted 4.15.0-188-generic #199-Ubuntu
Sep 14 17:50:25 laptop kernel: [ 1.949856] Hardware name:
Sep 14 17:50:25 laptop kernel: [ 1.949885] RIP: 0010:intel_modeset_init+0xfcf/0x1010 [i915]
Sep 14 17:50:25 laptop kernel: [ 1.949886] RSP: 0018:ffffb0b28202f9b0 EFLAGS: 00010286
Sep 14 17:50:25 laptop kernel: [ 1.949887] RAX: 0000000000000000 RBX: ffff89e010060000 RCX: ffffffffa1a63b28
Sep 14 17:50:25 laptop kernel: [ 1.949888] RDX: 0000000000000001 RSI: 0000000000000096 RDI: 0000000000000247
Sep 14 17:50:25 laptop kernel: [ 1.949888] RBP: ffffb0b28202fa40 R08: 000000000000035e R09: 0000000000000004
Sep 14 17:50:25 laptop kernel: [ 1.949889] R10: 0000000000000040 R11: 0000000000000001 R12: ffff89e010a1b400
Sep 14 17:50:25 laptop kernel: [ 1.949890] R13: ffff89e01c52a400 R14: 00000000ffffffea R15: ffff89e010060358
Sep 14 17:50:25 laptop kernel: [ 1.949891] FS: 00007f1a1bfc3680(0000) GS:ffff89e02f580000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000
Sep 14 17:50:25 laptop kernel: [ 1.949892] CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033
Sep 14 17:50:25 laptop kernel: [ 1.949892] CR2: 00007f1a1bf98552 CR3: 00000004109b0004 CR4: 00000000003606e0
Sep 14 17:50:25 laptop kernel: [ 1.949893] Call Trace:
Sep 14 17:50:25 laptop kernel: [ 1.949920] i915_driver_load+0xa73/0xe60 [i915]
Sep 14 17:50:25 laptop kernel: [ 1.949944] i915_pci_probe+0x42/0x70 [i915]
Sep 14 17:50:25 laptop kernel: [ 1.949947] local_pci_probe+0x47/0xa0
Sep 14 17:50:25 laptop kernel: [ 1.949948] pci_device_probe+0xf1/0x1d0
Sep 14 17:50:25 laptop kernel: [ 1.949950] driver_probe_device+0x395/0x4a0
Sep 14 17:50:25 laptop kernel: [ 1.949952] __driver_attach+0xcc/0xf0
Sep 14 17:50:25 laptop kernel: [ 1.949953] ? driver_probe_device+0x4a0/0x4a0
Sep 14 17:50:25 laptop kernel: [ 1.949954] bus_for_each_dev+0x70/0xc0
Sep 14 17:50:25 laptop kernel: [ 1.949955] driver_attach+0x1e/0x20
Sep 14 17:50:25 laptop kernel: [ 1.949956] bus_add_driver+0x1c7/0x270
Sep 14 17:50:25 laptop kernel: [ 1.949957] ? 0xffffffffc0332000
Sep 14 17:50:25 laptop kernel: [ 1.949959] driver_register+0x60/0xe0
Sep 14 17:50:25 laptop kernel: [ 1.949959] ? 0xffffffffc0332000
Sep 14 17:50:25 laptop kernel: [ 1.949960] __pci_register_driver+0x5a/0x60
Sep 14 17:50:25 laptop kernel: [ 1.949987] i915_init+0x5c/0x5f [i915]
Sep 14 17:50:25 laptop kernel: [ 1.949989] do_one_initcall+0x52/0x1a0
Sep 14 17:50:25 laptop kernel: [ 1.949991] ? __vunmap+0xb5/0xe0
Sep 14 17:50:25 laptop kernel: [ 1.949993] ? _cond_resched+0x19/0x40
Sep 14 17:50:25 laptop kernel: [ 1.949995] ? kmem_cache_alloc_trace+0x167/0x1d0
Sep 14 17:50:25 laptop kernel: [ 1.949997] ? do_init_module+0x27/0x1f2
Sep 14 17:50:25 laptop kernel: [ 1.949998] do_init_module+0x4f/0x1f2
Sep 14 17:50:25 laptop kernel: [ 1.950001] load_module+0x1772/0x2000
Sep 14 17:50:25 laptop kernel: [ 1.950003] ? ima_post_read_file+0x96/0xa0
Sep 14 17:50:25 laptop kernel: [ 1.950005] SYSC_finit_module+0xfc/0x120
Sep 14 17:50:25 laptop kernel: [ 1.950006] ? SYSC_finit_module+0xfc/0x120
Sep 14 17:50:25 laptop kernel: [ 1.950008] SyS_finit_module+0xe/0x10
Sep 14 17:50:25 laptop kernel: [ 1.950010] do_syscall_64+0x73/0x130
Sep 14 17:50:25 laptop kernel: [ 1.950011] entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x41/0xa6
Sep 14 17:50:25 laptop kernel: [ 1.950012] RIP: 0033:0x7f1a1bacb539
Sep 14 17:50:25 laptop kernel: [ 1.950013] RSP: 002b:00007ffdd9a4f338 EFLAGS: 00000246 ORIG_RAX: 0000000000000139
Sep 14 17:50:25 laptop kernel: [ 1.950014] RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 000056178d3abb60 RCX: 00007f1a1bacb539
Sep 14 17:50:25 laptop kernel: [ 1.950014] RDX: 0000000000000000 RSI: 00007f1a1b7aa105 RDI: 0000000000000012
Sep 14 17:50:25 laptop kernel: [ 1.950015] RBP: 00007f1a1b7aa105 R08: 0000000000000000 R09: 00007ffdd9a4f450
Sep 14 17:50:25 laptop kernel: [ 1.950015] R10: 0000000000000012 R11: 0000000000000246 R12: 0000000000000000
Sep 14 17:50:25 laptop kernel: [ 1.950016] R13: 000056178d3d0a30 R14: 0000000000020000 R15: 000056178d3abb60
Sep 14 17:50:25 laptop kernel: [ 1.950017] Code: e9 46 fc ff ff 48 c7 c6 00 68 2c c0 48 c7 c7 58 5b 2c c0 e8 34 c0 45 e0 0f 0b e9 73 fe ff ff 48 c7 c7 c8 c0 2d c0 e8 21 c0 45 e0 <0f> 0b e9 4b fe ff ff 48 c7 c6 0d 68 2c c0 48 c7 c7 58 5b 2c c0
Sep 14 17:50:25 laptop kernel: [ 1.950030] ---[ end trace e0aff203c6d48748 ]---
Sep 14 17:50:25 laptop kernel: [ 1.952571] [drm] Initialized i915 1.6.0 20171023 for 0000:00:02.0 on minor 0
nouveau, nvidia, gpu, lightdm, xorg, failing, determine, valid, watermarks, inherited, stateit, gdm, mdm, users, gpus, intel, blacklist, sudo, rmmod, edit, etc, modprobe, conf, errors, sep, laptop, kernel, drm, usable, graphics, generic, vs, hw, fb, switching, inteldrmfb, vesa, vga, console, dummy, replacing, acpi, bios, requests, excessive, supports, vblank, timestamp, caching, rev, precise, query, vgaarb, decodes, olddecodes, io, mem, cpu, pid, linux, lg, drivers, intel_display, intel_modeset_init, xfcf, modules, linked, raid, c_algo_bit, drm_kms_helper, syscopyarea, sysfillrect, sysimgblt, fb_sys_fops, ahci, psmouse, mii, libahci, comm, systemd, udevd, tainted, ubuntu, hardware, rsp, ffffb, eflags, rax, rbx, ffff, rcx, ffffffffa, rdx, rsi, rdi, rbp, fa, ffffffea, fs, bfc, gs, knlgs, cs, ds, es, cr, bf, _driver_load, xa, xe, _pci_probe, local_pci_probe, pci_device_probe, xf, driver_probe_device, __driver_attach, xcc, bus_for_each_dev, xc, driver_attach, bus_add_driver, xffffffffc, driver_register, __pci_register_driver, _init, do_one_initcall, __vunmap, xb, _cond_resched, kmem_cache_alloc_trace, do_init_module, load_module, ima_post_read_file, sysc_finit_module, xfc, sys_finit_module, do_syscall_, entry_syscall_, _after_hwframe, bacb, ffdd, orig_rax, ffffffffffffffda, abb, aa, fc, ff, fe, aff, initialized,