• Cisco CME and C7200 Router Testing and Learning Environment on Ubuntu 20+ Setup Tutorial Guide


    Since newer versions of Ubuntu like 20, you will find there is no longer dynagen and that the dynamips provided is faulty and will segfault each time: Cisco Router Simulation Platform (version 0.2.14-amd64/Linux stable) Copyright (c) 2005-2011 Christophe Fillot. Build date: Apr 3 2018 12:20:29 Local UUID: 3c1c0b7f-2fab-4fda-b40b-74841d1bcfe0 Instance ID set to 1. netio_tap_create: unable to open TAP device tap1 (No such fi........

  • How to Install Any OS on a Physical Drive from Windows Using VMware Workstation (Linux, Windows, BSD)


    Uses: Install OS on physical drive Linux installation VMware Install Windows on physical drive Boot OS from physical drive VMware Workstation tutorial Linux virtual machine to physical disk Windows to Linux migration Dual boot OS installation Boot from external SSD Linux, Windows, BSD installation guide Physical drive boot OS........

  • How to resize a pdf without losing much quality in Linux Mint Ubuntu Debian Redhat Solution


    Use gs or ghostscript as below, specify the output file and also the input file. In the example below the output file is "outputfile-resized.pdf" and the input file is "original-pdf.pdf". Change the input file to the name of your pdf gs -sDEVICE=pdfwrite -dCompatibilityLevel=1.4 -dPDFSETTINGS=/prepress -dNOPAUSE -dQUIET -dBATCH -sOutputFile=outputfile-resized.pdf original-pdf.pdf For........

  • hostapd example configuration for high speed AC on 5GHz using WPA2


    This example is using RTL8821AU chipset from a TP-Link T2U Plus USB adapter and other similar ones should work the same. Here's how to get this chipset RTL8821AU working in Linux. Here's how to get RTL8812 and RTL8822 working in Linux.........

  • hostapd how to enable and use WPS to connect wireless devices like printers


    Edit your /etc/hostapd/hostapd.conf file like below and restart hostapd. #WPS stuff # Enable control interface for PBC/PIN entry wpa_psk_file=/etc/hostapd/hostapd.psk ctrl_interface=/var/run/hostapd eap_server=1 wps_state=2 ap_setup_locked=1 wps_pin_requests=/var/run/hostapd.pin-req config_methods=label display push_button keypad #WPS model info stuff change to suit your needs d........

  • Debian Ubuntu 10/11/12 Linux how to get tftpd-hpa server setup tutorial


    apt install tftpd-hpa #change TFTP_ADDRESS to by setting address to 192.168.1.1:69 or the IP you need, otherwise it will listen on all IPs and interfaces which could be a security risk. # edit /etc/default/tftpd-hpa TFTP_USERNAME="tftp" TFTP_DIRECTORY="/srv/tftp" TFTP_ADDRESS="192.168.1.1:69" TFTP_OPTIONS="--secure"........

  • efibootmgr: option requires an argument -- 'd' efibootmgr version 15 grub-install.real: error: efibootmgr failed to register the boot entry: Operation not permitted.


    This sometimes happens when trying to install the EFIversion of grub to a device when you are booted into Legacy/MBR mode. It doesn't seem to occur on all machines, but some and seems somewhat BIOS dependent. grub-install --target=x86_64-efi /dev/sda Installing for x86_64-efi platform. grub-install.real: warning: Couldn't find physical volume `(null)'. Some modules may be missing from core image.. grub-install.real: warning: Couldn't find physica........

  • nvidia cannot resume from sleep Comm: nvidia-sleep.sh Tainted: Linux Ubuntu Mint Debian


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  • When is it time to leave your VPS/VDS Cloud Hosting Provider?


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  • Install Grafana on Linux Debian Ubuntu Tutorial Guide


    First we need a few extra packages: apt update apt install -y adduser libfontconfig1 musl sudo wget https://dl.grafana.com/enterprise/release/grafana-enterprise_10.3.1_amd64.deb Install / Enable Grafana dpkg -i grafana-enterprise_10.3.1_amd64.deb dpkg -i grafana-enterprise_10.3.1_amd64.deb (Reading database ... 44309 files and directories currently installed.) Preparin........

  • Linux how to get list of all timezones on system Ubuntu


    find /usr/share/zoneinfo/|sed s#"/usr/share/zoneinfo/"##g|grep "/"|grep -v posix|grep -v ^"Etc/"|grep -v ^right|grep -v ^"SystemV" Africa/Addis_Ababa Africa/Abidjan Africa/Blantyre Africa/Lusaka Africa/Casablanca Africa/Libreville Africa/Asmara Africa/Bujumbura Africa/Dakar Africa/Lagos Africa/Malabo Africa/Harare Africa/Kigali........

  • How To Upgrade Debian 8,9,10 to Debian 12 Bookworm


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  • Docker Minimum Requirements/How Efficient is Docker? How Much Memory Does Dockerd Use?


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  • apache2 httpd apache server will not start [pid 22449:tid 139972160445760] AH00052: child pid 23248 exit signal Aborted (6) solution Mint Debian Ubuntu Redhat


    If you get this error, it is often because you have configured Apache with modules that weren't actually installed. Eg. you try to load the PHPmodule but didn't actually install the apache2 php module, so the server can't start. In general, this error can often be caused by issues with problematic modules and/or Apache being configured for modules that have not actually be installed (eg. libapache2-mod-php) is missing. The above results in this less than obv........

  • How to use the FTDI USB serial cable to RJ45 adapter to connect to the console on Cisco/Juniper Switch Router Firewall in Linux Ubuntu Debian Redhat


    This should work for most console ports of other manufacturers too. It is a quick and simple method for emegencies or deploying a few appliances/devices in a non-standard environment or small environment. However, if this is a route thing, or the equipment is not physically close to you, it would be best to use some sort of "Terminal" server which is an IP connected switch with several serial ports built-in for this purpose. Normally they accessible by web/........

  • How To Setup Python3 in Ubuntu Docker Image for AI Deep Learning


    The issue is that Docker images are stripped down, so many tools and even python3 is missing, so you'll have to build or update the actual image yourself. I assume you have started an image with something like this and that you have the Nvidia Toolkit installed (assuming you are using GPUs). If you're not using nvidia just remove --runtime=nvidia --gpus all. docker run -it --runtime=nvidia --gpus all ubuntu bash These works for most images li........

  • How to Configure NVIDIA GPUs with Docker on Ubuntu: A Comprehensive Guide for AI Deep Learning CUDA Solution


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  • Linux How To Upgrade To The Latest Kernel Debian Mint Ubuntu


    How to check what kernel version you have/currently running? uname -rm 5.4.0-91-generic x86_64 The above shows us that we are running 5.4.0-91-generic on the x86_64 architecture. The safest way is to stick with the same flavor eg if you're on generic, and say on kernel 5.4.0 then it makes sense to follow what is below. However, if you are migrating or dual booting between newer hardware (eg. you got a........

  • How to upgrade to the latest Python version on Linux Ubuntu Debian Mint 3.11


    A lot of developers want to go to 3.11 because of the speed improvements, but most distros never have the latest Python version. Using the deadsnakes third party repo is the easiest way aside from compiling it yourself (which is safer and recommended): Step 1 - Add the repo apt-add-repository ppa:deadsnakes/ppa If you get an error about requests then install it:........

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    haproxy is one of the best known and widely used Open Source load balancers out there and a strong competitor to nginx. haproxy is used by many large sites per Wikipedia: HAProxy is used by a number of high-profile websites including GoDaddy, GitHub,........

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  • Linux grub not using UUID for the root device instead it uses /dev/sda1 or other device name solution


    You can read lots of posts about this issue but there is not much information about why this is the case or how grub determines the root= device name. Some even suggest modifying grub.cfg manually which is a disaster as the next kernel update will cause grub to revert back to the device name. For most people this won't be an issue but those using template system, automated deployments and working in embedded may run into this issue with custom embedded and created minimal kernel........

  • iptables NAT how to enable PPTP in newer Debian/Ubuntu/Mint Kernels Linux


    Remember that control connections are established on port 1723 and then actual data is transferred over GRE protocol 47. If you have a NAT setup this will work without special forwarding or accepting of GRE packets (normally if you are not blocking outgoing connections and accepting established and related connections). The below two commands will get things going so PPTP and GRE work We first load the ip_nat_pptp module which allows PPTP to work with........

  • docker / kubernetes breaks Proxmox QEMU KVM Bridge VMs


    Docker adds iptables rules that break a lot of things including MASQUERADE or anything that needs the FORWARD table. If NAT is not working after Docker installation, it is probably because it set the iptables FORWARD policy to DROP. This may also make you think that your br0 or bridge is not working, but it's likely just due to what we'll mention later on below, that, Docker probably set your FORWARD chain to default DROP all packets, so nothing on your bridge ever makes it out........

  • from pip._internal.cli.main import main File "/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/pip/_internal/cli/main.py", line 60 sys.stderr.write(f"ERROR: {exc}") from pip._internal.cli.main import main File "/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packag


    Solution for python pip3 not working anymore from pip._internal.cli.main import main File "/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/pip/_internal/cli/main.py", line 60 sys.stderr.write(f"ERROR: {exc}") wget https://bootstrap.pypa.io/pip/3.5/get-pip.py python3 get-pip.py DEPRECATION: Python 3.5 reached the end of its life on September 13th, 20........

  • ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'pip._internal' solution python


    pip3 install requests Traceback (most recent call last): File "/home/user/.local/bin/pip3", line 7, in from pip._internal.cli.main import main ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'pip._internal' As a quick and temp fix call the OS installed python and not the user .local/bin installed pip3 /usr/bin/pip3 install requests Collecting requests Cache e........

  • Cisco Switch / Router How To Restore Factory Default Settings


    1.) Make sure your conf register is 0x2102 Do show version and at the very end of the output you will see the Configuration register. show version Configuration register is 0x2102 If the config register is not 0x2102 then enter this command: r1#configure terminal r1(config)#config-register 0x2102 r1(config)#end 2.) Let's Erase the NVRAM/flash........

  • Cisco 2900 3900 Router Password Reset How To Reset Enable Password


    It is a bit different and annoying here for these types of routers/models as you need to physically remove the CF (Compact Flash) and only then, will it enter ROMMON mode (Ctrl + Pause remotely over the console will not do it for us). This means you cannot do this remotely, or at least not without the help of a remote/physical helper. Step 1.) Power off, router and remove CF Disk Slot#2 Go to the router and remove the slot#2 cover uses your hand or it may help to use a........

  • CentOS 7 / 8 cannot boot with with mdadm RAID array solution


    This article about migrating to a CentOS 7 /8 RAID mdadm array has a lot of info but I wanted to focus specifically on what newer versions of CentOS 7 require to boot mdadm and what changes are necessary on CentOS 7.8+ CentOS 7 / 8 mdadm RAID booting requirements This assumes you are chrooting into an existing install or using it to get a new deployment ready. However, these steps can........

  • Linux Mint Ubuntu Ubiquity Installer Bug EFI Installed To Wrong Partition Solution


    Just an FYI that the installer ignores your selection of Boot Loader, as it was intended for MBR/Legacy. The installer horribly, even when choosing "Something Else" and manually partitioning and creating an EFIin your install drive, will still install grub to the first EFI partition it finds, even if you are following a guide like this to avoid wiping out the M........

  • /var/log/journal huge/too large solution in Debian Mint Ubuntu Linux Howot Fix


    Is your /var/log/journal overweight and bloated? For example a decent install of Debian 11 with most applications and services ends up being about 4.9G with the journal taking a few gigs. du -hs /var/log/journal/ 1.3G /var/log/journal/ By default in a lot of distributions there is no maximum size so it will keep growing. This is especially problematic for embedded distributions and devices, but is also a huge waste of sp........

  • How To Tell Which Repository a Package Comes From Debian Mint Ubuntu


    Just use apt-cache policy to find the repo of a package: apt-cache policy lxd lxd: Installed: 3.0.3-0ubuntu1~18.04.2 Candidate: 3.0.3-0ubuntu1~18.04.2 Version table: *** 3.0.3-0ubuntu1~18.04.2 500 500 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/main amd64 Packages &nb........

  • How To Do Linux Network Bonding Teaming in Mint Debian Ubuntu


    Bonding is an excellent way to get both increased redundancy and throughput. It is similar to the "Network Teaming" feature in Windows. There are a few different modes but we will use mode 6, I think it's the best of both worlds, as it is not just a failover, but it provides round robin, so you will get redundancy and load balancing. So if you have a 1G single port, you will have a combined throughput of 4G at this point. Just bear in mind that the true thr........

  • LXC Containers LXD How to Install and Configure Tutorial Ubuntu Debian Mint


    If you are using mint, delete the preference that stops snap from installing (as it is required for lxc) sudo rm /etc/apt/preferences.d/nosnap.pref 1. Install lxd: sudo apt install lxd Issues install lxd or errors? Click here Debian at this time does not have lxd so you'll need to use snap: sudo apt in........

  • GlusterFS HowTo Tutorial For Distributed Storage in Docker, Kubernetes, LXC, KVM, Proxmox


    This can be used on almost anything, since Gluster is a userspace tool, based on FUSE. This means that all Gluster appears as to any application is just a directory. Applications don't need specific support for Gluster, so long as you can tell the application to use a certain directory for storage. One application can be for redundant and scaled storage, including for within Docker and Kubernetes, LXC, Proxmox, OpenStack, etc or just your image/web/video files or even da........

  • Docker Tutorial HowTo Install Docker, Use and Create Docker Container Images Clustering Swarm Mode Monitoring Service Hosting Provider


    The Best Docker Tutorial for Beginners We quickly explain the basic Docker concepts and show you how to do the most common tasks from starting your first container, to making custom images, a Docker Swarm Cluster Tutorial, docker compose and Docker buildfiles.........

  • How To Create OpenVPN Server for Secure Remote Corporate Access in Linux Debian/Mint/Ubuntu with client public key authentication


    Why choose OpenVPN instead of a firewall appliance? OpenVPN can be a reliable and easy replacement for traditional hardware or just be an additional tool that your company uses so that the firewall can focus on its job rather than acting as a VPNappliance at the same time. When comparing OpenVPN with traditional firewal........

  • HongKong VPS Server, Cloud, Dedicated Server, Co-Location, Datacenter The Best Guide on Hong Kong, China Internet IT/Computing


    In our 2024 VPS Server/Cloud Buyer's Guide, we place the location of your VPS/hosting/server as one of the priorities that is often overlooked. 2024 Update - Datacent........

  • Ansible Tutorial - Playbook How To Install From Scratch and Deploy LAMP + Wordpress on Remote Server


    1. Let's work from an environment where we can install Ansible on. If you are using an older version of Linux based on Mint 18 or Ubuntu 16, you may want to get the PPA and get the latest version of Ansible that way: sudo apt install gpg sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ansible/ansible sudo apt update........

  • Linux Mint 20 cannot install snapd missing solution


    The Linux Mint team has disabled it by setting an apt preference, you can edit or just remove the file: sudo apt install snapd Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done Package snapd is not available, but is referred to by another package. This may mean that the package is missing, has been obsoleted, or is only available from another source........

  • Ubuntu/Debian Linux/Unix Howto Setup Install Syslinux Bootable USB with EFI and MBR from Command Line/CLI Terminal


    There aren't too many simple guides that show you how to use commands to setup your USB or other drive as a normal bootable drive where you can easily boot custom kernels or whatever OS you would like. 1. Get the tools we need: We install "syslinux" for MBR and "syslinux-efi" for EFI and "MBR" as we need a tool that embeds the actual MBR into our USB: sudo apt install syslinux syslinux-efi mbr........

  • Cisco Switch Howto Reset Password


    This was done on a 2900 but applies to all the switches of the same era. Step 1 - Power Cycle and enter recovery mode If you have physical access you can power cycle and hold the mode button down for 15 seconds. After that the SYS light will flash on the switch and you will see the following screenshot. If you don't have physical access (eg. it is a datacenter swich over console only) then power cycle and hit "Ctrl+Pause/B........

  • SSH cannot connect to old servers/devices/switches/routers/Cisco/Juniper Unable to negotiate with 192.168.20.2 port 22: no matching key exchange method found. Their offer: diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha1,diffie-hellman-group14-sha1,diffie-hell


    A lot of older devices either support telnet or very old SSH keyx algorithms which are insecure and disabled by all newer/modern SSH clients for security reasons. However, sometimes you may be on a LAN via VPNor some other secured network or for whatever reason, absolutely, need to connect to this device and sometimes old/embedded devices may not be possible to update to a newer SSH server. If you run into this you may be using a modern/newer SSH client and get thi........

  • Cisco Router Password Reset Howto Guide Solution Cannot Login /Unknown Enable Password 2600, 2800, 2900, 3900


    It is common that you may get access to undocumented equipment and need to reset the password. This applies to many Cisco routers whether 2600, 2900, 3900 etc... Cisco's Guide says to hit Ctrl +Pause/Break but if it doesn't work on some devices causing people to say "cisco password reset pause break does not work", you can see Cisco's alternative key combinations here:........

  • Unable to mount location Failed to retrieve share list from server: Connection timed out - Samba/Linux Filesharing Not working Ubuntu Mint Linux Solution


    So you're trying to browse to a properly configured Samba share but you get this error: Unable to mount location Failed to retrieve share list from server: Connection timed out If your config is right, it can be due to a protocol miss-match where your client has not enabled SMB3 but by default the other side (server) has enabled it. You can test this out to see with the smbclient tool........

  • How To Resize, Reduce a Video to a Specific Size and Quality Ubuntu Linux using ffmpeg


    This is a common issue when e-mailing or uploading video files. One note is that you should make the filesize you choose below about 20% smaller than you need. For example I took a 219MB video and told it to be 20M. The resulting file was still about 21.9M but it was OK when I said 18M and was barely below the 20M size. ffmpeg is our friend here, just use this command: Change the -fs 100Mto the size you want eg. 20M, 500M Chan........

  • Linux can't boot/grub boot loader screen with no options solution


    Usually if you get the grub boot loader and it doesn't show any boot options, it's because grub was not installed correctly and/or the partition that it is supposed to be on has changed or does not exist. It can also happen if you install Linux to one drive, but the boot loader to another by accident, whether EFI or MBR/Legacy mode. You can normally fix your booting/bootloader/MBR/EFI it by chrooting into your root partition: #become root sudo su........

  • Juniper JunOS Command Overview and Howtos Switch, Router, Firewall Tutorial Guide


    Enable "cli" mode equivalent in JunOS cli Configure Mode configure So rather than going to the console on a Cisco switch and typing "enable" and then "conf t", the equivalent in JunOS is "cli" and "configure". How Do You Apply Changes You've Made? You can make all kinds of changes to the switch, but remember they are not........

  • Linux Grub not booting the intended kernel solution in Debian, Mint, Ubuntu how to specify which kernel to boot by default


    Traditionally kernels were numbered starting from 0 but by default the "new style" of grub boot loading considers each subkernel item to be different so if you have 3 entries for 4.40-148 rather than counting for 1. To get the expected behavior let's show this example and how we can boot it We do a grep on menuentry in /boot/grub/grub.cfg to see all of the bootable kernels rather than scrolling through loads of extra entries we don't care about (thou........

  • Linux how to compile binary with static sharedobjects embedded instead of dynamic to use on multi-distributions and avoid glibc compatiblity issues


    One simple flag to configure will create a makefile that statically links all the shared objects and embeds them instead the binary execute. This means as long as you have the same architecture that things should run. Eg. if you have an old version of Debian with a different version of glibc, then this will solve that problem. ./configure LDFLAGS="-static" To test that it is really statically linked run ldd: ldd src/wget........

  • Mikrotik RouterOS CHR/ISO Basic and Quick Setup Howto Guide


    Many people may not be aware that you can turn commodity hardware into a Mikrotik OS and there are various options which is "CHR" (Cloud Hosted Router) which is a VMimage meant for Virtualization only (seriously, I've tried to dd the image to a physical server and it just crashed as it does not contain any drivers for physical). One note as well if you are trying to do a baremetal install you may get an error "Error Loading Operating System" or........

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    It is different than other Wordpress templates. You have to edit the following file: wp-content/themes/hueman/parts/single-heading.php Add the following PHPcode to the bottom: ........

  • How To Boot, Install and Run Windows 2000 on QEMU-KVM


    Interestingly enough Windows 2000 works fine on QEMU 64-bit but you have to specify Pentium as your CPU otherwise it doesn't complete the install (it will not pass the detecting/setting up devices phase). -vga cirrus is wise because it is supported by Windows 2000 and allows higher resolutions and 24-bit color. -cpu Pentium emulates an old computer and is necessary for install to complete -device rtl8139 is important as this oldschool Realtek 8139 NIC is supported by W........

  • Linux Mint Ubuntu Debian CentOS Dual Boot Install Issues


    The best way to avoid this problem is to understand how your BIOS is setup to boot. Often newer machines will default to U(EFI) which is different than the traditional MBR/Legacy mode. The problem is that this may not be apparent, often a BIOS Boot Menu will show a Legacy Boot Option and EFIOption without defining it. A good example of this is if your USB is called "Kingston" you may see in your Boot Menu "Kingston" and also "Ubuntu"........

  • Linux Mint Dual Boot Install Avoid Wiping our your Main C: drive /dev/sda MBR and EFI


    Before you try to install and dual boot it is very important to understand the concept of "what boot mode your BIOS is in" and "what mode you booted the installer to". Then follow the example of Linux Mint (but most Linux installers are very similar)to carefully understand WHERE you are installing your Boot Loader to whether that be MBR or EFI. How Am IBooted? First it's important to check your BIOS to see........

  • apcupsd how to setup and monitor APC UPS units


    It really seems limited in that it can mainly give you the things you would see on the physical unit such as load etc.. wget https://downloads.sourceforge.net/project/apcupsd/apcupsd%20-%20Stable/3.14.14/apcupsd-3.14.14.tar.gz?r=https%3A%2F%2Fsourceforge.net%2Fprojects%2Fapcupsd%2Ffiles%2Flatest%2Fdownload&ts=1598115866 tar -zxvf apcupsd-3.14.14.tar.gz cd apcupsd-3.14.14 [root@somebox apcupsd-3.14.14]# ./conf........

  • Linux NIC connecting at 100M instead of 1000M gigabit speeds? It could be overheating


    I was using a small box as a router and one of the ports started going off and coming back at 100M. I truly believe it is simply that it was a case of overheating. Although CPUtemps were only about 67 degrees, the physical box itself was almost burning hot. Isolved the cooling issue and never had the issue again. Jul 28 15:09:27 swithbox kernel: e1000e: eth1 NIC Link is Up 1000 Mbps Full Duplex, Flow Control: Rx/Tx Jul 28 15:09:28 swithbox kernel:........

  • How To Get Started on Ubuntu with gpt-2 OpenAI Text Prediction


    apt install software-properties-common add-apt-repository ppa:deadsnakes/ppa apt update apt install python3-pip apt install python3.7 curl gnupg python3.7-dev git ln -s /usr/bin/python3.7 /usr/bin/python3 pip3 install numpy keras_preprocessing curl https://bazel.build/bazel-release.pub.gpg | sudo apt-key add - echo "deb [arch=amd64] http://storage.googleapis.com/bazel-apt stable jdk1.8" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/bazel........

  • How To Install NextCloud on Centos 7 and Centos 8


    yum -y install wget unzip wget https://download.nextcloud.com/server/releases/nextcloud-18.0.2.zip unzip nextcloud-18.0.2.zip yum -y install php php-mysqlnd php-json php-zip php-dom php-xml php-libxml php-mbstring php-gd mysql mysql-server Last metadata expiration check: 0:58:02 ago on Fri 13 Mar 2020 02:12:49 PM EDT. Dependencies resolved. ===================================================================........

  • Ubuntu Debian Linux Cannot Install Wine Solution - wine1.6 : Depends: wine1.6-i386 (= 1:1.6.2-0ubuntu14.2) but it is not installable wine1.4 : Depends: wine1.6 but it is not going to be installed


    If you've ever gotten errors like this the solution is simple, you need i386 enabled on your 64-bit install because wine depends on some 32-bit x86 libraries: dpkg --add-architecture i386 apt update apt install wine After that it will install just fine. apt install wine Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done........

  • How To Install python 3.4 3.5 and up on Linux with wine - Working Solution


    This is sure simple if you follow the guide but it took a lot of hacking around to make this work on Debian/Ubuntu! Now before you ask why bother running wine and python, the reason is because Python executables are NOT cross-platform. If you run pyinstaller in Linux, that binary will only run on Linux and the same if you do it in Windows. So it is preferable if you have a single environment that you can create Linux and Windows binaries from rather than running 2 separate........

  • using Xvfb on virtual remote ssh server to have X graphical programs work


    The scenario here is that you have some sort of remote headless Linux server but would like to run some programs on them and get graphical access to them. The problem is that the remote server may be an image or VMwithout any virtual GPU and even if so, it is likely without KDE or Gnome, so there's no real way to do this, unless you follow our guide. Install xvfb apt install xvfb Reading package lists... D........

  • CentOS 8 how to convert to a bootable mdadm RAID software array


    The cool thing here is that we only need 1 drive to make a RAID 10 or RAID 1 array, we just tell the Linux mdadm utility that the other drive is "missing" and we can then add our original drive to the array after booting into our new RAID array. Step#1 Install tools we need yum -y install mdadm rsync Step #2 Create your partitions on the drive that will be our RAID array Here I assume it is /dev........

  • ADATA USB Thumb Drive Issues


    This is the reason that I don't like the new ADATA USB drives such as the UV128/64GB or 128GB drives and other ones that look to be the same style (the green sliding USB connector). They just don't work well from new and never work properly at any point. [ 788.242463] usb 1-1.2: new high-speed USB device number 16 using ehci-pci [ 788.339816] usb 1-1.2: New USB device found, idVendor=125f, idProduct=db8a [ 7........

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  • FUSE/Curlftpfs mount ftp account as drive partition in Linux


    This is a great way to use your ftp server space, for example on your web hosting account (althoughI believe many hosts don't allow storage like this), but if you have a VPS/Dedicated Server etc.., this would be perfect. Imagine how easy it is to work with an ftp account that you can just mount as a normal partition or directory in Linux, it would be great for backups etc.. Name curlftpfs - mount a ftp host as a local directory Synopsis........

  • mdadm force/fix proper md127 name


    I have an md0 arary that my Centos install refers to. I feel this is half the reason why it won't boot anymore. I saw the initrd for Centos was assembling it as md127 even though it was known as md0. The reason for this is because I used mdadm --assemble --scan to detect the array on a LiveCD. I had no idea this name would stick (but now I realize the name is permanently stored in the metadata once you mount md127 or whatever random name assemble gives it). W........

  • Debian 5.04 RAID 1 mdadm boot problem GRUB error


    I successfully created a single RAID 1 partition which includes /boot inside it and my root directory through the Debian installer. It said GRUB installed successfully but when I try booting the OS it seems GRUB can't read anything. When trying to boot from GRUB GRUB Loading stage 1.5. GRUB loading, please wait... Error 2 I get "Error 2" when trying to boot Debian. I also notice from a LiveCD that........

  • Asus O!Play cannot access network/workgroup shares


    It always worked fine before but no amount of power unplugging/cycling does any good. I can access one network share and that is one that I've already saved, but it can't see any workgroups. One silly thing is why is there no option to manually connect to a netbios name or IP? It seems there is a bug with the firmware and that the SMB client is not working properly. Hopefully it fixes itself at some point. Between this and the lack of support for embedded s........

  • Compile PHP 5.3.2 on Centos 5 and CPanel/WHM because of error - Fatal error: Call to > undefined function imagecreatefromjpeg()


    This function and others may not work with the stock PHPinstall on Centos/CPanel: Fatal error: Call to > undefined function imagecreatefromjpeg() Even with libjpeg-devel installed it won't work because PHP was not compiled with jpeg support, so we have to do the dirty work ourselves :) Here is the command/yum's I did to install missing libraries for PHP that configure will complain about (yes it is a one by one process). yum install bzip2-........

  • OpenVZ user_beancounters kmemsize failcnt Processes Timing Out/Doing Nothing/Zombie


    cat /proc/user_beancounters produces the following: kmemsize 1861537 5139870 12752512 12752512 26965041 Notice the failcnt "26965041", that is for kmemsize and at first it confused me. The system had enough guaranteed and enough burst RAM available. kmemsize is a variable indepedent of that, but who cars about the explanation right, let's just make thing........

  • mdadm Linux Software RAID auto-detect and assemble RAID Array


    mdadm --assemble --scan mdadm: /dev/md/diaghost05102010:2 has been started with 2 drives. mdadm: /dev/md/diaghost05102010:1 has been started with 2 drives. mdadm: /dev/md/diaghost05102010:0 has been started with 2 drives. -bash-3.1# cat /proc/mdstat Personalities : [linear] [raid0] [raid1] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] [multipath] md125 : active raid1 sda1[0] sdb1[1] 14658185 blocks super 1.2........

  • get_printer_attrs: resource name '/printers/printers' no good! - cups error


    This is what the /var/log/cups/error.log says after my Samsung CLP-310N decided to stop printing. This is a new printer that replaced my CLP-300 and it has been working for a day so far. What happened is that I lifted the top part (not realizing there were rollers on it) and it stopped printing. The network activity light was flashing ,hitting the stop button didn't do anything. Even powering the printer on and off did not help. I have restarted CUPS and SMB on the........

  • rsync my favorite/best/optimal default switches and options


    Not sure what rsync switches/options to use? rsync -PDrphogtl The short version would be: rsync -Pha I think these are really common sense options to use and probaby should be the default. Explanation of rsync switches P = display the progress D = hybrid of --specials and --devices so all special and device files will be copied as well. r = recursive (otherwise rsync won't copy files deeper than........

  • Seagate Drive 500GB Drive Dying


    This drive is clearly on the way out, the Kernel knows it but I'm surprised that SMART is not concerned. I didn't blame Seagate for their past issues until now. This hard drive has hardly been used and has not even been powered on for a year according to SMART. Home page is http://smartmontools.sourceforge.net/ === START OF INFORMATION SECTION === Model Family: Seagate Barracuda 7200.11 Device........

  • Linux AHCI Hotswap Tips - Remember To Reread The Partition Table WITHOUT rebooting


    From the package "parted" you can use the command "partprobe" to re-read the partition table. I really hate rebooting, and that's what Iloved to hear about AHCI motherboards, that they allow hotswap so you don't have to reboot. But that's only as good as the OS, if the OS does not reload the partition table you won't be able to do anything with that new drive you attached without rebooting. Yes, even without re-reading the partiton table Linux will........

  • Monitor MB/s Disk IO Usage/Bandwidth - Use iostat from the sysstat Package


    The binary "iostat" comes from the package "sysstat" and is available on all Linux/Unix like platforms. Use the "-m" option to give you what you probably want, which is to see in MB/s how much bandwidth each disk is doing. iostat -m Linux 2.6.24.2 ((none)) 04/16/10 avg-cpu: %user %nice %system %iowait %steal %idle ........

  • Rsync Timeout/Stall On Large files bigger than 16GB/Cannot Transfer large files with rysnc


    The last transfer I was able to do was 16.77GB according to rsync's output and it worked fine. 16.77G 100% 10.66MB/s 0:25:00 (xfer#17484, to-check=234753/256249) But on a file over 17GB (gigs) it stalls. Trust me, it really is stalled, it's been about 8 hours with no progression from that point for some reason. 17.24G 54% 10.65MB/s 0:22:07........

  • Picking an FTPD (vsftpd) Server in Linux Centos/Debian


    I decided on using yum to help me decide even though I normaly use proftpd I decided to see what else I could find. yum search ftp Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * rpmforge: ftp-stud.fht-esslingen.de * base: mirrors.netdna.com * updates: updates.interworx.info * addons: yum.singlehop.com * extras: mirrors.netdna.com rpmforge........

  • OpenVZ backup container to a single file while it's running using "vzdump"


    Proxmox has made this free utility to backup running OpenVZ containers. It's a great program which is actually just a PERL script but gets the job done. This program is not 100% required because all it really does is cp -a from your container's path as far as I know but it is still good to have uniformity to how you backup your containers. For RPM distros such as Centos/RHEL/Fedora etc.. download and install this: wget http://www.proxmox.com/cms_proxm........

  • Compaq V2405CA Laptop - Unixbench Performance Test


    Here are the results, it is Sempron 3000+ AMD Mobile, 500Gig HDD, 512MB RAM with shared ATI Radeon graphics. # # # # # # # ##### ###### # # #### # # # # ## # # # #&nb........

  • PHP cannot access /usr/bin/openssl


    PHP cannot access /usr/bin/opensslI have verified the username that runs the process is able to access /usr/bin/openssl and it does exist but the PHP script is saying it doesn't exist: [code:1:1fd0f3abbe] if (!file_exists($OPENSSL)) { //echo "ERROR: OPENSSL $OPENSSL not foundn"; }[/code:1:1fd0f3abbe] I don't get itI can clearly see the contents of /usr/bin by using the PHP system fu........

  • Clone any OS partition perfectly


    Clone any OS partition perfectlyIn one box I needed to copy the boot partition to another disk while retaining the MBR and other data. I simply ran this command: [code:1:1b1ff110ca]dd if=/dev/hda1 of=/dev/hdb1[/code:1:1b1ff110ca] [b:1b1ff110ca]if[/b:1b1ff110ca] = source patition [b:1b1ff110ca]of[/b:1b1ff110ca] = destination partition Here's an interesting article on it http://www.rajeevnet.com/hacks_hints/os_cl........

  • The New Chips on the Block


    The New Chips on the BlockThe New Chips on the Block By Bruce Gain Story location: http://www.wired.com/news/infostructure/0,1377,67795,00.html 02:00 AM Jun. 13, 2005 PT We have embarked upon a new era in x86 PC computing -- so say chip giants AMD and Intel following their launches of dual-core PC processors. So how will dual-core processing change your PC computing experience? Our FAQ should help you decide whether or when you sho........

  • Intel's Finnish Fetish


    Intel's Finnish FetishIntel's Finnish Fetish By Dave Mock June 13, 2005 Chipmaker Intel (NASDAQ: INTC) has successfully topped the personal computer market for decades. Breaking into related areas such as communications has been much difficult for the world's largest semiconductor maker. But a new partnership with Nokia (NYSE: NOK) could help to change that. Intel's forays into cellular-phone and home-entertaiment-device chips have........

  • Become your own ISP!


    Become your own ISP!http://waverider.com/ I would link to the exact product I am mentioning but it's under Products/5.8Ghz because I can't find the exact URL because of their annoying javascript and frames (you'll see what I mean). The exciting thing is that this unit can supposedly be up to 72mbit, it is NOT line of sight and the range is up to 20miles. I wonder how real world speeds and range would actually be and if it is reliable. I j........

  • Canada Net Speed


    Canada Net SpeedWhat is the fastest internet I can get in Canada?A lot of ISPs offer 10mbit cable such as Cogeco or some other one in Halifax I think. I can't remember the name. Right now cable internet will offer the fastest.........

  • View Disk Space Usage sorted by the size


    View Disk Space Usage sorted by the sizeUse: [code:1:8f675c5910]du -h | sort -n[/code:1:8f675c5910] The -h in du makes it show Kbytes or Mbytes instead of just bytes making it easier to read. The sort -n will show the files in order of smallest to largest *Note if you specify sort -nr instead then it will show the largest files first.........

  • Basic Port Listing


    Basic Port ListingHopefully someone finds this useful or at least interesting. http://www.sans.org/top20/#u9 Name Port Protocol Description Small services ........

  • Other Security Web Sites


    Other Security Web SitesSeveral websites actively track security issues. This list provides you with the major providers of security information on the Web. Many of these organizations also provide newsletters and mailings to announce changes or security threats: Center for Education and Research in Information Assurance and Security (CERIAS) CERIAS is an industry-sponsored center at Purdue University that is focused on technology and relate........

  • Telus Begins Enforcing Bandwidth Caps


    Telus Begins Enforcing Bandwidth CapsIt appears Telus has begun to send e-mails out and is planning on enforcing bandwidth caps of only 10gigs/month for their 1.5mbit plan and 20gigs/month for 2.5mbit The state of Canadian ISPs is horrible :( In the east coast, Bell Sympatico will allow you to have unlimited bandwidth and even Aliant will and they have 3mbit for a much more affordable price than our 2.5mbit on Telus. Telus needs to get wit........

  • auth/auth_util.c:make_server_info_sam(840) User nobody in passdb, but getpwnam() fails! - SAMBA/SMB Error How To Fix


    auth/auth_util.c:make_server_info_sam(840) User nobody in passdb, but getpwnam() fails! I never found the solution to this in the web, as usual so Ithought I'd post the fix. In plain English smbd is telling us that the user "nobody" does not exist in /etc/passwd. You can simply add this to your /etc/passwd file like so: nobody:x:65534:65534:nobody:/nonexistent:/sbin/nologin Now SAMBA/smbd should........

  • Adventures in pre-paid SIM Cards and data GPRS/Edge/3G in China with China Mobile in Shenzhen, Guangzhou, Shanghai, Beijing and other cities


    This really is a difficult and confusing process for non-Mandarin speakers, but here's what I've done and learned so far: You can purchase an "M-Zone" China Mobile pre-paid SIMCard from almost anywhere but I tried to purchase mine from Suning (a large electronics dealer) hoping they would be able to help me or answer my questions but my plan didn't work out at all. At Suning once I found someone who spoke some English they gave me the 55 RMB M-Zone China Mobile P........

  • SAMBA/SMB Share "Write" Access without Delete


    There is a nice mode that Samba supports which you can add to smb.conf create mode=555 This way users can create and write files/directories without deleting (except I believe dirs can be deleted but only if there are no files inside). It's too bad that Linux does not have built-in "write"/"delete" privileges and is something that even Windows 98 can trump.........

  • The power of passive vs air cooling. Small fans make a world of difference.


    I bought a Dynatron A46G for my AMD X4 620 AM3 Quad Core CPU. Just judging by touch, the stock OEM fan/heatsink combo kept things so cool, I could leave the 1U server on the floor and it barely felt warm to the touch, including the heatsink itself. I thought the Dynatron A46G would be enough with passive cooling (it has no fan), but the same setup became burning hot on the underside of the server and also by touching the heatsink itself within minutes. I thought that th........

  • Hard Drive Not Working/Not Detected By Your BIOS Anymore?


    I was starting to panic because suddenly my 1TB Seagate SATA drive wasn't working,I thought it was a BIOS issue because it seemed to have happened after I tried overclocking my Desktop too much. I tried powering down and waiting, but I still couldn't hear the drive spin up at all. I tried a second 1TB hard drive and it wouldn't work either. I checked all power connections again and again until one of the pins in the MOLEX connector popped completely loose. Th........

  • GRUB "Error 2: Bad file or directory type" 0.97 won


    You can see the problem below, GRUB recognizes my hard drive and sees the partitions but cannot access them. This is from the GRUB boot disc I'm using. What happened is that I had some power issues causing this system's power to be interrupted several times and basically an on/off on/off situation. The system won't boot, I just get a flashing cursor and no message or error from GRUB. Obviously the problem is that my MBR seems corrupt or some other issue. My........

  • Tyan S2735-8M motherboard/Rackable Systems 1u Server 100mbit NIC not working even when enabled in the BIOS


    Itried everything Icould think of, and of course even with the NIC enabled in the BIOS nothing was working. The light would flash when you plugin the cable for a second, but that's all. Due to another issue I'm about to post about (server is not compatible with 1TB/1000Gig Hard Drives), I updated the BIOS. I didn't even know the 100mbit NICs were not working untilI decided I should test each NIC one by one. Inoticed that only 1 server out of........

  • sudo: Error dropping capabilities, aborting in Linux Centos 5.3


    For some reason Ikeep getting this error when trying to run a sudo command eg: sudo -u someuser somecommand sudo: Error dropping capabilities, aborting My version of sudo is:sudo-1.6.9p17-3.el5_3.1 and I've heard that version 1.7 fixes everything. The only thing is yum does not think sudo has any update. Iguess the new version has not been committed to the RPM repository yet. This is really a huge and ann........

  • MySQL Restoring And Dumping/Backing UP MySQL Data/Tables/Databases


    Backing MySQL Databases Backing Up/Dumping All Mysql Databases To A Single File mysqldump --all-databases -u admin -p > allmysqldatabases.sql The "-all-databases" clause is pretty obvious isn't it? It means that it will backup all databases. The "-u admin" means login using the user "admin", if you h........

  • iPhone Create Silent/Free Custom Ringtone jailbroken/jailbreak iPhone


    As shown below you can find ringtones in the "/private/var/stash/Ringones*" directory of your iPhone. Different reports have said that the .m4r format is really an MP4 file and some have said AAC and some also say "it's the same as the M4A" format. Whatever the case is, one easy way is to install the silent theme from Cydia and copy that into your ringtones directory. /private/var/stash/Ringtones.sh7cLj root# ls Alarm.m4r ........

  • iPhone Safari Browser and TinyMCE Support


    This is unfortunate and frustrating as many sites use it, a lot of people are frustrated that TinyMCE does not work on the iPhone Safari browser. Apparently the developer of TinyMCE's answer is "talk to Apple about it" It's really frustrating although, I wonder if any other mobile phones are able to use TinyMCE or not, whatever the case is it would be nice to find a solution to use TinyMCE on the........

  • Nokia N97 review, feedback and complaints


    I've had an old Blackberry for a few years and I was ready to spend some serious cash on a nice Nokia. I love the idea of the Linux based Symbian S60 OS, so I was looking at phones like the E63, E71 (both are basically the same, at least CPU/screensize although E71 is thinner, has a 3MP camera, has GPS, and has dedicated buttons to adjust the volume). Then Iheard about the N97 and what a revolution it was supposed to be and it was even compared to iPhone. To........

  • RTL8111/8168B R8169 Gigabit Link slow speeds


    This is the Intel Atom 330 motherboard with integrated Realtek Gigabit NIC (Intel Desktop Board D945GCLF2 Motherboard W/ Atom 330 1.6 GHz Dual Core Processor - Mini-ITX) I cannot achieve more than 15 MB/s, even doing a local transfer through eth0 to it's own IP. 100% 95MB 15.9MB/s 00:06 So this is not a cabling, switch or hardware issue, it seems like a driver or chipset limitation problem. Here is my........

  • OCFS2 crash


    When trying to even cd or ls the mounted OCFS2 partition it crashes. Ithink this is a combination of VMWare Server's problem and the way I mounted and symlinked to it. More than anything this shows the problem and lack of forsight with VMWare, but also that OCFS2 is easily crashed if you do strange things. Output of /var/log/messages for OCFS2 Apr 10 15:57:45 localhost kernel: [84331.691258] Modules linked in: vmnet vmci vmmon ocfs2_stac........

  • Samba SMB Error - Server not using user level security and no password supplied. tree connect failed: NT_STATUS_WRONG_PASSWORD


    Server not using user level security and no password supplied. tree connect failed: NT_STATUS_WRONG_PASSWORD That happens when trying to use smbclient to connect to a share. The weird thing is that I can authnenticate just fine from Windows XP. It is partially my mistake, I forgot this share does have a password. I've tried authenticating with the correct user and also with "Guest" because this works in Windows. In Linux I ........

  • Viewing and Connecting to an SMB Samba Share on Windows/Linux/Unix


    This will give you the basic info needed to browse and connect to Samba shares from the command line. From the GUI of Gnome or KDE etc, it is pretty standard and straight forward. However, I've found very little guides on how to do it from the command line and if you're like me, a nerd who prefers command line for its simplicity and for remote use, this is the way to go. First get a list of all the Samba/SMB shares on the target. smbclient -L hostname........

  • BASH script error "((: 08: value too great for base (error token is "08")"


    ((: 08: value too great for base (error token is "08") Here is the code that caused it for ((track=1;track ........

  • Comments About Networking Technology


    We've noticed in many ways that traditional networking even in WANs and LANs has changed very little. Years ago most networks were running on 100mbit and today most still are. Even the average internet connection is largely unchanged from several years ago with some minor exceptions from Europe and Asia.........

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