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    apt install tftpd-hpa #change TFTP_ADDRESS to by setting address to 192.168.1.1:69 or the IP you need, otherwise it will listen on all IPs and interfaces which could be a security risk. # edit /etc/default/tftpd-hpa TFTP_USERNAME="tftp" TFTP_DIRECTORY="/srv/tftp" TFTP_ADDRESS="192.168.1.1:69" TFTP_OPTIONS="--secure"........

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  • [error] (28)No space left on device: Cannot create SSLMutex Apache Solution Linux CentOS Ubuntu Debian Mint


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    find /usr/share/zoneinfo/|sed s#"/usr/share/zoneinfo/"##g|grep "/"|grep -v posix|grep -v ^"Etc/"|grep -v ^right|grep -v ^"SystemV" Africa/Addis_Ababa Africa/Abidjan Africa/Blantyre Africa/Lusaka Africa/Casablanca Africa/Libreville Africa/Asmara Africa/Bujumbura Africa/Dakar Africa/Lagos Africa/Malabo Africa/Harare Africa/Kigali........

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    autoreconf: Entering directory `.' autoreconf: configure.ac: not using Gettext autoreconf: running: aclocal --output=aclocal.m4t Can't exec "aclocal": No such file or directory at /usr/share/autoconf/Autom4te/FileUtils.pm line 326. autoreconf: failed to run aclocal: No such file or directory make: *** [/software/pixman/configure] Error 1 Just install automake: yum install automake........

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    In this example we install debian 10 with --variant=minbase which gives us a minimal/tiny install. Don't use variant if you want the full size install. mkdir /tmp/deb10files debootstrap --variant=minbase buster /tmp/deb10files/ Did you get an error? debootstrap --variant=minbase buster /home/theuser/VMs/deb10files/ You'll get this error if you make a directory in your home........

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    It may appear to be an Xorg or lightdm/gdm/mdm error but in reality for many users with this issue, it's a driver conflict and issue. I had a system that had two GPUs, an Intel and Nvidia GPU. The only thing that got it working was to remove the nouveau driver and blacklist it so it never came back, then the Intel GPU works fine without these issues. Solution sudo rmmod nouveau add nouveau/other driver to blacklist edit th........

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    Here is how Ifixed it on a Mint/Ubuntu install 1.) First download the latest AMDGPU-Pro driver from here: https://www.amd.com/en/support Navigate to your relevant video card: 2.) Download the installer One issue is that by default they give you a version for the latest version of........

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    Sometimes manual intervention on various Linux system's, including Debian, is required to fix things after waking up from sleep. One persistent issue is the sound system / pulseaudio needing to be reset and not working until you do that after waking up. It's not clear if it's an OS issue itself or the sound driver, but this will fix things. Where do we put scripts or commands that need to be used upon wakeup automatically? /lib/systemd/syst........

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    If you are using mint, delete the preference that stops snap from installing (as it is required for lxc) sudo rm /etc/apt/preferences.d/nosnap.pref 1. Install lxd: sudo apt install lxd Issues install lxd or errors? Click here Debian at this time does not have lxd so you'll need to use snap: sudo apt in........

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    (firefox:9562): LIBDBUSMENU-GLIB-WARNING **: Unable to get session bus: Failed to execute child process "dbus-launch" (No such file or directory) ExceptionHandler::GenerateDump cloned child 9743 ExceptionHandler::WaitForContinueSignal waiting for continue signal... ExceptionHandler::SendContinueSignalToChild sent continue signal to child [Parent 9562, Gecko_IOThread] WARNING: pipe error (40): Connection reset by peer: file /build/firefox-EymEXX/fire........

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  • Ansible Tutorial - Playbook How To Install From Scratch and Deploy LAMP + Wordpress on Remote Server


    1. Let's work from an environment where we can install Ansible on. If you are using an older version of Linux based on Mint 18 or Ubuntu 16, you may want to get the PPA and get the latest version of Ansible that way: sudo apt install gpg sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ansible/ansible sudo apt update........

  • Ubuntu Linux Mint - Volume Control Stopped Working


    Volume control will often stop working, if your sound server (normally pulseaudio) dies or restarts whether by itself or by you. The reason pulseaudio may need to be restarted is due to some sort of crash or other issue that prevents sound from working (normally restarting or doing a killall pulseaudio fixes things). However, you will normally find at least in OS's like Ubuntu/Mint 16/18+ that you cannot control the volume whether adjusting the level, changing input/outputs and........

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    Just a quick note and warning is that if you are testing to see if EFIPXE booting works on a VM, MAKE SURE it actually works. For example Iinitially tested using my Distro's QEMU 2.5+dfsg-5ubuntu10.46 and ovmf BIOS firmware (OVMF supports EFI). However, I found on old versions of QEMU (like 2.5), EFIbooting with GRUB NEVER works so it may appear that you have made a mistake when everything is fine when you boot a physi........

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    Enable "cli" mode equivalent in JunOS cli Configure Mode configure So rather than going to the console on a Cisco switch and typing "enable" and then "conf t", the equivalent in JunOS is "cli" and "configure". How Do You Apply Changes You've Made? You can make all kinds of changes to the switch, but remember they are not........

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    One simple flag to configure will create a makefile that statically links all the shared objects and embeds them instead the binary execute. This means as long as you have the same architecture that things should run. Eg. if you have an old version of Debian with a different version of glibc, then this will solve that problem. ./configure LDFLAGS="-static" To test that it is really statically linked run ldd: ldd src/wget........

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    The problem seems to be that whatever kernel and initrd you have is tied to an old version of CentOS 7 that is no longer in the current repos of most mirrors. If you were previously able to PXEboot and install CentOS and you are sure your network and tftp are good the problem is that you have an outdated kernel and initramfs that point to a defunct version.........

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    $ ./test.sh bash: ./test.sh: Permission denied This happens normally because you are on a partition that was mounted as "user" and without the exec option. Also be sure to add exec at the end so no other options set noexec. Change your fstab or add exec to your mount options: /dev/md127 /mnt/md127 ext4 auto,nofail,noatime,rw,user,exec 0 0 ........

  • How To Password Reset, Recover, Bypass, Remove and Unlock on Windows 10,8,7,Vista,XP,NT,2000,2003,2008,2012,2016,2019 Administrative Login Programs


    If you've come here, don't be embarraassed, working in IT, this is the MOST common computer problem that almost everyone will encounter. The reason why I'm doing this post is because I've seen an increase from colleagues and admins having this problem and many times it's not even your fault. A common scenario is that someone acquires a new or used computer which they weren't given the password for. Fortunately Ihave a detailed list of all the options whether free or pa........

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    /usr/libexec/qemu-kvm -enable-kvm -boot order=cd,once=dc -vga cirrus -m 4096 -drive file=~/23815135.img,if=virtio -usbdevice tablet -net nic,macaddr=DE:AD:BE:EF:D4:AB -netdev bridge,br=br0,id=net0 qemu-kvm: -usbdevice tablet: '-usbdevice' is deprecated, please use '-device usb-...' instead access denied by acl file qemu-kvm: bridge helper failed [root@CentOS-82-64-minimal 23815135]# /usr/libexec/qemu-kvm -enable-kvm -boot order=cd,once=dc -vga cirrus -........

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    apt install software-properties-common add-apt-repository ppa:deadsnakes/ppa apt update apt install python3-pip apt install python3.7 curl gnupg python3.7-dev git ln -s /usr/bin/python3.7 /usr/bin/python3 pip3 install numpy keras_preprocessing curl https://bazel.build/bazel-release.pub.gpg | sudo apt-key add - echo "deb [arch=amd64] http://storage.googleapis.com/bazel-apt stable jdk1.8" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/bazel........

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    Iam going to build this based on a series of small howto QEMU / KVMposts I've made as I feel much of the information is actually hard to find and piece together from the rest of the web. What I'm going to focus on is how to use virtio as the NIC because if you don't you get very slow NIC speeds but with the virtio NIC model you basically get host speeds. /usr/libexec/qemu-kvm -enable-kvm -smp 8 -m 16000 -net user -net nic,model=virtio -drive file=ubuntu-gpt2l........

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    When authentication times out that is one thing, but when it just fails like below Asterisk by default will not re-register until you the admin reload the sip or asterisk server: voipserver*CLI> sip show registry Host dnsmgr Username Refresh State&........

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    Just run this apt install command sudo apt install pepperflashplugin-nonfree browser-plugin-freshplayer-pepperflash After this restart your browser and check Adobe's site to verify if your Pepper flash is working and showing at least version 32. https://helpx.adobe.com/flash-player.html As you'll see below it will download the latest version which is currently 32 and this was not possible with the old/crappy deprecated adobe-flash plu........

  • Ubuntu Debian Linux Cannot Install Wine Solution - wine1.6 : Depends: wine1.6-i386 (= 1:1.6.2-0ubuntu14.2) but it is not installable wine1.4 : Depends: wine1.6 but it is not going to be installed


    If you've ever gotten errors like this the solution is simple, you need i386 enabled on your 64-bit install because wine depends on some 32-bit x86 libraries: dpkg --add-architecture i386 apt update apt install wine After that it will install just fine. apt install wine Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done........

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    This is sure simple if you follow the guide but it took a lot of hacking around to make this work on Debian/Ubuntu! Now before you ask why bother running wine and python, the reason is because Python executables are NOT cross-platform. If you run pyinstaller in Linux, that binary will only run on Linux and the same if you do it in Windows. So it is preferable if you have a single environment that you can create Linux and Windows binaries from rather than running 2 separate........

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    The scenario here is that you have some sort of remote headless Linux server but would like to run some programs on them and get graphical access to them. The problem is that the remote server may be an image or VMwithout any virtual GPU and even if so, it is likely without KDE or Gnome, so there's no real way to do this, unless you follow our guide. Install xvfb apt install xvfb Reading package lists... D........

  • httpd: Syntax error on line 221 of /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf: Syntax error on line 6 of /etc/httpd/conf.d/php.conf: Cannot load modules/libphp5.so into server: /lib64/libresolv.so.2: symbol __h_errno, version GLIBC_PRIVATE not defined in file libc.s


    httpd: Syntax error on line 221 of /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf: Syntax error on line 6 of /etc/httpd/conf.d/php.conf: Cannot load modules/libphp5.so into server: /lib64/libresolv.so.2: symbol __h_errno, version GLIBC_PRIVATE not defined in file libc.so.6 with link time reference This is usually caused by a mismatch in OpenSSLversion. Interestingly enough a lot of times if it has happened during an update of your system, or after, usually just restarting httpd........

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    Occasionally my whole screen locks up and I cannot even swith to the console and I find this in my syslog: *-display description: VGA compatible controller product: Mullins [Radeon R3 Graphics] vendor: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD/ATI]  ........

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    In this case I am executing using "python3" but what you find in cases like this can be surprising. The most common issues are that someone has a module for python 2 "pip" and doesn't realize they need "pip3" to install it for python3, but this is not one of those cases. ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'bs4' OKmaybe we didn't install it for python3? [........

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    Symbolic link not allowed or link target not accessible: /path/httpdocs/news.html There are a few reasons that can cause this message and this is for people who have ruled out the basics, eg. your symlinks are enabled and the right permissions are applied (but read on to learn about ownership requirements above the directory in question). So there are a few key things here that cause Apache not to follow symlinks:........

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    It is fairly simple to use once you know how to use it. However, the tricky thing is that by default it doesn't seem to be active or listen on any interface on manually specified. How To Install ifplugd First we install ifplugd sudo apt install ifplugd Let's enable it on our desired device(s) vi /etc/default/ifplugd set this line as so:........

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    The easiest way to know if your videos are playing with GPU acceleration are to watch the process of xplayer, mpv or whatever you are playing. The CPU usage should be no more than 10% for that process/program if it is using acceleration. Let's manually play with vdpau to make sure it works before we make it permanent: First make sure you have libvdpau installed: sudo apt install vdpau-driver-all If yo........

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    This problem has been around forever, Linux seems to think it is fine to use the r8169 driver for an r8168 NIC but this often causes problems including the link not working at all. In my case ethttool shows the link up and detected but it simply does not work especially on a laptop that has been resumed from suspension. Sometimes it takes several minutes for it to work or to unplug and replug the ethernet. Here is the solution: Install th........

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    If you can print other PDFs but not a particular one it is very likely that the PDF size is A4 (the longer, skinnier Asian paper size) instead of the North American letter size ( 8.5" x 11"). This breaks printing in most cases. Or it may print if you find a program that ignores the size issue. Here is an example of an A4 being rejected by a printer in Ubuntu Linux via CUPS Cannot print PDF CUPS Samsung C460: Processin........

  • Debian Ubuntu Mint rc-local service startup error solution rc-local.service: Failed at step EXEC spawning /etc/rc.local: Exec format error


    Oct 18 11:06:46 server systemd[529]: rc-local.service: Failed at step EXEC spawning /etc/rc.local: Exec format error Oct 18 11:06:46 server systemd[1]: rc-local.service: Control process exited, code=exited status=203 Oct 18 11:06:46 server systemd[1]: Failed to start /etc/rc.local Compatibility. Oct 18 11:06:46 server systemd[1]: rc-local.service: Unit entered failed state. Oct 18 11:06:46 server systemd[1]: rc-local.service: Failed with result 'exit-code'.........

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    sudo pip3 install python-docx [sudo] password for : Downloading/unpacking python-docx Downloading python-docx-0.8.10.tar.gz (5.5MB): 5.5MB downloaded Running setup.py (path:/tmp/pip_build_root/python-docx/setup.py) egg_info for package python-docx no previously-included directories found matching 'docs/.build' warning: no previously-included files matching '.DS_Store' foun........

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    service sshd status ● ssh.service - OpenBSD Secure Shell server Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/ssh.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled) Active: failed (Result: start-limit-hit) since Wed 2019-10-02 11:07:54 EDT; 36s ago Process: 476 ExecStartPre=/usr/sbin/sshd -t (code=exited, status=255) Oct 02 11:07:54 box systemd[1]: Failed to start OpenBSD Secure Shell server. Oct 02 11:07:54 box sys........

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    In Centos 7 tftpd will not work with selinux. Clients will not be able to connect and this is all you'll see in the log (then nothing more): Sep 18 14:39:15 localhost xinetd[4327]: START: tftp pid=4331 from=192.168.1.65 On the client/computer side you will see this: TFTP. PXE-M0F: Exiting Intel Boot Agent Basically the client is being instantly connected and bloc........

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    I don't consider a lot of these "extra" kernel modules "nice to have" as they often contain drivers for essential items like your soundcard, your NIC and many other devices that may not work. Sometimes you may find that "sound" or "ethernet" worked before a kernel/OS upgrade and now in the new version they don't. Often it will be because you need to install the "extra" kernel modules. One other weird thing is that sometimes........

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    Opening Firefox from the CLI reveals the following as the cause of the error: Query failed: Error: Error(s) encountered during statement execution: no such table: moz_favicons The symptoms of this issue are that in the address bar you cannot hit enter to browse to a site/url/address and your history cannot be accessed, nor does your history show up in the address bar when typing previously used addresses. This usually happens because you've........

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    Install Errors on Version 12: This error happened on QEMU emulator version 2.11.1 pve-qemu-kvm_2.11.1-5 on Proxmox/Debian but installing on QEMU.12 on Centos 6 did not produce the error. *Update it is not related to the OS or QEMU version. This happened in Centos 6 too after a second install. What really causes this even though you successfully install........

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    If you get error messages like this it is usually because /var/run/sshd does not exist. root@userbox:/# service sshd status ● ssh.service - OpenBSD Secure Shell server Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/ssh.service; enabled; vendor preset: enab Active: failed (Result: start-limit-hit) since Wed 2019-04-10 02:24:44 EDT; 1 Process: 511 ExecStartPre=/usr/sbin/sshd -t (code=exited, status=255)........

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  • Uploading Error HTTP error. Wordpress Upload Error Solution


    When you start uploading larger images in Wordpress you have to make sure your maximum attachment size is large enough and that the execution time is not too short: Uploading Error HTTP error. [Thu May 12 16:32:25 2016] [error] [client 10.10.5.2] PHP Fatal error: Maximum execution time of 30 seconds exceeded in /httpdocs/blog/wp-includes/class-wp-image-editor-gd.php on line 182 Solution Edit p........

  • SAS2008 LSI 9200-E Linux Upgrade Flash Firmware with sas2flash


    Download from here http://www.avagotech.com/products/server-storage/host-bus-adapters/sas-9200-8e#downloads sudo Installer_P20_for_Linux/sas2flash_linux_i686_x86-64_rel/sas2flash -listall LSI Corporation SAS2 Flash Utility Version 20.00.00.00 (2014.09.18) Copyright (c) 2008-2014 LSI Corporation. All rights reserved &nbs........

  • Apache Vhost HowTo Serve Same Content using a different domain and IP


    There are a few ways of doing this and all basically involve using the reverse proxy or "ProxyPass" feature of Apache to accomplish it. 1.) Create a normal vhost and simply symlink the root directory of the site you want to mirror. Eg. originalsite.com and newsite.com /vhosts/originalsite.com/httpdocs You would symlink like this: ln -s /vhosts/originalsite.com/httpdocs vhosts/originalsite.com/........

  • Avocent 8020 KVM Java Icedtea Viewer


    This command in Debian/Ubuntu/Mint will get everything need installed for most Java based KVM viewers: sudo apt install icedtea-netx The following additional packages will be installed: ca-certificates-java icedtea-netx-common openjdk-8-jre openjdk-8-jre-headless It seems every other updated version of Java or Icedtea breaks things and I will save the frustration of Java for another post.........

  • Cannot get mono to work properly on Linux Mint


    mono/wine not working in Ubuntu/Linux Mint/Debian: The assembly mscorlib.dll was not found or could not be loaded. It should have been installed in the `/usr/lib/mono/2.0/mscorlib.dll' directory. solution: sudo apt-get install mono-complete Problems: mono does not work well for even simple things like a Winrar self extracting .exe fi........

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  • Virtualbox Error


    In plain English this happens after you upgrade VBOX and it rebuilds kernel modules based on a newer kernel than you are running (eg. you upgraded your kernel but haven't booted into it). It is too bad there is not a standard work around that would allow it to realize this and keep old kernel modules and use them if it detects your current kernel is older than the most recently build modules. =============== RTR3InitEx failed with rc=-1912 (rc=-1912) The........

  • Virtualbox errors on Ubuntu/Debian/Mint


    The solution was to reinstall the vbox dkms package and do a manual modprobe of the modules it makes. I never sorted out the unable to start due to the USB issue, I did have the guest additions installed but the only way to boot was to change the pointing device from USB to PS2 and then to disable the USB controller (if your pointing device is set as USB, disabling USB will not work because it will re-enable by default when it sees your pointing device is USB, this is w........

  • Centos/obfsproxy errors


    I never did get it working, it is too bad as obfsproxy should really be an option and integrated into the OpenVPN client and server or something similar: yum -y install python-pip python-devel No package python-pip available. #install the EPEL repo python-pip install obfsproxy python-pip install obfsproxy -bash: python-pip: command not found pip install obfsproxy &........

  • Weird Ubuntu Issues with NVIDIA driver/Compiz


    1.) My screensaver would take a long time to disable after hitting a key. 2.) Usually errors like below will follow. 3.) Compiz sometimes uses 100% or high CPU 4.) My window controls will disable (eg. the minimize, maximize and close buttons). It seems like Compiz or appearance/effects disable themselves. Re-enabling Desktop Effects under Appearance temporarily fixes it. 5.) high load in general from things like "Migration" pr........

  • Dell CS24-NV7 lspci dmidecode info


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  • Linux CLI command to rip audio CD and encode convert to MP3s


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  • Windows 2012 Server R2 Install Error "windows cannot find the microsoft license terms windows 2012 server install"


    windows cannot find the microsoft license terms windows 2012 server install This is actually because you are using less than 576MB of RAM. In my case I was installing on a KVM VPS with 512MB of RAM. This issue would apply to any physical or virtual server with less than 576MB of RAM. This includes Virtualized VPS Servers with XENHVM, KVM, VBOX, VMWare etc.. or Dedicated Servers with such little RAM. It's very misleading of course since it has not........

  • cPanel how to force reinstall rpms and fix packages and other problems caused by updates or duplicate rpms


    If a service is not working and resetting it to defaults is not working and you get bizarre error messages it is probably a broken update and possibly duplicate package. Take in this case "exim" not working even after resetting to defaults. Check for duplicates: rpm -aq|grep exim ........

  • Dell CS10-F1D Server Info lspci Linux specs


    0000:00:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation 5000P Chipset Memory Controller Hub (rev b1) 0000:00:02.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 5000 Series Chipset PCI Express x8 Port 2-3 (rev b1) 0000:00:03.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 5000 Series Chipset PCI Express x4 Port 3 (rev b1) 0000:00:04.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 5000 Series Chipset PCI Express x8 Port 4-5 (rev b1) 0000:00:05.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 5000 Series Chipset PCI Express x4........

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    Thsi is very handy when doing your own kernel development. -m specifies how much ram (in the example it is 768MB) -kernel specifies the path to the kernel file -net tap,ifname=tap1,script=no (the ifname=tap1 is what you need to change and setup manually). *Run "tunctl -b" to create a tap device and use the one it gives you for ifname= Enable networking to the outside like this: *Note we assume that your bridge is br0 i........

  • NS_ERROR_FAILURE (0x80004005) The virtual machine 'XP' has terminated unexpectedly during startup with exit code 1.


    The solution is to run '/etc/init.d/vboxdrv setup' and sometimes happens when upgrading VBox and the kernel modules don't get upgraded with it. Sometimes the above doesn't work until you reboot because sometimes other unknown processes (even the file manager possibly) may be locking the old module from being unloaded. Failed to open a session for the virtual machine XP. The virtual machine 'XP' has terminated unexpectedly during startup with exit code 1.........

  • /usr/libexec/mysqld: The table 'session' is full solution


    First of all if you're getting this error it is a result of extreme database activity. If you aren't expecting it or it doesn't make sense to you 99% of the time this is a database driven script being exploited (some common examples I see often are things like phpBB being hit by dozens, hundreds or thousands of bots making constant DB write requests). The easiest way to identify this is to restart MySQL and then run the third party tool "mtop" and you'll see all........

  • CPanel Link to all of the command line options


    CPanel says you can access 98% of the functions through CLI which experienced Unix/Linux admins prefer for simplicity and for scripting.  I've never found CPanel easy to use from the admin panel, it seems everything is hard to find and a simple task becomes a series of hunts. So for people like me here's the list: http://cpanel.net/system-administrators/command-line-scrip........

  • drbd won't sync 8.3.13 on OpenVZ kernel


    I used the matching 8.3.13 utilities and it didn't work but strangely the newer 8.3.16 which makes DRBD complain works just fine. GIT-hash: 83ca112086600faacab2f157bc5a9324f7bd7f77 build by root@sighted, 2012-10-09 12:47:51  0: cs:SyncSource ro:Secondary/Primary ds:UpToDate/Inconsistent A r-----     ns:0 nr:0 dw:0 dr:0 al:0 bm:0 lo:0 pe:0 ua:0 ap:0 ep:1 wo:b oos:5236960   &am........

  • OpenVZ avoid vzctl 4.7 and ploop


    OpenVZ has made vzctl version 4.7 default to using ploop which is a big annoyance.  No one wants it otherwise we'd use Xen or KVM. Make sure to manually specify vzctl 4.6.1 or you will have issues with old scripts breaking since it defaults to using ploop (a single image like Xen/KVM). Here's a list to old versions of vzctl.........

  • Howto Convert Xen Image to KVM


    #count=10000 makes an image of 10000MB make sure your image is at least the same as your existing dd if=/dev/zero of=yourimage.img bs=1M count=10000 # losetup -fv newimage.raw # fdisk -cu /dev/loop0 # kpartx -a /dev/loop0 # dd if= of=/dev/mapper/loop0p1 # e2fsck -f /dev/mapper/loop0p1 # resize2fs /dev/mapper/loop0p1 # a lot of guides tell you to edit /etc/fst........

  • What a hdd hard drive and mdadm RAID array failure looks like in Linux


    [3805108.257042] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] 1953525168 512-byte hardware sectors: (1.00 TB/931 GiB) [3805108.257052] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Write Protect is off [3805108.257054] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Mode Sense: 00 3a 00 00 [3805108.257066] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Write cache: enabled, read cache: enabled, doesn't support DPO or FUA [3805108.257083] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] 1953525168 512-byte hardware sectors: (1.00 TB/931 GiB) [3805108.257090] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Write Protect is off........

  • Howto Execute PHP from within an HTML or other file with an htaccess file on Apache


    Add this to a new ".htaccess" file inside the directory where the .html resides: AddType application/x-httpd-php .php .html........

  • Asterisk iptables block bruteforce attacks howto with fail2ban


    yum -y install fail2ban vi /etc/fail2ban/jail.conf [asterisk-tcp] enabled = true filter = asterisk action = iptables-multiport[name=asterisk-tcp, port="5060,5061", protocol=tcp] sendmail-whois[name=Asterisk, dest=you@example.com, sender=fail2ban@example.com] logpath = /var/log/asterisk/messages maxret........

  • pxelinux slow to enter boot screen/menu


    Trying to load: pxelinux.cfg/default boot: _ (why does the cursor flash so long before entering the PXE Boot menu?)........

  • Dell CS24-NV7 Howto Enable LAN/NICs and PXEBoot in the BIOS


    Dell CS24-NV7 Unusually the Virtualization was enabled when I got this server but all the NICs were diabled in the BIOS including PXE boot! Advanced -> Advanced Chipset Control PCI Slot 1 Option ROM: Enabled Onboard LAN1 Control: Enabled LAN1 Option ROM Scan: Enabled (you need it for PXE boot) Onboard LAN2 Control: Enabled LAN2 Option ROM Scan: Enabled *you will need to reboot and........

  • Linux find what processes are swapping


    Here is a handy script that will check all processes and report what is swapping #!/bin/bash for pid in `ps x|awk '{print $1}'`; do result=`cat /proc/$pid/status|grep VmSwap|awk '{print $2}'|grep -v ^"0"` if [ ! -z "$result" ]; then programresult=`ps x|grep $pid|grep -v grep` if [ $? == 0 ]; then program=`echo $programresult|awk '{print $5}'|grep -v ^grep`........

  • Show Directory/File Listing in httpd/Apache Howto with htaccess


    Add this to htaccess: Options +Indexes After that people will be able to browse files and directories of your site.........

  • PHP Security - Enable Safe Mode to increase security


    Everyone should be running with safe_mode on in /etc/php.ini (on Centos) as it makes exploiting your system more difficult is PHPcan't execute anything on the system if a script is exploited. For example with Safe_Mode on the only executable files on the system are ones in the safe_mode_exec_dir = /safephp This is crucial, if you must execute anything from PHPthen you have to copy the binary and assign to the user that Apache runs your site under.&........

  • CPanel suhosin install failed


    /scripts/phpextensionmgr install PHPSuHosin Updating md5sum list Fetching http://httpupdate.cpanel.net/cpanelsync/easy/targz.yaml (connected:0).......(request attempt 1/12)...Resolving httpupdate.cpanel.net...(resolve attempt 1/65)... Fetching http://httpupdate.cpanel.net/mirror_addr_list (connected:0).......(request attempt 1/3)......connecting to 74.50.120.123...@74.50.120.123......connected......receiving...100%......request success......Done........

  • Linux howto resize image with Imagemagick


    convert check.png -resize 25%x25%! check-resize.png You can use a percentage or pixel sizes.........

  • Unixbench Testing


    The first is a dual CPU AMD Opteron 2373EE (4 cores x 2) and I think it did bad because it has some old 250GB SATAs which can only do about 65MB/s max sequential reads. I think it should have blown away the second (AMD X4 640 Quad Core). [root@fs12home unixbench-4.1.0-wht-2]# ./Run make all make[1]: Entering directory `/root/unixbench-4.1.0-wht-2' Checking distribution of files ./pgms exists ./src exists........

  • Dell FS12-NV7 2U Server Information and Guide


    I've got one of these for testing projects from work at home and got more than I bargained for with the time I've spent on it due to the storage handing/Perc 6/i cards. My particular model came with the following: 2U Rack Mount Server with Rails 2xOpteron 2373 EE (Quad Core, there is a 6-core version that can be found at times) 16GB RAM 2 x 250GB Seagate SATA 2 x Dell Perc 6/i (horrible and a nightmare to work........

  • Dell Perci 6/i Firmware Upgrade Guide Tutorial


    One thing to remember is that you need MegaCli to do the flashing. You also need the correct file,I tried at least 2 different Perc 6 firmwares from Dell that kept getting rejected as corrupt by MegaCli(they were really the wrong version). I have an external PCI-E Dell 6 Perc/I butI chose images from the 'Integrated" on motherboard version as it was allI could find. They are different, and below is my first time finding success.........

  • Dell Perc 6/i cannot downgrade


    I flashed an LSI Logic firmware to it and it broke the BIOS (cannot do Ctrl+R) for booting purposes but allows other functionality to work normally. I tried downgrading to a Dell firmware for Perc 6i but it won't work, not even with MegaCli wget http://downloads.dell.com/FOLDER00416606M/1/SAS-RAID_Firmware_W83M2_LN32_6.3.1-0003_A14.BIN --2013-08-26 12:53:39-- http://downloads.dell.com/FOLDER00416606M/1/SAS-RAID_Firmware_W83M2_LN32_6.3.1-0003_A14.BIN Resolvi........

  • LSI MegaRAID Adventures, Guide and HowTo


    LSi Megaraid At first it was configured as a RAID 0, then I deleted the Virtual Disk Group. I thought both drives would be shown and detected in Linux as sda and sdb but it actually shows nothing. To make them work you have to hit Ctrl+R before the system boots (when prompted) and create a Virtual Disk Group. In my case I created each one as RAID 0 (with a single drive only) as I just wanted JBOD but there is no such option or default in these Dell Pe........

  • pxe-32 tftp open timeout


    pxe-32 tftp open timeout The solution was to enable tftp in xinetd with "chkconfig tftp on". See the troubleshooting below: chkconfig --list NetworkManager 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off acpid 0:off&n........

  • charat in PHP convert non-English characters into code


    This is basically URL decoding to the decimal code but nothing in PHPworks how you'd expect it. Here are online tools to verify and check your work, it's important when querying databases with non-English characters: http://yehg.net/encoding/index.php# http://meyerweb.com/eric/tools/dencoder/ http://www.codetable.net/decimal/65398 Japanese: http://symbolcodes.tlt.psu.edu/bylanguage/japanesechartkatakana.html Charat code for PHP:........

  • Execute Local Bash Scripts remotely by SSH


    for ip in `cat fixlist.txt`; do sudo -u apache ssh root@$ip "`cat iptablesrules.sh`" done In the above example we are going to execute the commands within the local file "iptablesrules.sh" on all the machines in "fixlist.txt". This is a great way of performing server maintenance in a clustered or cloud environment.........

  • package kernel-xen-2.6.18-274.7.1.el5.x86_64 is intended for a x86_64 architecture solution


    package kernel-xen-2.6.18-274.7.1.el5.x86_64 is intended for a x86_64 architecture Linux etc 2.6.18-274.7.1.el5xen #1 SMP Thu Oct 20 17:06:34 EDT 2011 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux As you can see above architecture and kernel is 64-bit but I had to force it to install using "--ignorearch" Solution #rpm --ignorearch -ivh kernel-xen-2.6.18-274.7.1.el5.x86_64.rpm Preparing...&nb........

  • WD 20EARX Dead Again


    Another new drive bad from the start: Jun 2 15:14:18 one-desktop kernel: [15895.386779] ata2.00: exception Emask 0x50 SAct 0x1 SErr 0x280900 action 0x6 frozen Jun 2 15:14:18 one-desktop kernel: [15895.386782] ata2.00: irq_stat 0x08000000, interface fatal error Jun 2 15:14:18 one-desktop kernel: [15895.386784] ata2: SError: { UnrecovData HostInt 10B8B BadCRC } Jun 2 15:14:18 one-desktop kernel: [15895.386788] ata2.00: cmd 60/0........

  • Powersupply Issue, Motherboard AHCI issue?


    This is the most I can get when plugging in a hard drive hot and only on some power connectors. [71656.314271] ata5: exception Emask 0x50 SAct 0x0 SErr 0x90a02 action 0xe frozen [71656.314277] ata5: irq_stat 0x00400000, PHY RDY changed [71656.314285] ata5: SError: { RecovComm Persist HostInt PHYRdyChg 10B8B } [71656.314294] ata5: hard resetting link [71660.360686] ata5: softreset failed (device not ready) [71660.360694] ata5: applying........

  • mysqldump: Couldn't execute 'show create table `general_log`': SHOW command denied to user 'user'@'localhost' for table 'general_log' (1142) - Solution


    mysqldump: Couldn't execute 'show create table `general_log`': SHOW command denied to user 'user'@'localhost' for table 'general_log' (1142) One of my clients almost found out the hard way, here is an unlikely situation that happened. 1.) Years ago the client had another VPS to which they backed up a BLOG nightly to an .sql file, what they forgot is that the file also contained all databases (they used the --all-databases option but forgot). So imagi........

  • mysql how to execute script from the bash prompt .sql


    mysql -u username --password='yourpassword' ........

  • Country List Names in HTML Select From


    This is useful for developing a lot of applications, I'm putting it here to keep it handy for myself and hopefully others: Choose CountryCanadaJapanUnited StatesUnited KingdomAfghanistan........

  • Directadmin Log File Locations


    This is a handy link and list of all the relevant Directadmin log files and related servers. http://help.directadmin.com/item.php?id=11 DirectAdmin: /var/log/directadmin/error.log /var/log/directadmin/errortaskq.log /var/log/directadmin/system.log /var/log/directadmin/security.log Apache:........

  • Bad Hard Drive Slows Down Computer


    Here's a proven example of what a bad hard drive can do, it was technically functioning OKin a RAID array but the system became extremely low and the load become high and IOWAIT was even higher and I always thought it was a bad application. The truth is that this failing 1TBHitachi has slowly gotten worse and caused huge slowdowns, (eg. 100% load on Thunderbird waiting for e-mails to load etc..). After swapping it out, tabs change instantly, emails are not lagged, and........

  • How to log all PHP based E-mails for abuse


    Step #1 - Create Wrapper Script vi /usr/local/bin/phpsendmail #!/usr/bin/php ........

  • kvm cannot boot xen guest using lvm


    This booting error is because the Xen PV guest image uses the Xen kernel, this is not compatible with anything but a host running a Xen kernel. I did a kpartx -av virtual.img and then it created some partitions that showed up in fdisk. I mounted it and did a chroot into it and removed the xen kernel and installed a normal kernel but Xen still shows the same kernel in Grub (only the Xen one). This is strange but it seems like this Xen PV guest has some sort of hidden or........

  • Thunderbird Caused Nearly 100% CPU usage with Xorg


    I closed program by program untilI found the culprit, it's baffling how the cause was Thunderbird but then again it does use a lot of memory and I have thousands of messages between dozens of mailboxes. But still I don't think this should happen and Xorg shouldn't allow this either. So for those who have mysteriously high CPUusage from Xorg start closing program by program until you find the culprit. The interesting thing is that after reloading it, the Xor........

  • How to convert raw,img,vdi,vmdk and other virtual image formats using qemu-img convert between VBOX/KVM/VMWare/Xen


    The example below converts youvm.img into a vdi. The -O vdi specifies the new format will be vdi but you can use any other valid formats/vice versa. qemu-img convert yourvm.img -O vdi yourvm.vdi This is very handy for those who need to switch between virtualization technologies.........

  • Setup PXE Boot using Centos and dhcpd, tftp and syslinux


    This is something I often setup for clients because it's very helpful for people in datacenters, this allows custom OS installs on demand, you can customize it more by using kickstart etc.. but here's a base I use before customizing more: This little script below will install everything you need to get booting by PXE Linux. It also assumes you set a local IP (be sure not to overwrite your existing IP) on eth0:0 (note the :0) as 192.168.1.10 and it........

  • Thunderbird How-To Copy/Backup/Restore Accounts and Settings to Another Computer


    The best way is to use rsync, I've set it up so it doesn't copy unnecessary files, or at least ones I'm sure aren't needed. Here is the rsync command Iused (adapt to your specific Thunderbird profile location): rsync -hazv user@remotehost.com:/home/user/.thunderbird/sbrer.default/* /home/user/.thunderbird/4nyb0.default/ --exclude=global* --exclude=Cache --exclude=ImapMail --exclude=Mail This is a great way to get your e-mail accounts going on a new c........

  • xen how to resize an image properly


    The best way I could figure out is to use another guest of some sort to do this, while assigning the disk that needs to be resized to the same guest. So say we have /dev/xvda as the guests drive and we've booted it up. We also have /dev/xvdb (this is going to be the image/disk to be resized). In this case it's based on an ext3/4 image. Run e2fsck on it to ensure there are no filesystem errors. e2fsck /dev/xvdb........

  • Slow KVM Virtual Machine Performance Solved - Choose the right architecture with the CPU flag


    I am running a 64-bit host and was running a 32-bit XPguest which was crawling no matter what I was doing with it,in fact it frequently used 100% CPU power while having no real work load. I experienced with this other guests and wondered why KVM was slow compared to say Xen or Virtualbox. This is because you need to use the "-cpu" flag. For a full list of options run: /usr/libexec/qemu-kvm -cpu ? x86 ........

  • Asus VE247H 23.7" Inch LCD/LED Backlit Monitor Dead/Stuck Pixel Policy Complaint


    I've thought for awhile that Asus has been banking on its years old reputation for quality amongst gamers and enthusiasts and I think I'm right. My Asus VE247H Monitor with a supposed 2MS refresh rate has 1 red/stuck/dead pixel but fortunately it can only be seen on a non-true black picture or against a blue screen. I have several Asus products and find they're all of fairly poor quality. First of all their motherboards have given me the most issues of any brand, they te........

  • Firefox Error ./firefox-bin: error while loading shared libraries: libxul.so: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory


    When double clicking nothing happens/it doesn't open and when executing as ./firefox-bin you get this error: ./firefox-bin: error while loading shared libraries: libxul.so: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory All the .so files reside within the directory of Firefox that you extract from the binary .tar.gz from Mozilla, it's just that your computer doesn't know/recognize where to look for them. Solution:........

  • KVM QEMU and Xen how to mount disk images off-line and access data


    fdisk -lu VPS.img last_lba(): I don't know how to handle files with mode 81ed You must set cylinders. You can do this from the extra functions menu. Disk VPS.img: 0 MB, 0 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 0 cylinders, total 0 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Device Boot Start End ........

  • Xen non-HVM container won't work/boot anymore


    One of my test Centos 5 containers was on a partition that filled up and it threw all sorts of errors and stopped responding but now I can't boot it again anymore. All the console shows is the Linux Penguin on the top left corner and the xm console says "usbcore: registered new driver hub" and has halted there. Centos 5 Xen container stuck/frozen won't boot on "usbcore: registered new driver hub" Another great way of troubleshooting is booting fro........

  • how to exit xen console session from xm


    It sure is annoying when you connect to the console using xm and it locks your shell session. It doesn't really, you just need to know it is "Ctrl + ]" to exit it. Once again to exit an xm console session, press Ctrl + ]........

  • Skype Linux/Ubuntu Sound Echo/Distortion Poor Quality Problem Fix Solution


    This was very annoying but has a simple fix, I had an echo and the voice quality was absolutely horrible (it sounded like tin cans under water) if that helps describe it. It was extremely distorted. The simple Skype sound quality solution Go to "Options" -> "Sound Devices" Disable the "Allow Skype to automatically set my mixer levels" After doing this the sound qua........

  • Ubuntu 10.04 Flash Videos have tearing/lines Solution


    This is what I call a ridiculous bug in compiz that causes it. The solution/To fix it just install "compizconfig-settings-manager" Open it up and Navigate to General Options -> Display Settings Set the "Refresh Rate" to the current refresh rate of your monitor. For ATI cards with slow window dragging/response supposedly disabling "Sync to VBlank" fixes that but otherwise leave it as is.........

  • Ubuntu 10 Nvidia Drivers Not Updated After Kernel Update Solution/How-To Manually Rebuild nvidia kernel modules for Ubuntu


    I dread updating the kernel and rebooting to find the Ubuntu graphics aren't working and you have to manually intervene. This is usually because Ubuntu for whatever reason didn't update the drivers you need (eg. the manually compiled Nvidia Kernel driver that MUST be recompiled for each and every kernel update unfortunately). The most common reason may be that "linux-source" hasn't been installed automatically on my system. I tried to manually reinstall the........

  • Linux Kernel Panic Messages - Symptoms of bad RAM module/stick


    These were caused by a bad stick of Corsair RAM [] free_hot_cold_page+0xfc/0x150 [] __pagevec_free+0x14/0x1a [] release_pages+0x127/0x12f [] __pagevec_release+0x15/0x1d [] __invalid_mapping_pages+0x120/0x156 [........

  • Openvz migration error solution Error: Failed to suspend container CPT ERR: f68cf000,25000 :foreign process 15755/14731(vzctl) inside CT (e.g. vzctl enter or vzctl exec). CPT ERR: f68cf000,25000 :suspend is impossible now.


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    I wanted to disable the "Administrator" account for security purposes and Iread some "guide" on the internet that recommended that we run "C:WindowsSystem32sysprepsysprep.exe /generalize". I also clicked the option for "Generalize" and the computer rebooted and gave some OOBE error and restarted, and now I get the error above no matter what. I read that some drivers such as ones from AVIRA AV can cause this because they're unsign........

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    I've had an old Blackberry for a few years and I was ready to spend some serious cash on a nice Nokia. I love the idea of the Linux based Symbian S60 OS, so I was looking at phones like the E63, E71 (both are basically the same, at least CPU/screensize although E71 is thinner, has a 3MP camera, has GPS, and has dedicated buttons to adjust the volume). Then Iheard about the N97 and what a revolution it was supposed to be and it was even compared to iPhone. To........

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