How to Install FreePBX 17 in Linux Debian Ubuntu Mint Guide

FreePBX official install guide is here. Requirements: Debian 12 Download Link Minimal - System Utilities RAM: 4G HDD:20G Note that if you don't have the required base OS yo........

Using Cisco CME Router with Asterisk as a dial-peer

#Remember that you need a valid gateway IPunless the Asterisk server is on the same subnet and LAN Set Valid Gateway IP (if you don't have one already) ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 GATEWAYIP Enable VOIPTrust voice service voip ip address trusted list ipv4 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 sip Set Credentials For Asterisk and Register To Asterisk sip-ua........

Install Grafana on Linux Debian Ubuntu Tutorial Guide

First we need a few extra packages: apt update apt install -y adduser libfontconfig1 musl sudo wget https://dl.grafana.com/enterprise/release/grafana-enterprise_10.3.1_amd64.deb Install / Enable Grafana dpkg -i grafana-enterprise_10.3.1_amd64.deb dpkg -i grafana-enterprise_10.3.1_amd64.deb (Reading database ... 44309 files and directories currently installed.) Preparin........

System has not been booted with systemd as init system (PID 1). Can't operate. Failed to talk to init daemon. Ubuntu Debian Linux Solution Cannot reboot

You are probably using some custom image or maybe this is some sort of container that didn't boot with systemd. The solution is to use "reboot -f" reboot -f This will force the system/OS/VM/container to reboot.........

Docker cannot work on other overlayfs filesystems such as ecryptfs won't start overlayfs: filesystem on '/home/docker/overlay2/check-overlayfs-support130645871/upper' not supported as upperdir

This does not seem to be officially documented but makes sense that an overlay on an overlay does not work and is considered an unsupported filesystem as is even NTFS . Some admins/organizations try to use ecyptfs as a simple solution to encrypt the contents of Docker. Instead, you could probably........

Linux How To Upgrade To The Latest Kernel Debian Mint Ubuntu

How to check what kernel version you have/currently running? uname -rm 5.4.0-91-generic x86_64 The above shows us that we are running 5.4.0-91-generic on the x86_64 architecture. The safest way is to stick with the same flavor eg if you're on generic, and say on kernel 5.4.0 then it makes sense to follow what is below. However, if you are migrating or dual booting between newer hardware (eg. you got a........

How to upgrade to the latest Python version on Linux Ubuntu Debian Mint 3.11

A lot of developers want to go to 3.11 because of the speed improvements, but most distros never have the latest Python version. Using the deadsnakes third party repo is the easiest way aside from compiling it yourself (which is safer and recommended): Step 1 - Add the repo apt-add-repository ppa:deadsnakes/ppa If you get an error about requests then install it:........

Thunderbird Attachment Download Error Corrupt Wrong filesize of 29 or 27 bytes Solution

This is an ongoing issue even with the latest Thunderbird 102.x where attachments downloaded via IMAP just won't save or will be corrupt which is a huge interruption to workflow or if you come back later to find out the file you thought you saved is invalid/corrupt and you have perhaps deleted the e-mail. How to solve the Thunderbird filesize attachment issue? 1. Click on "Settings". then go to "General". 2. Scroll to the bottom to find "Conf........

Generic IP Camera LAN Default IP Settings DVR

If you are converting a generic wifi IP camera to ethernet, it may not be that simple as many are default hard coded to a static IP of 192.168.1.168 and login info admin/admin. From there you can login to the camera and assign it to DHCP by going to http://192.168.1.168 For security these cameras +DVR should be on a separate untagged VLAN or if possible a physically isolated non-internet connected switch/network. The reference below is applicable to many of the r........

docker / kubernetes breaks Proxmox QEMU KVM Bridge VMs

Docker adds iptables rules that break a lot of things including MASQUERADE or anything that needs the FORWARD table. If NAT is not working after Docker installation, it is probably because it set the iptables FORWARD policy to DROP. This may also make you think that your br0 or bridge is not working, but it's likely just due to what we'll mention later on below, that, Docker probably set your FORWARD chain to default DROP all packets, so nothing on your bridge ever makes it out........

Kazam video blank/high size and not working when recording solution

By default it uses raw .avi which takes a lot of space and will not play on a lot of systems. It's best to change the codec to something like MP4. Step 1.) File -> Preferences -> Screencast in Kazam Step 2. ) Change Record With: to H264 (MP4) After that you'll........

ssh Too many authentication failures not prompting for password

If you get this error when trying to SSHto a device or machine and you never even got a password prompt: Too many authentication failures This means that either the remote side is configured for key auth only, OR your client side may be attempting to auth using mulitple keys, and that exceeds the amount of attempted authorizations on the remote ssh server. If the issue is trying to auth too many times which ssh defaults to sending the keys to, you ca........

LXC Containers LXD How to Install and Configure Tutorial Ubuntu Debian Mint

If you are using mint, delete the preference that stops snap from installing (as it is required for lxc) sudo rm /etc/apt/preferences.d/nosnap.pref 1. Install lxd: sudo apt install lxd Issues install lxd or errors? Click here Debian at this time does not have lxd so you'll need to use snap: sudo apt in........

Docker Tutorial HowTo Install Docker, Use and Create Docker Container Images Clustering Swarm Mode Monitoring Service Hosting Provider

The Best Docker Tutorial for Beginners We quickly explain the basic Docker concepts and show you how to do the most common tasks from starting your first container, to making custom images, a Docker Swarm Cluster Tutorial, docker compose and Docker buildfiles.........

HongKong VPS Server, Cloud, Dedicated Server, Co-Location, Datacenter The Best Guide on Hong Kong, China Internet IT/Computing

In our 2024 VPS Server/Cloud Buyer's Guide, we place the location of your VPS/hosting/server as one of the priorities that is often overlooked. 2024 Update - Datacent........

Package wget is not available, but is referred to by another package. This may mean that the package is missing, has been obsoleted, or is only available from another source. E: Package 'wget' has no installation candidate. Solution

These types of errors are normally caused by misconfiguration of your /etc/apt/sources.list. In this example on Debian 10, if you didn't complete the install correctly, you will have no repos enabled and only rely on CDROM. "Package wget is not available, but is referred to by another package. This may mean that the package is missing, has been obsoleted, or is only available from another source. E: Package 'wget' ha........

Wazuh / OSSEC Install and Configuration Howto Tutorial Guide for Monitoring Agents SIEM

How To Install Wazuh Server / Quickest Installation Wazuh (forked from the well known OSSEC project) is a full SIEM (Security Information Event Management) that works extremely well with the platforms it natively supports as an "Agent", which allows you to do scans of everything such as all processes running, CVE vulnerability check, incident reporting etc... Prerequisites: A lot of issues with Wazuh seem to be caused by i........

Ansible Tutorial - Playbook How To Install From Scratch and Deploy LAMP + Wordpress on Remote Server

1. Let's work from an environment where we can install Ansible on. If you are using an older version of Linux based on Mint 18 or Ubuntu 16, you may want to get the PPA and get the latest version of Ansible that way: sudo apt install gpg sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ansible/ansible sudo apt update........

QEMU/KVM How to Hot-add A Virtual Disk .raw/.qcow2 via QEMU Monitor Commands

For a lot of reasons, it may be convenient to detach or attach live disks to a running VM without having to reboot it. Sure, you can use some network based storage, but when performance counts, attaching a new virtual disk will usually give you better throughput and lower latency in a quick testing situation. This doesn't work, why not? drive_add 0 if=virtio,file=/tmp/vm.qcow2,if=virtio,format=qcow2,id=rtt Can't hot-ad........

Virtualbox VBOX Howto Port Forward To Guests

NAT Network, the VMs can communicate but your host cannot access them by default. NAT VMs have internet but cannot communicate with each other. Bridged is simple and allows full LAN access as if you had a physical machine plugged in but is often bad for testing, work or corporate environments and is not very portable when it comes to moving your VMs to other locations and networks. Here is how you can use NAT Ne........

Linux Mint 20 cannot install snapd missing solution

The Linux Mint team has disabled it by setting an apt preference, you can edit or just remove the file: sudo apt install snapd Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done Package snapd is not available, but is referred to by another package. This may mean that the package is missing, has been obsoleted, or is only available from another source........

CentOS 7 8 yum error Trying other mirror. To address this issue please refer to the below wiki article

The below appears at first to be a bad mirror DNS error, but if you've ruled that out you just need to clear your broken yum cache and things will be good. yum update Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: centos.01link.hk * extras: centos.01link.hk * updates: centos.01link.hk http://mirror.worria.com/centos/7.8.2003/os/x86_64/repodata/repomd.xml: [Errno 14] HTTP Error 404 - Not........

Nvidia Ubuntu Linux Screentearing Video with solution driver

This seems to happen on most if not all Nvidia cards but the good news is that if you are using any of the Linux drivers and have the nvidia-settings tool installed it is just a simple command. Solution: nvidia-settings --assign CurrentMetaMode="nvidia-auto-select +0+0 { ForceFullCompositionPipeline = On }" Enter the above command in your terminal and the screentearing will be fixed which is like enabling Tear Free on AMD cards.&........

?? Question Marks for time, permissions and size of a file?

-?????????? ? ? ? ? ? shadow ----------. 1 root root 748 Jul 10 04:35 shadow- cat: shadow: Input/output error If you see this you are probably in big trouble, it could be a physical error or if it's a VM image that it is corrupted due to a physical error on the underlying disk/array/NAS or it could a........

How To Get Started on Ubuntu with gpt-2 OpenAI Text Prediction

apt install software-properties-common add-apt-repository ppa:deadsnakes/ppa apt update apt install python3-pip apt install python3.7 curl gnupg python3.7-dev git ln -s /usr/bin/python3.7 /usr/bin/python3 pip3 install numpy keras_preprocessing curl https://bazel.build/bazel-release.pub.gpg | sudo apt-key add - echo "deb [arch=amd64] http://storage.googleapis.com/bazel-apt stable jdk1.8" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/bazel........

How To Install python 3.4 3.5 and up on Linux with wine - Working Solution

This is sure simple if you follow the guide but it took a lot of hacking around to make this work on Debian/Ubuntu! Now before you ask why bother running wine and python, the reason is because Python executables are NOT cross-platform. If you run pyinstaller in Linux, that binary will only run on Linux and the same if you do it in Windows. So it is preferable if you have a single environment that you can create Linux and Windows binaries from rather than running 2 separate........

httpd: Syntax error on line 221 of /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf: Syntax error on line 6 of /etc/httpd/conf.d/php.conf: Cannot load modules/libphp5.so into server: /lib64/libresolv.so.2: symbol __h_errno, version GLIBC_PRIVATE not defined in file libc.s

httpd: Syntax error on line 221 of /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf: Syntax error on line 6 of /etc/httpd/conf.d/php.conf: Cannot load modules/libphp5.so into server: /lib64/libresolv.so.2: symbol __h_errno, version GLIBC_PRIVATE not defined in file libc.so.6 with link time reference This is usually caused by a mismatch in OpenSSLversion. Interestingly enough a lot of times if it has happened during an update of your system, or after, usually just restarting httpd........

CentOS 8 how to convert to a bootable mdadm RAID software array

The cool thing here is that we only need 1 drive to make a RAID 10 or RAID 1 array, we just tell the Linux mdadm utility that the other drive is "missing" and we can then add our original drive to the array after booting into our new RAID array. Step#1 Install tools we need yum -y install mdadm rsync Step #2 Create your partitions on the drive that will be our RAID array Here I assume it is /dev........

python ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'bs4' even though you have the module

In this case I am executing using "python3" but what you find in cases like this can be surprising. The most common issues are that someone has a module for python 2 "pip" and doesn't realize they need "pip3" to install it for python3, but this is not one of those cases. ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'bs4' OKmaybe we didn't install it for python3? [........

chown how to change ownership on a symlink

If you just do a normal chown user.user somedir it won't work. You will see the ownership is still the previous owner. How To Change Ownership Of Symlink: The simplest part is just adding the -h which means no dereference so it applies the ownership on the symlink and does not try (and fail) to change ownership of the dereferenced symlink destination. chown -h user.user somedir........

How To Install Asterisk 16 17 on Debian Ubuntu Linux

Downloading and compiling from source to get the latest version of Asterisk is really simple with this guide. apt install gcc make g++ libedit-dev uuid-dev libjansson-dev apt install libxml2-dev sqlite3 libsqlite3-dev wget http://downloads.asterisk.org/pub/telephony/asterisk/asterisk-16-current.tar.gz tar -zxvf asterisk-16-current.tar.gz cd asterisk-16.6.2/ ./configure If you get this error change y........

Cisco Unified Communications Manager Express Cheatsheet CUCME CME Tutorial Guide

Video Links: How To Setup 2 Phones on a Single CME Router and get the GUI going. How to use Dialpeers with CME with two routers How to implement call restrictions using COR / Class of Restriction Set your clock: HH:MM:SS clock set 22:00:00 24 September 2024........

Cisco Unified Communications Manager / CUCM IP 8.6,10,12 Install Error Solution

Install Errors on Version 12: This error happened on QEMU emulator version 2.11.1 pve-qemu-kvm_2.11.1-5 on Proxmox/Debian but installing on QEMU.12 on Centos 6 did not produce the error. *Update it is not related to the OS or QEMU version. This happened in Centos 6 too after a second install. What really causes this even though you successfully install........

Cisco Unified Communications Manager 12 Install Errors on Proxmox/KVM

The strange thing is that usually the first install or two will work on any new machine but then it suddenly won't. I had this experience on QEMU 2.13 on a different machine. There is something finicky or buggy about the CUCM installer even when choosing the same virtual hardware specs. qemu-kvm command: /usr/libexec/qemu-kvm -version QEMU PC emulator version 0.12.1 (qemu-kvm-0.12.1.2-2.506.el6_10.1), Copyright (c) 2003-2008 Fabrice Bellard ........

Skype For Business 2015 and 2019 Guide, Reference, Howto and Troubleshooting Solutions

https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/module/skype/?view=skype-ps Troubleshooting Client Connectivity Issues The first step is to enable full logging in the Skype Client itself and then check the log on the client side. In Windows this normally means going to the Skype client "settings" and then "Enable Full Logging". Aft........

Cisco CUCM Unified Communication Manager Howto Guide and Tutorials

Install Issues: How to Make CUCM iso /modify to work on non-VMWare machines like QEMU/Xen/OpenStack If you get kernel panic errors in VBOX usually disabling Nested Paging will fix the issue (thanks to Mark). ks_pre.sh error is caused by having the wrong VDX pattern (change it do sd per guide link above) and/or the wrong VMSpecs (Cisco req........

iSCSI on Centos 7 Configuration and Setup Guide for Initiator and Target

initiator = client target = server These are the first concepts you should understand which is that in iscsi essentially the "initiator" is the client and the "target" is the server. iSCSI is derived from the old fashioned SCSI that us oldtimers grew to love. The "i" stands for Internet and the SCSI stands for "Small Computers Systems Interface" (SCSI). iSCSI Target (Server)Setup targetcli is the pac........

Centos 7 PHP MySQL Not Working Solution

PHP Warning: PHP Startup: Unable to load dynamic library '/usr/lib64/php/modules/pdo_mysql.so' - /usr/lib64/php/modules/pdo_mysql.so: symbol mysql_options, version libmysqlclient_18 not defined in file libmysqlclient.so.18 with link time reference in Unknown on line 0 #not sure what is wrong with php-mysql but I removed it and installed mysqlnd yum -y remove php-mysql yum -y install php-mysqlnd........

How Does Cisco CUCM (Cisco Unified Communication Manager) Work?

Cisco's CUCM (Cisco Unified Communication Manager) is a system that combines voice, video, data and mobile products into a single unified management suite. At its core, the CUCMis like a "Super PBX" that controls the flow of all communications through an organization even single or multiple site deployments. Cisco's CUCMmakes communication more effective and simple through centralized management and unification of communications resources.........

What DNS Options Does Active Directory Offer in Windows Server 2008,2012,2016 ?

What Is Active Directory? Active Directory is essentially an enhanced, centralized database with a set of objects that make user management, authorization, and data management simpler. Active Directory is synonymous with "Domain Controllers" where a single "domain" often consists of multiple sites and members of the domain. Multiple domains can also be joined to belong to a tree ( a collection of domains). And the highest layer is the forest whi........

Centos 7 - Convert Minimal to Graphical GUI GNOME or KDE Desktop

Did you just install the minimal version by accident or want to install the GUI? No need to reinstall just tell yum to do the work for you! You could actually have both installed and choose one as your preference on demand (although many people prefer GNOME's simplicity). Step 1.) Install Gnome and/or KDE. To install the GNOME Desktop on Centos 7: yum -y groups install "GNOME Desktop" To........

PHP Displaying Blank Page on Apache

Almost always the reason will be that the php.so file is missing but also that php.conf is misconfigured. In the problem machine it is actually PHP7 installed so if you reference PHP5 of course things wil be broken! Take for example here: cat /etc/httpd/conf.d/php.conf # # PHP is an HTML-embedded scripting language which attempts to make it # easy for developers to write dynamica........

OpenVPN auth-user-pass-verify ENV script error

Starting with newer versions of OpenVPN Ibelieve 2.2+ you need to have "script-security 3" set or you can't execute a third party script. Prior to that you could also use the auth-user-pass-verify like this: auth-user-pass-verify ./validate.pl "$username $password $ip" via-env Options error: the --auth-user-pass-verify directive should have at most 2 parameters. To pass a list of arguments as one of the paramete........

"Object of class WP_Term could not be converted to string"

Normally when I've seen this it's when you are using a variable like a normal string when in fact it's actually an array such as this example: [Tue Mar 13 04:22:35 2018] [error] PHP Catchable fatal error: Object of class WP_Term could not be converted to string in /vhost/httpdocs/wp-content/plugins/wp-instagram-post/classes/class-woo-igp.php on line 578 &nbs........

Installing SSL Certificate with Chain Intermediary CA File

Some of the cheaper or newer SSL suppliers will require this to work properly (otherwise you may be prompted that the cert is invalid when it's not the case but it will certainly scare off your users!). In the Apache vhost conf for the domain here is what you add: SSLCACertificateFile /path/to/your/cafile.pem Here is a full example of an SSL Vhost config in Apache using a CA Certificate file ........

Disable SSH Password Authentication to Increase Security and Harden SSH Linux Unix Server Ubuntu Mint Centos Debian

Just a note before you do this you should have a sure, guaranteed way into the system such as local, KVMor preferably publickey making bruteforce SSH absolutely impossible since there is no password to bruteforce and even if someone knew the password they wouldn't be able to login except from the local console (presumably you should make sure no one unauthorized has physical access). 1. Edit /etc/ssh/sshd_config Find the section like this:........

cudaminer freezes Linux Mint taints kernel

When running cudaminer once it tries to initialize the card the entire screen freezes. The computer itself is still running but the Xorg is done for, you cannot even switch to another console window and must reboot (even an mdm or Xorg restart does not help). At first cudaminer will give you these errors: stratrum_recv_line failed ...retry after 15 seconds GPU #0: Geforce 210 with compute ca........

ubuntu Linux colour dropper picker

gpick is a great and simple tool now that I now how to use it sudo apt-get install gpick The trick is to find "the swatch" I was in a rush and was frustrated that it wouldn't work how Iexpected and I had to memorize the hex code of the color my mouse was over. There is something it tells you to do which is "Click on the swatch area" (click onthe honeycomb graphic area that is the s........

DRBD Split-brain solution

Uh oh [17925926.174277] block drbd0: Handshake successful: Agreed network protocol version 96 [17925926.174325] block drbd0: conn( WFConnection -> WFReportParams ) [17925926.174342] block drbd0: Starting asender thread (from drbd0_receiver [1682]) [17925926.174432] block drbd0: data-integrity-alg: [17925926.174581] block drbd0: drbd_sync_handshake: [17925926.174586] block drbd0: self 2AAE66AF9252D6DB:2815BF........

ERROR 2013 (HY000): Lost connection to MySQL server during query

The solution is simple but strange, if you copy your /var/lib/mysql directory to another server and think it will work, be sure to check if you have /var/log/mysql and binary log files. If you do, the server will not work and will give you errors like below and crash without the proper log files. UPDATE user SET password=password("newpass") WHERE user='root'; flush privileges; ERROR 2013 (HY000): Lost connection to MySQL server durin........

PYCURL ERROR 22 - The requested URL returned error: 404 Not Found Solution

# yum -y install qemu-kvm Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Setting up Install Process Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirror.lzu.edu.cn * elrepo: ftp.utexas.edu * epel: ftp.jaist.ac.jp * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com * openvz-kernel-rhel6: mirror.fdcservers.net * openvz-utils: mirror.fdcservers.net * updates: mirrors.nwsuaf.edu.cn Resolving Dependencies........

OpenVZ Solution CPT ERR: c02fa000,73 :CPT: lock fd is closed incorrectly: 1 and vps-net_add ERROR: Unable to add route ip route add 192.168.5.2 dev venet0

The only solution after trying many suggestions was to simply restart the "vz" service (definitely not preferable). Even doing an ifdown and ifup for venet0 did not help. ifup venet0 Bringing up interface venet0: Configuring interface venet0: net.ipv4.conf.venet0.send_redirects = 0 RTNETLINK answers: Network is down Some errors from log: CPT ERR: d2dc60........

DRBD Slow Performance - 99.99 % [jbd2/drbd0-8] highiowait solution

Tired of checking iotop and seeing that your drbd partition is using 99.99% of io all the time and finding your drbd device performs slow in general? This is especially an issue in versions of DRBD in the 8.3 tree in particular one documented case is on "8.3.13" but it likely applies to other devices. The symptoms are that resyncing is fine and normal but any reasonable amount of activity is very slow and lagged and creates a high server load and con........

Apache Vhost HowTo Serve Same Content using a different domain and IP

There are a few ways of doing this and all basically involve using the reverse proxy or "ProxyPass" feature of Apache to accomplish it. 1.) Create a normal vhost and simply symlink the root directory of the site you want to mirror. Eg. originalsite.com and newsite.com /vhosts/originalsite.com/httpdocs You would symlink like this: ln -s /vhosts/originalsite.com/httpdocs vhosts/originalsite.com/........

grub cannot install or boot from mdadm RAID 10 array

root (hd2,1) Filesystem type unknown, partition type 0x83 grub> root (hd2,2) root (hd2,2) Filesystem type is ext2fs, partition type 0x83 grub> setup (hd2) setup (hd2) Checking if "/boot/grub/stage1" exists... no Checking if "/grub/stage1" exists... no #weird thing about grub is that the drive you enter is considered hd0 For example when booted fu........

bash string substitution

so in this case we have files named like this: track01.cdda.wav.mp3 track06.cdda.wav.mp3 track11.cdda.wav.mp3 track02.cdda.wav.mp3 track07.cdda.wav.mp3 track12.cdda.wav.mp3 track03.cdda.wav.mp3 track08.cdda.wav.mp3 track13.cdda.wav.mp3 track04.cdda.wav.mp3 track09.cdda.wav.mp3 track05.cdda.wav.mp3 track10.cdda.wav.mp3 but we want to rename them so they are like "05.........

How to root and unlock S4 in Canada Bell/Rogers/Telus/Fido I337 4.4.2

i337 Canada on Bell is hard to root or even install TWRP Installed TWRP from Odin and my computer gave me the bluescreen at the end but it seemed to be successful (after ODIN said reset). TWRP mode does not seem to enter, instead you get the Android recovery mode with Volume up + Home http://galaxys4root.com/galaxy-s4-root/how-to-root-att-or-verizon-galaxy-s4-on-android-4-4-2/ 1.)........

CPanel Link to all of the command line options

CPanel says you can access 98% of the functions through CLI which experienced Unix/Linux admins prefer for simplicity and for scripting. I've never found CPanel easy to use from the admin panel, it seems everything is hard to find and a simple task becomes a series of hunts. So for people like me here's the list: http://cpanel.net/system-administrators/command-line-scrip........

cp ignore symlink and copy the actual file

This can be very tricky, say you are doing development on a file that is symlinked. Doing a "cp dev.file dev.file-bk" won't do what you expect, it just links back to the same file so you haven't copied or backed anything up. You need the "-H" switch to copy the actual file that is referenced by the symlink: cp -Hdev.file dev.file-bk........

drbd won't create device if previous partition is on it Command 'drbdmeta 0 v08 /dev/md160 internal create-md' terminated with exit code 40

This is what fixed it: [root@box13 ~]# dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/md160 bs=512 count=500 Basically you need to wipe out more than just the 512 byte partition table so 512 bytes * 500 is more than enough to make DRBD happy and think the partition is now empty. The reason this happens is because it gets confused when there is a previous partition with data on the device you are using. root@box13 ~]# d........

LSI MegaRAID Adventures, Guide and HowTo

LSi Megaraid At first it was configured as a RAID 0, then I deleted the Virtual Disk Group. I thought both drives would be shown and detected in Linux as sda and sdb but it actually shows nothing. To make them work you have to hit Ctrl+R before the system boots (when prompted) and create a Virtual Disk Group. In my case I created each one as RAID 0 (with a single drive only) as I just wanted JBOD but there is no such option or default in these Dell Pe........

kvm cannot boot xen guest using lvm

This booting error is because the Xen PV guest image uses the Xen kernel, this is not compatible with anything but a host running a Xen kernel. I did a kpartx -av virtual.img and then it created some partitions that showed up in fdisk. I mounted it and did a chroot into it and removed the xen kernel and installed a normal kernel but Xen still shows the same kernel in Grub (only the Xen one). This is strange but it seems like this Xen PV guest has some sort of hidden or........

"Cannot load certificate file keys/server.crt: error:0906D06C:PEM" OpenVPN Solution

Cannot load certificate file keys/server.crt: error:0906D06C:PEM The .crt is blank empty because when generating it I kept hitting enter for the defaults and this caused the crt not to be signed. Certificate is to be certified until Dec 18 00:35:49 2022 GMT (3650 days) Sign the certificate? [y/n]:y 1 out of 1 certificate requests certified, commit? [y/n]y So if you get messages like these, a........

Howto Copy/Backup/Restore All Firefox Settings/Preferences/Addons/Bookmarks to another computer/desktop

I've used rsync again for this because I found it very simple, I've only excluded the Cache directory since it's not necessary and could be several GB in size. rsync -Phaz --exclude=Cache/* user@remotehost.com:/home/user/.mozilla/firefox/profile.default/* /home/user/.mozilla/firefox/ec1n9opl.default/ This is a great way once again to get going how you were on the old/remote computer fairly quickly. It even restores all of your history in........

postfix how to send to multiple recipients default limit of 1000

The size of the message you are trying to send exceeds a temporary size limit of the server. The message was not sent; try to reduce the message size or wait some time and try again. The server responded: 4.5.3 Error: too many recipients. We set this in main.cf: smtpd_client_recipient_rate_limit=0 We didn't specify it before and the default is said to be 0/unlimited and it still didn't change anything.........

xen how to resize an image properly

The best way I could figure out is to use another guest of some sort to do this, while assigning the disk that needs to be resized to the same guest. So say we have /dev/xvda as the guests drive and we've booted it up. We also have /dev/xvdb (this is going to be the image/disk to be resized). In this case it's based on an ext3/4 image. Run e2fsck on it to ensure there are no filesystem errors. e2fsck /dev/xvdb........

Debian UUID not working

Neither the blkid or the UUID internal to mdadm work to automount for some reason in Debian partprobe doesn't work but was a good suggestion from: http://pato.dudits.net/2008/11/03/special-device-uuidxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx-does-not-exist-especially-with-lvm mount: special device /dev/disk/by-uuid/431b9b96-29e8f298-e89bd504-7065bddd does not exist mdadm -D /dev/md_d12 mdadm: metadata format 00.90 unknown, ignored. /dev/md_d12: &nb........

Asus VE247H 23.7" Inch LCD/LED Backlit Monitor Dead/Stuck Pixel Policy Complaint

I've thought for awhile that Asus has been banking on its years old reputation for quality amongst gamers and enthusiasts and I think I'm right. My Asus VE247H Monitor with a supposed 2MS refresh rate has 1 red/stuck/dead pixel but fortunately it can only be seen on a non-true black picture or against a blue screen. I have several Asus products and find they're all of fairly poor quality. First of all their motherboards have given me the most issues of any brand, they te........

KVM QEMU and Xen how to mount disk images off-line and access data

fdisk -lu VPS.img last_lba(): I don't know how to handle files with mode 81ed You must set cylinders. You can do this from the extra functions menu. Disk VPS.img: 0 MB, 0 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 0 cylinders, total 0 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Device Boot Start End ........

How to recover from dead DRBD partition/hard drive in two simple commands

This assumes that you've at least created the correct partition for your DRBD already. Notice that I am "diskless", that's because either your DRBD partition doesn't exist/has been renamed (eg. sdb becomes sda when sdb dies and you reboot) or because that drive is really actually dead/gone. *If you need to permanently change the partition/device for your resource be sure to edit /etc/drbd.conf on both hosts and reload the config. (replace r0 with........

Kernel/make compilation time and how to improve compile times/compile the Linux kernel faster without hardware upgrades

I thought only a faster CPUand SSDwould help but I already have a Quad-Core CPU and it wasn't being maxed out. The actual tests were performed on an AMD-V enabled 128MB dual core VMWare container though. There is a flag that can be passed to make in order to start multiple threads, by specifying 4 threads I was able to reduce the whole kernel compilation time from scratch by about 50%! (65minutes vs 31minutes!). *Yes I did do a make clean before each co........

vnstat setup guide/tutorial

yum -y install vnstat chown nobody.nobody -R /var/lib/vnstat/ #replace venet0 below with your desired interface sudo -u nobody vnstat -u -i venet0 #edit: vi /etc/sysconfig/vnstat #VNSTAT_OPTIONS="-i venet0" # only use the sed below if you are using venet0 instead of eth0 or replace accordingly sed -i 's/eth0/venet0/g' /etc/sysconfig/vnstat [root@monitor]# yum install vn........

Linux High IOWAIT updatedb can't be killed and crash with mdadm

high IO wait 424 root 39 19 1900 848 552 D 0.0 0.0 0:00.91 updatedb root 424 0.0 0.0 1900 848 ? DN Mar11 0:00 /usr/bin/updatedb -f sysfs?rootfs?bdev?proc?cpuset?binfmt_misc?debugfs?sockfs?usbfs?pipefs?anon_inodefs?futexfs?tmpfs?inotifyfs?eventp........

email server messsages rejected without reverse DNS DNS check failure Client host rejected: cannot find your reverse hostname Cannot resolve PTR record

Basically you should always be 100% sure that whatever IPyour mail server sends out with has reverse DNS/PTR records. Remember that unless you own your IPs then you won't be able to set your own reverse DNS. Even if you were to create a reverse PTR record on your DNS servers it will be ignored. Reverse DNS is queried to pre-assigned DNS servers of your ISP, so therefore you'll need to contact your ISP/Colo/Hosting provider to do a reverse DNS entry. If you don't have........

VMWare bridged adapter not working: The network bridge on device vmnet0 is not running. The virtual machine will not be able to communicate with the host or with other machines on your network. Failed to connect virtual device Ethernet1.

VMWare bridged adapter not working: Message from system: The network bridge on device vmnet0 is not running. The virtual machine will not be able to communicate with the host or with other machines on your network. Failed to connect virtual device Ethernet1. I'm not sure how to fix this but one of the issues is that my eth0 became eth1 after moving my hard drives to a new motherboard. I have run the vmware-config.pl but this did not resolve the issue.........

mdadm/md-check how to check array integrity without rebuilding

This doesn't seem to be widely known (maybe it's in some documentation that none of us read though)but there's an easy way to check the integrity of any mdadm array: sudo echo check > /sys/block/md0/md/sync_action -bash: /sys/block/md0/md/sync_action: Permission denied sudo will never work, this only works as root since echo is not actually a binary/command. It is built-into bash. /sys/devices/virtu........

Ubuntu 10.04/GNOME Volume Control Missing From Panel/Indicator Applet

What this really refers to is gnome-volume-control-applet which is what controls the volume in the panel/indicator applet. In Ubuntu 10.04 it is just the applet mentioned above, run that from the command line and it will start. I lost mine when I removed pulseaudio trying to fix audio issues with Flash and Opera. It also removes the gnome-volume-control-applet from starting. *Ialso note........

mdadm won't boot due to fsck error

Nov 29 20:17:58 ubuntu kernel: [ 1157.180789] md: md1 stopped. Nov 29 20:17:58 ubuntu kernel: [ 1157.180829] md0: unknown partition table filesystem not responding/reading properly with du or rsync (this needed an fsck). [ 2571.489217] EXT3-fs error (device md2): ext3_lookup: deleted inode referenced: 35923106 [ 2571.942299] EXT3-fs error (device md2): ext3_lookup: deleted inode referenced: 35923110 [ 2571.9568........

Ubuntu 10.04/GRUB2 mdadm won't boot

Moving to RAID was a pain. What you have to do is the following from an existing install: Install mdadm Create your mdadm RAID 1 array on your spare hard drive. Start it with the missing disk. rsync the entire contents of your current / to the md partition. Here's a good way of doing it: rsync -Pha --exclude=/proc/* --exclude=/sys/* --exclude=/mnt/* /. /mnt/md2........

Subnet Mask Lengths / Quick Reference

Subnet Mask Lengths / Quick Reference This is for when you say how many IPs would be in a /20 or /24 Now instead of doing math just remember this table or visit here more often :) /32 1 IP Address(es) /31 2 IP Address(es)........

mdadm Linux Software RAID QuickStart Guide

Create New RAID 1 Array: First setup your partitions (make sure they are exactly the same size) In my example I have sda3 and sdb3 which are 500GB in size. mdadm --create /dev/md2 --level=1 --raid-devices=2 /dev/sda3 /dev/sdb3 mdadm: array /dev/md2 started. Check Status Of The Array *Note I already have other arrays md0 and md1. You can see below that md2 is syn........

Why does mdadm have two sets of UUID's?

Which one does the OS care about? blkid says the UUID is "787f1fa4-b010-4d77-a010-795b42884f56" while md insists its UUID is "4d96dd3b:deb5d555:7adb93cb:ce9182d9" When in doubt, do we assume the OS takes the one from blkid? /dev/md0: UUID="787f1fa4-b010-4d77-a010-795b42884f56" TYPE="ext3" [root@localhost ~]# mdadm -D /dev/md0 /dev/md0: Version : 0.90 &........

mdadm force/fix proper md127 name

I have an md0 arary that my Centos install refers to. I feel this is half the reason why it won't boot anymore. I saw the initrd for Centos was assembling it as md127 even though it was known as md0. The reason for this is because I used mdadm --assemble --scan to detect the array on a LiveCD. I had no idea this name would stick (but now I realize the name is permanently stored in the metadata once you mount md127 or whatever random name assemble gives it). W........

Compile PHP 5.3.2 on Centos 5 and CPanel/WHM because of error - Fatal error: Call to > undefined function imagecreatefromjpeg()

This function and others may not work with the stock PHPinstall on Centos/CPanel: Fatal error: Call to > undefined function imagecreatefromjpeg() Even with libjpeg-devel installed it won't work because PHP was not compiled with jpeg support, so we have to do the dirty work ourselves :) Here is the command/yum's I did to install missing libraries for PHP that configure will complain about (yes it is a one by one process). yum install bzip2-........

crontab Reference/How To/Info/Guide

I can never actually remember the order and the number of parameters so here they are: minute hour day of month month day of week command 0 5 *........

PHP cannot access /usr/bin/openssl

PHP cannot access /usr/bin/opensslI have verified the username that runs the process is able to access /usr/bin/openssl and it does exist but the PHP script is saying it doesn't exist: [code:1:1fd0f3abbe] if (!file_exists($OPENSSL)) { //echo "ERROR: OPENSSL $OPENSSL not foundn"; }[/code:1:1fd0f3abbe] I don't get itI can clearly see the contents of /usr/bin by using the PHP system fu........

JavasScript how to set or write value in id tag

JavasScript how to set or write value in id tagbla I need to set a value inside that DIV tag using Javascript, how would I do it?Doesn't work for me: [quote:c6b5f693a5]Warning: Element referenced by ID/NAME in the global scope. Use W3C standard document.getElementById() instead. Source File: http://hosting.com/vps-order.html Line: 19[/quote:c6b5f693a5] [code:1:c6b5f693a5]........

Asterisk FreeBSD compile problems

Asterisk FreeBSD compile problemsI couldn't get it to compile without using the following options at compile time: [b:b7d672ee28] make install WITHOUT_ZAPTEL=YES WITHOUT_MYSQL=YES WITHOUT_FAX=YES WITHOUT_ODBC=YES WITHOUT_H323=YES[/b:b7d672ee28]Some problems you might have with copying over your Linux config files to FreeBSD is different paths. [b:f044931f41]For example the etc path for Asterisk on BSD will now be:[/b:f044931f41] [qu........

Nice tutorial on working with browser windows

Nice tutorial on working with browser windowsCheck: *if a window is open/exists * how to close a window and more.. http://www.webreference.com/js/tutorial1/exist.html........

Quick Tutorial On Starting A Web Site

Quick Tutorial On Starting A Web Site[b:3cef3c01b6]Step 1.[/b:3cef3c01b6] Purchase a Domain Name (eg. yoursite.com) [b:3cef3c01b6]Step 2.[/b:3cef3c01b6] Design your site using a program such as Microsoft Frontpage or Macromedia Dreamweaver. If you are unable or unfamiliar with doing this you may want to hire a company to create your site (many of them will handle each aspect of setting up your site). [b:3cef3c01b6]Step 3.[/b:3cef3c01b6] Host your site........

Asterisk Queue Context Explained

Asterisk Queue Context ExplainedThis was never explained in voip-info or any other site I read. It is understood you can escape to a context from a queue and how to specify it. [b:882f1e0aee] What is NOT mentioned is that the context= you specify within the queues.conf refers to a [i:882f1e0aee]context that exists in extensions.conf[/i:882f1e0aee][/b:882f1e0aee] This will save you headaches if you need to escape from the queue :)........

Broadband Preferences

Broadband PreferencesLet's see what people prefer.........

Linux Kernel Error (2.6.33.1) BUG: Bad page state in process swapper - Keeps rebooting - initramfs bug

*This is a bug with initramfs support, all kernels after around 2.6.27.54 suffer from this problem. If you try to include initramfs into your kernel (I mean actually building your binaries into the kernel) this will always happen. Obviously some code has changed in recent kernels that is present in all new kernels, it makes it impossible to boot I've tried the latest 2.6.32, 2.6.33, 2.6.34, 2.6.35, 2.6.36, 2.6.37, 2.6.38 kernels and they all do this. I found one bug re........

Clustered/Distributed Network Filesystems, Which Ones live up to the hype?

I've tried to find a good sensible solution to cluster with and each technology has it's pros and cons and there is no perfect solution and I've found a lot of "exaggerations" in the applications, benefits and performance of these different filesystems. DRBD I first started off with DRBD and Ihave to say it does live up to the hype, is quite reliable (although it can be annoying to match up the kernel module and user applications since they must match and whe........

Linux Bash Shell Cannot/Can't View File That Starts With - Dash ?

Iwas getting really annoyed with this, I used full quotes around the filename and vi, cat, less all thought I was trying to pass the dash in the filename as an argument. I didn't realize that all you have to do is just put a dash dash "--"in front. Here's an example:cat -- "-etc-glusterfs-glusterfsd.vol.log" Without the -- you get: cat: invalid option -- c Try `cat --help' for more information. Ih........

SIOCSIFADDR No such device eth0 error while getting interface flags - eth0 Ethernet Device can

Igot this after copying a VMWare image onto another machine in Debian. SIOCSIFADDR No such device eth0 error while getting interface flags The solution 1.) Find and edit the device line in persisent-net.rules note it will be prefixed with something like z25 or something else. vi /etc/udev/rules.d/z25_persistent-net.rules The easiest way is to comment anything out. If you are feeling........

Viewing and Connecting to an SMB Samba Share on Windows/Linux/Unix

This will give you the basic info needed to browse and connect to Samba shares from the command line. From the GUI of Gnome or KDE etc, it is pretty standard and straight forward. However, I've found very little guides on how to do it from the command line and if you're like me, a nerd who prefers command line for its simplicity and for remote use, this is the way to go. First get a list of all the Samba/SMB shares on the target. smbclient -L hostname........

LAME MP3 Encoder Segmentation Faults

This happened on one of my Ubuntu machines where Igot some kind of segfault on line 21 from LAME at random while encoding MP3s (a second try is fine usually). I've read that it's best to compile it from source and that has solved most issues for people. Here is my preferred configure line: ./configure --enable-mp3x --with-fileio=lame --enable-debug --with-vorbis Even with that I got a different error this tim........

Writing/Burning a data CD-R/DVD-R or DVD+RW in Unix/Linux

There's a lot of outdated information and confusion for system administrator's out there. One annoying task for many an Administrator has been backing up data in Linux. You don't need any GUI tools such as K3B or GnomeBaker. Both are excellent tools but for veteran command line users working remotely, using the keyboard is a great and possibly automated way to save yourself pain and hassle. At a later date we'll cover how scripting can automatically backup certain........