On a test machine I was never able to access to a newly created 4th partiton. As we can see there are dev devices for everything but the 4th partition.
The normal "partprobe" or "kpartx" or kernel being told to rescan the block device didn't help (only a reboot did).
fdisk -l /dev/sda
Disk /dev/sda: 750.2 GB, 750156374016 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 91201 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 1 123 987966 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 124 3771 29302560 83 Linux
/dev/sda3 3772 11067 58605120 83 Linux
/dev/sda4 11068 91201 643676355 83 Linux
#but where is sda4 why can't I see it but the other partitions are available in /dev
ls /dev/sda*
/dev/sda /dev/sda1 /dev/sda2 /dev/sda3
partprobe didn't help
partprobe
Warning: WARNING: the kernel failed to re-read the partition table on /dev/sda (Device or resource busy). As a result, it may not reflect all of your changes until after reboot.
Warning: WARNING: the kernel failed to re-read the partition table on /dev/sdb (Device or resource busy). As a result, it may not reflect all of your changes until after reboot.
Warning: WARNING: the kernel failed to re-read the partition table on /dev/sdc (Device or resource busy). As a result, it may not reflect all of your changes until after reboot.
Warning: /dev/sdd contains GPT signatures, indicating that it has a GPT table. However, it does not have a valid fake msdos partition table, as it should. Perhaps it was corrupted -- possibly by a program that doesn't understand GPT partition tables. Or perhaps you deleted the GPT table, and are now using an msdos partition table. Is this a GPT partition table?
Warning: WARNING: the kernel failed to re-read the partition table on /dev/sdd (Device or resource busy). As a result, it may not reflect all of your changes until after reboot.
partx didn't help
partx -a /dev/sda
BLKPG: Device or resource busy
error adding partition 1
BLKPG: Device or resource busy
error adding partition 2
BLKPG: Device or resource busy
error adding partition 3
BLKPG: Device or resource busy
error adding partition 4
OK let's manually tell the kernel to rescan the relevant block device.
echo 1 > /sys/block/sda/device/rescan
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