• How to configure OpenDKIM on Linux with Postfix and setup bind zonefile


    This guide assumes you have a working Postfix server and want it to sign with DKIM. There are a few things we have to understand to make all of this work though, which require you to be familiar with DNS as well. 1.) Install OpenDKIM apt install opendkim systemctl enable opendkim 2.) Edit /etc/opendkim.conf Syslog yes SyslogSuccess yes Mode&nbs........
  • How To Stop DNSMasq from listening on all IPs/Interfaces and allow only localhost


    Some people find it less than intuitive to do on DNSMasq and by default DNSMasq is available on 0.0.0.0 which could even be your LAN or Public IP. Active Internet connections (servers and established) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name tcp ........
  • Proxmox install issue cannot see the buttons or install wrong / bad resolution cannot see the entire screen problem solution


    If you are using a hypervisor to test Proxmox (eg. Vbox) then changing the video card/display adapter can fix it. For example VboxSVGA causes the issue but switching to VMSVGA fixes it. For example VboxSVGA causes the issue but switching to VMSVGA fixes it. ........
  • Linux dhcp dhclient Mint Redhat Ubuntu Debian How To Use Local Domain DNS Server Instead of ISPs


    If you are running a local DNS server like named/bind and don't want to use the ISPsupplied DNS servers that are announced via a DHCP request (using dhclient) then the solution is simple. The reason should be obvious, but normally running your own DNS server will provide a more reliable, and fast DNS response and you won't have to worry about filtering as much (unless your upstream filters or proxies outgoing DNS requests). Edit /etc/dhcp/dhclient.conf........
  • apache2 httpd apache server will not start [pid 22449:tid 139972160445760] AH00052: child pid 23248 exit signal Aborted (6) solution Mint Debian Ubuntu Redhat


    If you get this error, it is often because you have configured Apache with modules that weren't actually installed. Eg. you try to load the PHPmodule but didn't actually install the apache2 php module, so the server can't start. In general, this error can often be caused by issues with problematic modules and/or Apache being configured for modules that have not actually be installed (eg. libapache2-mod-php) is missing. The above results in this less than obv........
  • Linux Ubuntu Mint how to check nameservers when /etc/resolv.conf disabled solution


    You'll notice that /etc/resolv.conf contains dire warners on most Linux Desktops. # This file is managed by man:systemd-resolved(8). Do not edit. # # This is a dynamic resolv.conf file for connecting local clients to the # internal DNS stub resolver of systemd-resolved. This file lists all # configured search domains. # # Run "resolvectl status" to see details about the uplink DNS servers # currently in use........
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    Virtualbox is a very powerful tool, but for some use cases it is less than optimal. Say you are in a work, lab or other environment where you are not alone on the physical network and there could be overlap of IPs, but you need all of your VMs to be contactable from your host, VMs need to communicate with each other, and VMs need internet. NAT Network will give you VM to VM communication and internet, however, it is buggy and unstable. It also doesn't allow host to VM co........
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  • Vbox Virtualbox DNS NAT Network Mode NOT working


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  • Docker Tutorial HowTo Install Docker, Use and Create Docker Container Images Clustering Swarm Mode Monitoring Service Hosting Provider


    The Best Docker Tutorial for Beginners We quickly explain the basic Docker concepts and show you how to do the most common tasks from starting your first container, to making custom images, a Docker Swarm Cluster Tutorial, docker compose and Docker buildfiles.........
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    Kubernetes Easy Beginners Tutorial/Architecture Guide Kubernetes is known as container orchestration and we should start at explaining the container part of it. A Container is what runs the actual application and based on an Image, and are more comparable to something like an LXC Container, Virtuozzo/OpenVZ using the Linux Kernel Namespaces feature. Containers run these images as independent, isolated operating environments under the O........
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    Just a quick note and warning is that if you are testing to see if EFIPXE booting works on a VM, MAKE SURE it actually works. For example Iinitially tested using my Distro's QEMU 2.5+dfsg-5ubuntu10.46 and ovmf BIOS firmware (OVMF supports EFI). However, I found on old versions of QEMU (like 2.5), EFIbooting with GRUB NEVER works so it may appear that you have made a mistake when everything is fine when you boot a physi........
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    Many people may not be aware that you can turn commodity hardware into a Mikrotik OS and there are various options which is "CHR" (Cloud Hosted Router) which is a VMimage meant for Virtualization only (seriously, I've tried to dd the image to a physical server and it just crashed as it does not contain any drivers for physical). One note as well if you are trying to do a baremetal install you may get an error "Error Loading Operating System" or........
  • CentOS 7 8 yum error Trying other mirror. To address this issue please refer to the below wiki article


    The below appears at first to be a bad mirror DNS error, but if you've ruled that out you just need to clear your broken yum cache and things will be good. yum update Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: centos.01link.hk * extras: centos.01link.hk * updates: centos.01link.hk http://mirror.worria.com/centos/7.8.2003/os/x86_64/repodata/repomd.xml: [Errno 14] HTTP Error 404 - Not........
  • Asterisk Does Not Retry When Authentication Fails


    When authentication times out that is one thing, but when it just fails like below Asterisk by default will not re-register until you the admin reload the sip or asterisk server: voipserver*CLI> sip show registry Host dnsmgr Username Refresh State&........
  • named bind errors - DNSKEY: unable to find a DNSKEY which verifies the DNSKEY RRset and also matches a trusted key for '.'


    Mar 22 13:46:14 box named[31767]: validating @0x7f51bc001550: . DNSKEY: unable to find a DNSKEY which verifies the DNSKEY RRset and also matches a trusted key for '.' Mar 22 13:46:14 box named[31767]: validating @0x7f51bc001550: . DNSKEY: please check the 'trusted-keys' for '.' in named.conf. Mar 22 13:46:14 box named[31767]: error (broken trust chain) resolving './NS/IN': 192.36.148.17#53 One possibility is sometimes that your time is ou........
  • Bind / named not responding to queries solution


    By default bind will not respond to outside queries for security reasons. In most distributions you will find the default in /etc/named.conf looks like this at the top under options: listen-on port 53 { 127.0.0.1; }; listen-on-v6 port 53 { ::1; }; directory "/var/named";........
  • Cisco Unified Communications Manager 12 Install Errors on Proxmox/KVM


    The strange thing is that usually the first install or two will work on any new machine but then it suddenly won't. I had this experience on QEMU 2.13 on a different machine. There is something finicky or buggy about the CUCM installer even when choosing the same virtual hardware specs. qemu-kvm command: /usr/libexec/qemu-kvm -version QEMU PC emulator version 0.12.1 (qemu-kvm-0.12.1.2-2.506.el6_10.1), Copyright (c) 2003-2008 Fabrice Bellard ........
  • How To Edit Linux Based NM Network Manager Connection Settings Without GUI


    Just find the relevant file in /etc/NetworkManager/system-connections sudo vi /etc/NetworkManager/system-connections/Wired connection 1 [802-3-ethernet] duplex=full mac-address=00:00:00:FE:FE:FE [connection] id=Wired connection 1 type=802-3-ethernet timestamp=1532403341 [ipv6] method=ignore [ipv4] method=manual........
  • Linux named / bind how to dump, view and clear the cache!


    Do you hate it when your ISPhas old cached records because of a high TTLon the DNS record of the relevant domain? In plain English this means you often can't connect to a site or service because your ISP's DNS servers haven't gotten word of the new IP address (probably because they haven't checked). There are also some that are notorious for ignoring TTL and not updating records for days! But if you are lucky and smart enough to have your own Linux based DNS se........
  • Centos 6 / 7 / 8 How To Change Default nameservers in /etc/resolv.conf when using DHCP / dhclient


    First we need to create dhclient.conf if it doesn't exist or edit it: vi /etc/dhclient/dhclient.conf #add this line at the top add the IPs as commas they will be the highest priority nameservers and whatever your ISP gives you will be used after these one (good for DNS backup) prepend domain-name-servers 127.0.0.1,10.10.25.8; After you restart your network or run dhclient again you should see the contents of........
  • What DNS Options Does Active Directory Offer in Windows Server 2008,2012,2016 ?


    What Is Active Directory? Active Directory is essentially an enhanced, centralized database with a set of objects that make user management, authorization, and data management simpler. Active Directory is synonymous with "Domain Controllers" where a single "domain" often consists of multiple sites and members of the domain. Multiple domains can also be joined to belong to a tree ( a collection of domains). And the highest layer is the forest whi........
  • gvfs mount in /run/user cannot be accessed or displayed wrong permissions Error: Location is already mounted


    You get errors like below and see you have all question marks for the permissions if you go to /run/user/1000/gvfs If you try to access the mounted share such as anything mounted as gvfs like an SSH share in your file manager you may get an error like this. It generally means an interruption in communication or a fault with gvfsd has caused it. Solutio........
  • VMWare ESXi 6.7 SSH/PowerShell CLI Commands


    [root@localhost:~] BootModuleConfig.sh echo host-ind nfcd........
  • VMWare Vsphere VCSA Graphical Install Creates json


    yes it does create its own json ============================================ cat /tmp/vcsaUiInstaller/ovftool-20180809-175238948-20180809-175603497.log |grep -i json 2018-08-09T17:56:04.238-07:00 verbose OVFTool[30966] [Originator@6876 sub=Default] Manifest file entry: SHA1(VMware-vCenter-Server-Appliance-6.7.0.12000-8832884_OVF10-file1.json) = 1deb658c724767697587d5909c4051c01813e6a1 --> ........
  • Postfix How To Change Sending IP Address To Specific IP Binding or Interface


    Ithought I'd post this becuase there is some bad information out there. Some guides tell you to edit /etc/postfix/master.cf (-o smtp_bind_address=) but this doesn't work. The same guide also says if you don't change it there you end up changing the listening IP/bind interface which is also not true. Here is a simple and effective way to change Postfix's sending/binding/outgoing IP address (very important for reverse DNS and so mail servers don't block you)........
  • VMWare 6.7 VCSA VSphere ESXi Management SSO Install Guide on Linux using the CLI


    #mount the VCSA DVD mount /dev/sr0 /mnt/cd #alternatively you could mount the iso directly mount -o loop vcsa.iso /your/mount/path #for this purpose we are using the CLI installer on Linux cd /mnt/cd/vcsa-cli-installer/lin64 #no it's not going to be that easy you can't just run vcsa-deploy like that you need to use a template or configured .json file ./vcsa-deploy Usage: vcsa-deploy [-h] [--version] [--supported-deploymen........
  • named [FAILED] - zone 1.168.192.in-addr.arpa/IN: not loaded due to errors. - bind error solution


    Centos when copying old files and restarting it seems load everything fine and then says [FAILED] with no log or other message. service restart named named [FAILED] Check more thoroughly you may have missed the error if you have lots of zones! service named restart|grep error zone 1.168.192.in-addr.arpa/IN: not loaded due to errors. zone 2.168.192.in-addr.arpa/IN: no........
  • OpenVPN cannot ping remote IP routing loop issue after connecting


    Sometimes if you have a very basic configuration OpenVPN on the client side for some reason sends all traffic to the OpenVPN server IP through the tun0 which is of course impossible and creates a block or routing loop. This is because you need to use your normal ISP/LANgateway to hit the OpenVPN server if it is remote/offsite as is usually the case. So if you are connected to the OpenVPN through say a tun0 device and your routing is set to connect to the OpenVPN&nbs........
  • M2Crypto.SSL.Checker.WrongHost: Peer certificate subjectAltName does not match host, expected fedora-archive.ip-connect.vn.ua, got DNS:mirror.ip-connect.vn.ua


    You are using Centos 5 which is deprecated so nothing in yum will work until you follow this post to use the vault: http://realtechtalk.com/Centos_59_Working_Vault_Repo_file-1921-articles yum update Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * epel: fedora-archive.ip-connect.vn.ua Traceback........
  • Migrate Centos 7 from Single HDD to mdadm RAID 10 array:


    Done on Centos 7.3 very important as clearly based on older guides it was a lot easier and more simpler! Hint do not use grub2-install! If you have trouble booting after this check this CentOS mdadm RAID booting/fixing guide. One huge caveat if you are an oldschool user or sysadmin who has avoided UEFIbooting The nor........
  • The connection was reset The connection to the server was reset while the page was loading.


    In Firefox I cannot connect to any website, proxy is disabled and outside network access is confirmed, no system or manual proxy was set on this Linux Mint/Ubuntu system. Normally this can be caused by proxy or DNS problems and the weird thing is that traceroute and ping to other IPs worked fine but even connecting to sites by IP was not working. The connection was reset The connection to the server was reset while the page was loading.........
  • Linux Mint/Ubuntu/Debian Dual NICs networks problem when enabling and disabling one device


    The Scenario You have dual NICs and you disable NIC1 which uses 192.168.1.1 as its gateway. With NIC2 you enable it/connect it to another network which also has the gateway 192.168.1.1 Everything will work fine at this point. When switching back to NIC1 even with NIC2 disabled and even unplugged, the OS basically can't pick up the new/updated ARP entry of the old device for 192.168.1.1 and perhaps thinks it is a security risk or spoof of some sorts and blocks i........
  • openvz yum problem Centos 6.5 cannot find file on mirror:


    #solution Edit /etc/yum.repos.d/openvz.repo For the first two entries comment out #mirrorlist and uncomment #baseurl and then it worked openvz yum problem Centos 6.5 cannot find file on mirror: yum update Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Determining fastest mirrors * openvz-kernel-rhel6: mirrors.ustc.edu.cn * openvz-utils: mirrors.ustc.edu.cn base ........
  • Centos OpenDKIM & Postfix Setup Guidel


    #from epel repo yum -y install opendkim chkconfig opendkim on cd /etc/opendkim/keys opendkim-genkey -vd mail.server.com opendkim-genkey: generating private key opendkim-genkey: private key written to default.private opendkim-genkey: extracting public key opendkim-genkey: DNS TXT record written to default.txt ........
  • CPanel Link to all of the command line options


    CPanel says you can access 98% of the functions through CLI which experienced Unix/Linux admins prefer for simplicity and for scripting.  I've never found CPanel easy to use from the admin panel, it seems everything is hard to find and a simple task becomes a series of hunts. So for people like me here's the list: http://cpanel.net/system-administrators/command-line-scrip........
  • Ubuntu Linux Slow/Delayed SSH ping response Solution


    I've only ever seen this in Ubuntu for some reason and it is because of the /etc/nsswitch.conf settings. So the issue is that if the hostname's reverse DNS cannot be found that you need to go back to DNS which was not the default in this nsswitch.conf file for some strange reason. Edit /etc/nsswitch.conf and replace your "hosts" line with this: #hosts: files dns mdns4_minimal [NOTFOUND=return] mdns........
  • cPanel Find/Set Main DNS Servers for Template Howto


    Go to: "Server Configuration" -> Basic cPanel & WHM Setup Scroll to: "Nameservers" (at the bottom) From there you can set the names of the nameserver and their IPs. It's very weird and confusing that nothing under IP Functions/DNS has or links to this.........
  • CPanel suhosin install failed


    /scripts/phpextensionmgr install PHPSuHosin Updating md5sum list Fetching http://httpupdate.cpanel.net/cpanelsync/easy/targz.yaml (connected:0).......(request attempt 1/12)...Resolving httpupdate.cpanel.net...(resolve attempt 1/65)... Fetching http://httpupdate.cpanel.net/mirror_addr_list (connected:0).......(request attempt 1/3)......connecting to 74.50.120.123...@74.50.120.123......connected......receiving...100%......request success......Done........
  • pxe-32 tftp open timeout


    pxe-32 tftp open timeout The solution was to enable tftp in xinetd with "chkconfig tftp on". See the troubleshooting below: chkconfig --list NetworkManager 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off acpid 0:off&n........
  • GoDaddy How To Register and Create/Use Your Own DNS Name Servers


    http://support.godaddy.com/help/article/668/registering-your-own-nameservershosts?pc_split_value=1 Log in to your GoDaddy Account. Click on "My Account" at the top left. Click on "Domains". Click on the "Launch" button for the domain you want to create the nameservers for. Find........
  • CPanel How To Add A Domain Name Solution "Sorry, you must enter a domain. Please try again."


    Add a DNS Zone Results of adding zone Sorry, you must enter a domain. Please try again. Fill this out at the top (Imissed it) Domain Selection Ip Domain The issue was I didn't realize the form above had to be used,I thought it should work where you click on the user, domain and then click on the submit button and you'd go to the next step. But it doesn't, you need to........
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    No one needs this feature for the most part, so here's what I added to /etc/dhcpd.conf to fix it: ddns-update-style none;........
  • Setup PXE Boot using Centos and dhcpd, tftp and syslinux


    This is something I often setup for clients because it's very helpful for people in datacenters, this allows custom OS installs on demand, you can customize it more by using kickstart etc.. but here's a base I use before customizing more: This little script below will install everything you need to get booting by PXE Linux. It also assumes you set a local IP (be sure not to overwrite your existing IP) on eth0:0 (note the :0) as 192.168.1.10 and it........
  • Ubuntu 10 Nvidia Drivers Not Updated After Kernel Update Solution/How-To Manually Rebuild nvidia kernel modules for Ubuntu


    I dread updating the kernel and rebooting to find the Ubuntu graphics aren't working and you have to manually intervene. This is usually because Ubuntu for whatever reason didn't update the drivers you need (eg. the manually compiled Nvidia Kernel driver that MUST be recompiled for each and every kernel update unfortunately). The most common reason may be that "linux-source" hasn't been installed automatically on my system. I tried to manually reinstall the........
  • List of Free Public DNS Servers IP Addresses


    One thing to note about DNS servers and providers is that they aren't always trustworthy, not even if they're Google or your favorite ISP. Any DNS server can compromise your privacy, and they are likely tracking your browsing habits and keeping logs of it. Sometimes it's for Marketing/Research purposes such as Google's GMail service which they admit is scraped/datamined. I would expect nothing less from their DNS service. The other danger with such widely used and pu........
  • Apache High CPU Usage Enable Mod_Status Guide Solution - Find Cause of High CPU Usage Script/Domain


    mod_status is a great way to track down the source of high CPU usage and to find what vhost/script is the cause of it. It gives you a live view of bandwith usage, CPU usage, and memory usage broken down by domain/vhost and script/URI. Enable mod_status vi /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf ExtendedStatus On SetHandler server-status Order Deny,Allow Deny from all All........
  • Yahoo Mail (email) DNS Server Out Of Date Problems


    I don't expect this to be solved soon but some of Yahoo's DNS servers are out of whack. I changed the IPs of some nameservers of some domains and now most Yahoo users can't e-mail to those domains! As you can see below by the "No MX or A records for mychangedomain.com", now Yahoo's DNS/mailserver DNS cache is wrong. You would think they would at least have cached the old incorrect records, but instead for some reason their DNS cache has no entry and doesn't seem........
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    Centos 5 Postfix and SPAMASSASSIN Tutorial yum install spamassassin chkconfig spamassassin on vi /etc/mail/spamassassin/local.cf ############## #required_hits 5 #report_safe 0 #rewrite_header Subject [SPAM] #5 is the least restrictive (means only the most obvious SPAM is caught. 0 is obviously the most restrictive/sensitive and would have lots of false positives require........
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    SPAMASSASSIN Disable OpenWhois RBL (it is dead/defunct/no longer active): You might see this in your headers 2.4 DNS_FROM_OPENWHOIS RBL: Envelope sender listed in bl.open-whois.org comment out this inside /usr/share/spamassassin/72_active.cf ##{ DNS_FROM_OPENWHOIS ifplugin Mail::SpamAssassin::Plugin::DNSEval header DNS_FROM_OPENWHOIS eva........
  • email server messsages rejected without reverse DNS DNS check failure Client host rejected: cannot find your reverse hostname Cannot resolve PTR record


    Basically you should always be 100% sure that whatever IPyour mail server sends out with has reverse DNS/PTR records. Remember that unless you own your IPs then you won't be able to set your own reverse DNS. Even if you were to create a reverse PTR record on your DNS servers it will be ignored. Reverse DNS is queried to pre-assigned DNS servers of your ISP, so therefore you'll need to contact your ISP/Colo/Hosting provider to do a reverse DNS entry. If you don't have........
  • named/bind cannot find zone file, load zone files without specifying full directory path/loading master file genuine.com.zone: file not found


    genuine.com/IN: loading master file genuine.com.zone: file not found _default/genuine.com/IN: file not found I always found it silly that no one really talks about this and apparently many like me and even control panels like Plesk were still using hard paths. I always thought "why can't I just specify the name of the zone file and have bind find it". Surely the default search path must be /var/named or somewhere else but there is no such thing.........
  • Webmin/Virtualmin when enabling bind: Failed to save enabled features : Virtualmin is configured to setup DNS zones, but this system is not setup to use itself as a DNS server. Either add 127.0.0.1 to the list of DNS servers, or turn off the BIND fe


    Webmin/Virtualmin when enabling bind: Failed to save enabled features : Virtualmin is configured to setup DNS zones, but this system is not setup to use itself as a DNS server. Either add 127.0.0.1 to the list of DNS servers, or turn off the BIND feature on the module config page. It means what it says, add "127.0.0.1" to /etc/resolv.conf........
  • SSH delay problem UseDNS and disabling GSSAPI does not help


    The normal solution doesn't help or apply here: ssh -v user@192.168.5.41 OpenSSH_4.3p2 Debian-9etch3, OpenSSL 0.9.8c 05 Sep 2006 debug1: Reading configuration data /etc/ssh/ssh_config debug1: Applying options for * debug1: Connecting to 192.168.5.41 [192.168.5.41] port 22. debug1: Connection established. debug1: permanently_set_uid: 0/0 debug1: identity file /root/.ssh/identity type -1 debug1: i........
  • Use rcconf to edit startup/init.d/init scripts on Debian/Ubuntu based distributions


    I've never understood how to enable and disable services for different run levels in Debian based distros, it's just weird, annoying and doesn't make sense. I much prefer chkconfig from RHEL. Just install the package called 'rcconf' and be done with it. rcconf makes things easy for you. apt-get install rcconf Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done........
  • How To Set DHCP/Static IP Address in Centos/RHEL/Fedora & Debian/Ubuntu/Kubuntu/MEPIS Set DHCP/Static IP Address


    Basically the two main types of distros are Debian and RHEL/Centos based. I'm just going to give a quick overview of how the configuration of IP interfaces works in Debian/Centos based distros. *Just one thing to remember, when setting IPs statically you have to manually specify a DNS server in /etc/resolv.conf (since DHCP is what normally does it automatically) Debian/Ubuntu/Kubuntu/MEPIS The IP (DHCP &........
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    Icouldn't understand why on one system it took a few minutes to get the SSHlogin prompt when connecting to other systems. The other systems all had the UseDNS parameter set to no, which almost always resolves the login prompt delay. The reason is Ubuntu and perhaps Debian and other distributions /etc/nsswitch.conf file Edit yours to have the "hosts" line like so (notice that files and dns are the primary resolution choice........
  • SSH Server Slow/Lagged/Delayed Login Response


    This is really something the SSHServer developers should consider. The cause of this annoyance is because of failed DNS lookups on your IPaddress, which is especially common for many dedicated/col-located servers and also computers on internal NAT/private networks. The chances are this is the cause of your SSHSlow/Delayed Login problems. The easy solution to SSH Login Problems Edit /etc/ssh/sshd_config Add this line to disable r........
  • ENOM Major Outage


    At this time we can't resolve Enom's website and all DNS requests to their 4 primary name servers are failing, although the hostnames themselves still resolve: Name Server: DNS1.NAME-SERVICES.COM Name Server: DNS2.NAME-SERVICES.COM Name Server: DNS3.NAME-SERVICES.COM Name Server: DNS4.NAME-SERVICES.COM Name Server: DNS5.NAME-SERVICES.COM You would really think Enom, bein........
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