• Docker Swarm vs Kubernetes Comparison Guide


    A lot of companies are unsure which solution to choose and many may not be aware of Docker Swarm as an alternative to Kubernetes. One thing that many Sysadmins find is that Docker Swarm is simply easier, quicker to setup and maintain by far than Kubernetes.........
  • Linux how to get list of all timezones on system Ubuntu


    find /usr/share/zoneinfo/|sed s#"/usr/share/zoneinfo/"##g|grep "/"|grep -v posix|grep -v ^"Etc/"|grep -v ^right|grep -v ^"SystemV" Africa/Addis_Ababa Africa/Abidjan Africa/Blantyre Africa/Lusaka Africa/Casablanca Africa/Libreville Africa/Asmara Africa/Bujumbura Africa/Dakar Africa/Lagos Africa/Malabo Africa/Harare Africa/Kigali........
  • How to upgrade to the latest Python version on Linux Ubuntu Debian Mint 3.11


    A lot of developers want to go to 3.11 because of the speed improvements, but most distros never have the latest Python version. Using the deadsnakes third party repo is the easiest way aside from compiling it yourself (which is safer and recommended): Step 1 - Add the repo apt-add-repository ppa:deadsnakes/ppa If you get an error about requests then install it:........
  • HongKong VPS Server, Cloud, Dedicated Server, Co-Location, Datacenter The Best Guide on Hong Kong, China Internet IT/Computing


    In our 2024 VPS Server/Cloud Buyer's Guide, we place the location of your VPS/hosting/server as one of the priorities that is often overlooked. 2024 Update - Datacent........
  • Proxmox Update Error https://enterprise.proxmox.com/debian/pve bullseye InRelease 401 Unauthorized [IP: 144.217.225.162 443]


    Are you getting this error in Proxmox while trying to apt update or install Ceph? apt update Hit:1 http://security.debian.org bullseye-security InRelease Err:2 https://enterprise.proxmox.com/debian/pve bullseye InRelease 401 Unauthorized [IP: 144.217.225.162 443] Hit:3 http://ftp.hk.debian.org/debian bullseye InRelease ........
  • How to install Kubernetes with microk8s and deploy apps on Debian/Mint/Ubuntu Linux


    Kubernetes Easy Beginners Architecture Guide Kubernetes is known as container orchestration and we should start at explaining the container part of it. A Container is what runs the actual application and based on an Image, and are more comparable to something like an LXC Container, Virtuozzo/OpenVZ using the Linux Kernel Namespaces feature. Containers run these images as independent, isolated operating environments under the OS's exist........
  • CentOS 7 8 yum error Trying other mirror. To address this issue please refer to the below wiki article


    The below appears at first to be a bad mirror DNS error, but if you've ruled that out you just need to clear your broken yum cache and things will be good. yum update Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: centos.01link.hk * extras: centos.01link.hk * updates: centos.01link.hk http://mirror.worria.com/centos/7.8.2003/os/x86_64/repodata/repomd.xml: [Errno 14] HTTP Error 404 - Not........
  • How To Get Started on Ubuntu with gpt-2 OpenAI Text Prediction


    apt install software-properties-common add-apt-repository ppa:deadsnakes/ppa apt update apt install python3-pip apt install python3.7 curl gnupg python3.7-dev git ln -s /usr/bin/python3.7 /usr/bin/python3 pip3 install numpy keras_preprocessing curl https://bazel.build/bazel-release.pub.gpg | sudo apt-key add - echo "deb [arch=amd64] http://storage.googleapis.com/bazel-apt stable jdk1.8" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/bazel........
  • Linux How To Change NIC Name to eth0 instead of enps33 or enp0s25


    Most newer distros inexplicably cause your NIC to have what Icall "random" non-standard name conventions because of systemd. This is a big problem for many people and especially those running servers. Imagine that you have a static IPconfigured for ens33 but then the hard disk is moved to a newer system, the NIC could be anything from ens33 to enp0s1, meaning that manual intervention is required to go and update the NIC config file (eg. /etc/network/interfa........
  • How To Install python 3.4 3.5 and up on Linux with wine - Working Solution


    This is sure simple if you follow the guide but it took a lot of hacking around to make this work on Debian/Ubuntu! Now before you ask why bother running wine and python, the reason is because Python executables are NOT cross-platform. If you run pyinstaller in Linux, that binary will only run on Linux and the same if you do it in Windows. So it is preferable if you have a single environment that you can create Linux and Windows binaries from rather than running 2 separate........
  • CentOS 8 how to convert to a bootable mdadm RAID software array


    The cool thing here is that we only need 1 drive to make a RAID 10 or RAID 1 array, we just tell the Linux mdadm utility that the other drive is "missing" and we can then add our original drive to the array after booting into our new RAID array. Step#1 Install tools we need yum -y install mdadm rsync Step #2 Create your partitions on the drive that will be our RAID array Here I assume it is /dev........
  • Windows 7,8,10 and Server 2008, 2012, 2016, 2019 Read Only Attribute Won't Go Away


    I have seen this in a few rare cases after a reboot, where all folders and files will have the Read Only Attribute. If you uncheck it, it will just come back. It is more of a filesystem issue in Windows than a configuration issue and it looks like when Windows detects a badly corrupted filesystem that it will make things read-only, sort of like Linux would. If you are Administrator or the owner of the folder and this is happening it is probably due to the reasoning mention........
  • Cisco Unified Communications Manager 12 Install Errors on Proxmox/KVM


    The strange thing is that usually the first install or two will work on any new machine but then it suddenly won't. I had this experience on QEMU 2.13 on a different machine. There is something finicky or buggy about the CUCM installer even when choosing the same virtual hardware specs. qemu-kvm command: /usr/libexec/qemu-kvm -version QEMU PC emulator version 0.12.1 (qemu-kvm-0.12.1.2-2.506.el6_10.1), Copyright (c) 2003-2008 Fabrice Bellard ........
  • VMWare ESXi 6.7 SSH/PowerShell CLI Commands


    [root@localhost:~] BootModuleConfig.sh echo host-ind nfcd........
  • Debian Mint Ubuntu compiling xmr-stak


    sudo apt-get install libcurl4-openssl-dev git build-essential autotools-dev autoconf libcurl3 sudo apt-get install libcurl4-gnutls-dev git clone https://github.com/wolf9466/cpuminer-multi sudo apt-get install cmake libpthread-* libmicrohttpd-dev libssl-dev libhwloc-dev git clone https://github.com/fireice-uk/xmr-stak-cpu.git make install cd bin chmod +x xmr-stak-cpu ./xmr-stak -O xmr........
  • OpenVZ container will not stop Child 546246 exited with status 1


    vzctl stop 4096 Removing stale lock file /vz/lock/4096.lck Stopping container ... Child 546213 exited with status 1 ^Z [1]+ Stopped vzctl stop 4096 ~]# rm /vz/lock/4096.lck rm: remove regular file `/vz/lock/4096.lck'? y ~]# vzctl stop 4096 Stopping container ... Child 546246 exited with status 1........
  • Centos 7 - How To Install NFS and Mount Remotely


    Server Side Config 1.) First install nfs-utils yum -y install nfs-utils 2.) Configure nfs share Create a directory for your NFS share mkdir /datastore Create your NFS share in /etc/exports echo "/datastore 10.220.101.0/24(rw,sync,no_root_squash)" >> /etc/exports systemctl restart nfs........
  • named [FAILED] - zone 1.168.192.in-addr.arpa/IN: not loaded due to errors. - bind error solution


    Centos when copying old files and restarting it seems load everything fine and then says [FAILED] with no log or other message. service restart named named [FAILED] Check more thoroughly you may have missed the error if you have lots of zones! service named restart|grep error zone 1.168.192.in-addr.arpa/IN: not loaded due to errors. zone 2.168.192.in-addr.arpa/IN: no........
  • MySQL: table is marked as crashed solultion


    myisamchk can fix it But be careful and use the right options to avoid losing data. In fact if you haven't you should make a backup or at least manually copy /var/lib/mysql. Replace "YourDB" with the name of your database Replace "yourcrashedtable" with the name of your crashed table. The -o option is the safest and should avoid dataloss whereas -r is more aggressive and is a last option (I have lost data using -r and........
  • Reading package lists... Done W: GPG error: http://ppa.launchpad.net trusty InRelease: The following signatures couldn't be verified because the public key is not available: NO_PUBKEY D46F45428842CE5E


    Still looking for the solution Working Solution 2017/07 sudo apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys D46F45428842CE5E Solution gpg --keyserver hkp://subkeys.pgp.net --recv-keys D46F45428842CE5E gpg: requesting key 8842CE5E from hkp server subkeys.pgp.net gpg: keyserver timed out gpg: keyserver........
  • MySQL [ERROR] /usr/libexec/mysqld: Table './eximstats/sends' is marked as crashed and last (automatic?) repair failed solution


    You are checking your MySQL logs in /var/log/mysqld.log and come across an error like this: 161222 18:03:40 [ERROR] /usr/libexec/mysqld: Table './eximstats/sends' is marked as crashed and last (automatic?) repair failed The Solution: cd /var/lib/mysql/eximstats myisamchk -r sends.MYI - recovering (with sort) MyISAM-table 'sends.MYI' Data records: 71129........
  • Centos 6 how to guide convert LVM non-RAID into mdadm 1/10 RAID array live without reinstalling


    Here is the scenario you or a client have a remote machine that was installed as a standard/default minimal Centos 6.x machine on a single disk with LVM for whatever reason. Often many people do not know how to install it to a RAID array so it is common to have this problem and why reinstall if you don't need to? In some cases on a remote system you can't easily reinstall without physical or KVM access. So in this case you add a second physical or disk or already ha........
  • openvz yum problem Centos 6.5 cannot find file on mirror:


    #solution Edit /etc/yum.repos.d/openvz.repo For the first two entries comment out #mirrorlist and uncomment #baseurl and then it worked openvz yum problem Centos 6.5 cannot find file on mirror: yum update Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Determining fastest mirrors * openvz-kernel-rhel6: mirrors.ustc.edu.cn * openvz-utils: mirrors.ustc.edu.cn base ........
  • status: { DRDY ERR } error: { ICRC ABRT } failed command: WRITE FPDMA QUEUED MCP55 Linux Errors


    [ 2868.041375] ata1: EH in SWNCQ mode,QC:qc_active 0x40 sactive 0x40 [ 2868.041554] ata1: SWNCQ:qc_active 0x40 defer_bits 0x0 last_issue_tag 0x6 [ 2868.041556] dhfis 0x40 dmafis 0x40 sdbfis 0x20 [ 2868.041874] ata1: ATA_REG 0x41 ERR_REG 0x84 [ 2868.042013] ata1: tag : dhfis dmafis sdbfis sactive [ 2868.042163] ata1: tag 0x6: 1 1 0 1 [ 2868.042301] ata1.00: exception Emask 0x1 SAct 0x40 SErr 0x400000 action 0x6 frozen [........
  • yum how to blacklist and exclude mirrors


    vi /etc/yum/pluginconf.d/fastestmirror.conf exclude=.hk,.cn You could also use specific domains but as you can see above we are blacklisting all Hong Kong and Chinese mirrors in this example.........
  • Centos OpenDKIM & Postfix Setup Guidel


    #from epel repo yum -y install opendkim chkconfig opendkim on cd /etc/opendkim/keys opendkim-genkey -vd mail.server.com opendkim-genkey: generating private key opendkim-genkey: private key written to default.private opendkim-genkey: extracting public key opendkim-genkey: DNS TXT record written to default.txt ........
  • CPanel Apache httpd won't start solution: Starting httpd: Syntax error on line 2 of /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf: Invalid command 'Alias', perhaps misspelled or defined by a module not included in the server configuration


    root@hkhosting [/]# service httpd start Starting httpd: Syntax error on line 2 of /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf: Invalid command 'Alias', perhaps misspelled or defined by a module not included in the server configuration ........
  • Asterisk iptables block bruteforce attacks howto with fail2ban


    yum -y install fail2ban vi /etc/fail2ban/jail.conf [asterisk-tcp] enabled = true filter = asterisk action = iptables-multiport[name=asterisk-tcp, port="5060,5061", protocol=tcp] sendmail-whois[name=Asterisk, dest=you@example.com, sender=fail2ban@example.com] logpath = /var/log/asterisk/messages maxret........
  • Centos 6 samba server not showing up in WORKGROUP


    This is different than Centos 5, you have two services btu they are called "smb" and "nmb". You need to enable and start "nmb" in order for your samba server to be listed. chkconfig nmb on; chkconfig smb on service nmb start;service smb start........
  • Dell Perci 6/i Firmware Upgrade Guide Tutorial


    One thing to remember is that you need MegaCli to do the flashing. You also need the correct file,I tried at least 2 different Perc 6 firmwares from Dell that kept getting rejected as corrupt by MegaCli(they were really the wrong version). I have an external PCI-E Dell 6 Perc/I butI chose images from the 'Integrated" on motherboard version as it was allI could find. They are different, and below is my first time finding success.........
  • Dell Perc 6/i cannot downgrade


    I flashed an LSI Logic firmware to it and it broke the BIOS (cannot do Ctrl+R) for booting purposes but allows other functionality to work normally. I tried downgrading to a Dell firmware for Perc 6i but it won't work, not even with MegaCli wget http://downloads.dell.com/FOLDER00416606M/1/SAS-RAID_Firmware_W83M2_LN32_6.3.1-0003_A14.BIN --2013-08-26 12:53:39-- http://downloads.dell.com/FOLDER00416606M/1/SAS-RAID_Firmware_W83M2_LN32_6.3.1-0003_A14.BIN Resolvi........
  • pxe-32 tftp open timeout


    pxe-32 tftp open timeout The solution was to enable tftp in xinetd with "chkconfig tftp on". See the troubleshooting below: chkconfig --list NetworkManager 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off acpid 0:off&n........
  • Country List Names in HTML Select From


    This is useful for developing a lot of applications, I'm putting it here to keep it handy for myself and hopefully others: Choose CountryCanadaJapanUnited StatesUnited KingdomAfghanistan........
  • Directadmin error/** Found 7 pre-existing rpmdb problem(s), 'yum check' output follows: e2fsprogs-devel-1.41.12-3.el6.i686 has missing requires of e2fsprogs-libs = ('0', '1.41.12', '3.el6') e2fsprogs-devel-1.41.12-3.el6.i686 has missing requires of l


    Solution To The Following: yum -y install zlib-devel yum -y install e2fsprogs* *** Cannot find /usr/include/et/com_err.h. (yum install libcom_err-devel) *** Installation didn't pass, halting install. Once requirements are met, run the following to continue the install: cd /usr/local/directadmin/scripts ./install.sh Common pre-install commands: http://help.directadmin.com/it........
  • Setup PXE Boot using Centos and dhcpd, tftp and syslinux


    This is something I often setup for clients because it's very helpful for people in datacenters, this allows custom OS installs on demand, you can customize it more by using kickstart etc.. but here's a base I use before customizing more: This little script below will install everything you need to get booting by PXE Linux. It also assumes you set a local IP (be sure not to overwrite your existing IP) on eth0:0 (note the :0) as 192.168.1.10 and it........
  • Linux/Centos how to block SSH bruteforce/dictionary attacks automatically with denyhosts


    A lot of people become nervous (and understandably so) when checking their auth or security logs, in Centos /var/log/secure and see dozens, hundreds of even thousands of attempted logins to various services, especially SSH. Of course you could manually block these people/IPs but no one has time to read the logs like that, what if some program or script could do it for you? This is what denyhosts does for you, it checks the logs and based on a certain number of failed SSH attem........
  • Firefox Download Error - /tmp/J_5JHKXU.bin.part could not be saved, because the source file could not be read. Try again later, or contact the server administrator.


    /tmp/J_5JHKXU.bin.part could not be saved, because the source file could not be read. Try again later, or contact the server administrator. This is actually not a download problem related to the server/site you're using but actually some weird bug with Firefox. I know because no matter what site I tried to download from this error kept happening. Simpy restarting Firefox was enough to get things working again.........
  • Enable SPAMASSASSIN on Postfix in 5 minutes


    Centos 5 Postfix and SPAMASSASSIN Tutorial yum install spamassassin chkconfig spamassassin on vi /etc/mail/spamassassin/local.cf ############## #required_hits 5 #report_safe 0 #rewrite_header Subject [SPAM] #5 is the least restrictive (means only the most obvious SPAM is caught. 0 is obviously the most restrictive/sensitive and would have lots of false positives require........
  • ERROR! MySQL manager or server PID file could not be found! ERROR! Manager of pid-file quit without updating file.


    I found the cause of this issue was from all the diskspace being used but clearing it was not enough. Iguess the tables became inconsistent when space ran out and myisamchk is what fixed the rest. service mysqld restart ERROR! MySQL manager or server PID file could not be found! ....................................................................................... ERROR! Manager of pid-file quit without updating file. se........
  • yum in Centos 5/Xen halts and exits suddenly


    yum exits in the middle The problem is this VPS seems to be an OpenVZ template from HyperVM. The only way to make it work was to disable i386 packages since this was an x64 kernel. That shouldn't be necessary but it was the only way to make yum stop quitting after the first package or two. I couldn't find any issue by checking the logs either. echo y|yum install vim-minimal telnet expect jwhois net-tools slocate iptables elinks gawk L........
  • Use rcconf to edit startup/init.d/init scripts on Debian/Ubuntu based distributions


    I've never understood how to enable and disable services for different run levels in Debian based distros, it's just weird, annoying and doesn't make sense. I much prefer chkconfig from RHEL. Just install the package called 'rcconf' and be done with it. rcconf makes things easy for you. apt-get install rcconf Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done........
  • PHP cannot access /usr/bin/openssl


    PHP cannot access /usr/bin/opensslI have verified the username that runs the process is able to access /usr/bin/openssl and it does exist but the PHP script is saying it doesn't exist: [code:1:1fd0f3abbe] if (!file_exists($OPENSSL)) { //echo "ERROR: OPENSSL $OPENSSL not foundn"; }[/code:1:1fd0f3abbe] I don't get itI can clearly see the contents of /usr/bin by using the PHP system fu........
  • Need identd for port 113 ? Install authd


    Need identd for port 113 ? Install authdyum install authd Happy identing :)Actually it's not that simple. It installs as an "xinetd" service and is disabled and turned off by deafult. To enable it run: [code:1:8c94df8319] chkconfig --level 3 auth on service xinetd restart [/code:1:8c94df8319] This will set identd aka authd to start by default. service xinetd resta........
  • Linux Kernel Compilation (Intel(R) 82575/82576 PCI-Express Gigabit Ethernet support ) Error - drivers/net/igb/igb_main.c: In function `igb_up': make[3]: *** [drivers/net/igb/igb_main.o] Error 1


    Linux Kernel v2.6.30.3 102220 blocks CHK include/linux/version.h CHK include/linux/utsrelease.h SYMLINK include/asm -> include/asm-x86 CALL scripts/checksyscalls.sh CHK include/linux/compile.h CC drivers/net/igb/igb_main.o drivers/net/igb/igb_main.c: In function `igb_up':........
  • Openvz "Container already locked" Error Message Solution/Fix


    I didn't find any useful information that actually fixed this. My VPS was in the "Running State" and I could not stop or restart it. I kept getting "Container already locked" no matter what Idid (I tried all the suggestions in the Google results for this error). Most of the suggestions were for Windows but I only use Linux. The other solutioins also said to restart the VZ service or even the entire hostnode and this was not acceptable to me........
  • Google sued by "SearchKing"


    http://searchenginewatch.com/2165111 This was an interesting article and people should be wary of Google's power. Google's policies and actions against competitors borders on anti-trust, far worse than Microsoft. They are doing the right thing for all of us, Google says selling advertising and links is bad for search engines, yet they don't penalize sites who use AdSense. ........
  • Latest Articles

  • Cloned VM/Server/Computer in Linux won't boot and goes to initramfs busybox Solution
  • How To Add Windows 7 8 10 11 to GRUB Boot List Dual Booting
  • How to configure OpenDKIM on Linux with Postfix and setup bind zonefile
  • Debian Ubuntu 10/11/12 Linux how to get tftpd-hpa server setup tutorial
  • efibootmgr: option requires an argument -- 'd' efibootmgr version 15 grub-install.real: error: efibootmgr failed to register the boot entry: Operation not permitted.
  • Apache Error Won't start SSL Cert Issue Solution Unable to configure verify locations for client authentication SSL Library Error: 151441510 error:0906D066:PEM routines:PEM_read_bio:bad end line SSL Library Error: 185090057 error:0B084009:x509 certif
  • Linux Debian Mint Ubuntu Bridge br0 gets random IP
  • redis requirements
  • How to kill a docker swarm
  • docker swarm silly issues
  • isc-dhcp-server dhcpd how to get longer lease
  • nvidia cannot resume from sleep Comm: nvidia-sleep.sh Tainted: Linux Ubuntu Mint Debian
  • zfs and LUKS how to recover in Linux
  • [error] (28)No space left on device: Cannot create SSLMutex Apache Solution Linux CentOS Ubuntu Debian Mint
  • Save money on bandwidth by disabling reflective rpc queries in Linux CentOS RHEL Ubuntu Debian
  • How to access a disk with bad superblock Linux Ubuntu Debian Redhat CentOS ext3 ext4
  • ImageMagick error convert solution - convert-im6.q16: cache resources exhausted
  • PTY allocation request failed on channel 0 solution
  • docker error not supported as upperdir failed to start daemon: error initializing graphdriver: driver not supported
  • Migrated Linux Ubuntu Mint not starting services due to broken /var/run and dbus - Failed to connect to bus: No such file or directory solution