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    This is mainly for if you've done something silly like trying to clone a Live, running VM image. In this example, the VM initially finds grub and tries to boot but is kicked straight into initramfs rescue mode/busybox right after this. If you've done this "silly" thing, you could have dataloss but a lot of times just using fsck will fix it as you are guaranteed at best to have some corruption and inconsistencies in the filesystem. My theory is that some files wer........

  • efibootmgr: option requires an argument -- 'd' efibootmgr version 15 grub-install.real: error: efibootmgr failed to register the boot entry: Operation not permitted.


    This sometimes happens when trying to install the EFIversion of grub to a device when you are booted into Legacy/MBR mode. It doesn't seem to occur on all machines, but some and seems somewhat BIOS dependent. grub-install --target=x86_64-efi /dev/sda Installing for x86_64-efi platform. grub-install.real: warning: Couldn't find physical volume `(null)'. Some modules may be missing from core image.. grub-install.real: warning: Couldn't find physica........

  • isc-dhcp-server dhcpd how to get longer lease


    You can do a static lease that is tied to the MAC address but what a lot of users prefer is that they come into the office or lab the next day and that their device gets assigned the same IP address (if possible). As we can see in the dhcpd logs that there is threshold that is defaulted as we'll show later. Whatever the threshold is set at, if the lease is younger than the threshold, it will keep the same lease. In other words, if the device goes to sleep or is powered off........

  • nvidia cannot resume from sleep Comm: nvidia-sleep.sh Tainted: Linux Ubuntu Mint Debian


    This seems to happen in many different drivers but it happened more often in newer versions such as 530 vs 525. Then nvidia-modeset goes to 100% There are many reports of this appearing since driver 4.70 and I can confirm I've seen this in various machines. https://forums.de........

  • zfs and LUKS how to recover in Linux


    Sometimes users take their removal drives and unplug and replug them to test what happens during the failure of a disk. However, this breaks things quite badly due to the /dev/mapper in LUKS not coming back online due to it not being closed. In other words, generally with non-encrypted drives the process is smooth but when encrypted you may want to follow a strategy like this: We can see below that both disks are unavailable as they were physically remov........

  • du - VAS Billing Subscriptions Hack/Scam MLPremiumSub Invascom Astromart Issues Complaint


    If you have du, you may want to check your bill, as you can read about a longstanding issue with fraudulent charges showing up and many users claiming they did not subscribe or solicit those offers. These don't normally show up on new accounts, but they seem to target established users and maybe even users they suspect are not watching their phone or bills, while they are on vacation. These charges can frighteningly happen with 0 interaction from the user despite what........

  • Docker Swarm vs Kubernetes Comparison Guide


    A lot of companies are unsure which solution to choose and many may not be aware of Docker Swarm as an alternative to Kubernetes. One thing that many Sysadmins find is that Docker Swarm is simply easier, quicker to setup and maintain by far than Kubernetes.........

  • When is it time to leave your VPS/VDS Cloud Hosting Provider?


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  • Linux how to get list of all timezones on system Ubuntu


    find /usr/share/zoneinfo/|sed s#"/usr/share/zoneinfo/"##g|grep "/"|grep -v posix|grep -v ^"Etc/"|grep -v ^right|grep -v ^"SystemV" Africa/Addis_Ababa Africa/Abidjan Africa/Blantyre Africa/Lusaka Africa/Casablanca Africa/Libreville Africa/Asmara Africa/Bujumbura Africa/Dakar Africa/Lagos Africa/Malabo Africa/Harare Africa/Kigali........

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    If you are using a hypervisor to test Proxmox (eg. Vbox) then changing the video card/display adapter can fix it. For example VboxSVGA causes the issue but switching to VMSVGA fixes it. For example VboxSVGA causes the issue but switching to VMSVGA fixes it. ........

  • How To Upgrade Debian 8,9,10 to Debian 12 Bookworm


    Step 1.) Upgrade to Debian 11 first The process to go to Debian 12 is not as smooth as 11, when trying to upgrade from Debian 10. In fact, it doesn't work directly, so you'll first need to follow this guide to update to Debian 11, reboot and come back here if successful. Step 2.) Update sources.list Update your /etc/apt/sources.list like this: deb http://........

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    We used a simple Debian 10 VM and showed the memory before starting docker and with no docker containers being started. The goal is to show much much memory dockerd actually uses. Before docker was started The VMwas using 58M of RAM. After docker was started it was using 99MB of RAM. How much RAM does docker use? It's not scientific but fair to say dockerd itself uses about 41MB of RAM (99-58).........

  • apache2 httpd apache server will not start [pid 22449:tid 139972160445760] AH00052: child pid 23248 exit signal Aborted (6) solution Mint Debian Ubuntu Redhat


    If you get this error, it is often because you have configured Apache with modules that weren't actually installed. Eg. you try to load the PHPmodule but didn't actually install the apache2 php module, so the server can't start. In general, this error can often be caused by issues with problematic modules and/or Apache being configured for modules that have not actually be installed (eg. libapache2-mod-php) is missing. The above results in this less than obv........

  • How to use the FTDI USB serial cable to RJ45 adapter to connect to the console on Cisco/Juniper Switch Router Firewall in Linux Ubuntu Debian Redhat


    This should work for most console ports of other manufacturers too. It is a quick and simple method for emegencies or deploying a few appliances/devices in a non-standard environment or small environment. However, if this is a route thing, or the equipment is not physically close to you, it would be best to use some sort of "Terminal" server which is an IP connected switch with several serial ports built-in for this purpose. Normally they accessible by web/........

  • How To Setup Python3 in Ubuntu Docker Image for AI Deep Learning


    The issue is that Docker images are stripped down, so many tools and even python3 is missing, so you'll have to build or update the actual image yourself. I assume you have started an image with something like this and that you have the Nvidia Toolkit installed (assuming you are using GPUs). If you're not using nvidia just remove --runtime=nvidia --gpus all. docker run -it --runtime=nvidia --gpus all ubuntu bash These works for most images li........

  • How to Configure NVIDIA GPUs with Docker on Ubuntu: A Comprehensive Guide for AI Deep Learning CUDA Solution


    Welcome to our in-depth guide on configuring NVIDIA GPUs with Docker on Ubuntu. This post is tailored for developers, data scientists, and IT professionals who are looking to leverage the power of NVIDIA's GPU acceleration within Docker containers. Whether you're working on machine lea........

  • How to Reset CIPC Cisco IP Communicator for CME CUCM CallManager


    Just hit **# on the keypad and the CIPCwill enable the button in settings for a factory reset. Sometimes the phone may run into issues or may be unable to register to another tftp server (eg. another CME or CUCM server) due to a bug or maybe due to the security settings tying it to a specific server. Step 1 - Click Settings Step 2 - Hit "**#"........

  • request_module: runaway loop modprobe binfmt-464c Kernel panic - not syncing: No init found Pid: 1, comm: swapper/0 Not tainted solution


    request_module: runaway loop modprobe binfmt-464c Kernel panic - not syncing: No init found Pid: 1, comm: swapper/0 Not tainted This is usually caused by a mismatch in architecture and happens frequently in development environments. Here is a example of what caused this issue: Your binaries are based on one architecture Your kernel was compiled with another architecture. Why does this happe........

  • ecryptfs how to change default mount location from Private Ubuntu Debian Centos How


    In a lot of distros like Debian, ecryptfs will mount itself in /home/yourusername/Private This is controlled by Private.mnt which may contain the mount path like this: /home/yourusername/Private Change the default mount location of ecryptfs by modifying this file: home/.ecryptfs/yourusername/.ecryptfs/Private.mnt After you unmount and relogin, you should find ecryptfs is now mo........

  • kernel panic initramfs not syncing cause solution


    Check your initramfs if it's missing /dev/null or /dev/console, this is likely the reason. If you want all actual devices to be created you could also enable devtmpfs in your kernel (.config) and mount like this during init: CONFIG_DEVTMPFS=y CONFIG_DEVTMPFS_MOUNT=y mount -t devtmpfs none /dev But note devtmpfs will not create /dev/null or /dev/console for........

  • How to install and configure haproxy on Linux Ubuntu Debian


    haproxy is one of the best known and widely used Open Source load balancers out there and a strong competitor to nginx. haproxy is used by many large sites per Wikipedia: HAProxy is used by a number of high-profile websites including GoDaddy, GitHub,........

  • PXE-E23 Error BOOTx64.EFI GRUB booting is 0 bytes tftp pxe dhcp solution NBP filesize is 0 Bytes


    Be very careful about what filename you specify in dhcpd.conf if you get an error like this: NBP filesize is 0 Bytes PXE-E23:Client received TFTP error from server. If you specify "BOOTx64.efi" then the file had better not be called "BOOTx64.EFI" as it is case sensitive. It's really a case of th........

  • debootstrap how to install Ubuntu, Mint, Debian install


    In this example we install debian 10 with --variant=minbase which gives us a minimal/tiny install. Don't use variant if you want the full size install. mkdir /tmp/deb10files debootstrap --variant=minbase buster /tmp/deb10files/ Did you get an error? debootstrap --variant=minbase buster /home/theuser/VMs/deb10files/ You'll get this error if you make a directory in your home........

  • Linux grub not using UUID for the root device instead it uses /dev/sda1 or other device name solution


    You can read lots of posts about this issue but there is not much information about why this is the case or how grub determines the root= device name. Some even suggest modifying grub.cfg manually which is a disaster as the next kernel update will cause grub to revert back to the device name. For most people this won't be an issue but those using template system, automated deployments and working in embedded may run into this issue with custom embedded and created minimal kernel........

  • Linux How to Check Which NIC is Onboard eth0 or eth1 Ubuntu Centos Debian Mint


    So say you happen to have 2 NICs of the exact same chipset, they will generally show up as the same name, with possibly a different revision in lspci. Normally this is not an issue if you have a server with 4 NICs, generally the eth0 to eth3 appears from left to the right (or right to left on some vendors) so it doesn't take much figuring out. Generally if you have different chipsets for different NICs, it should be easy to know which one is eth0 or the first NIC in the OS.........

  • Dell PowerEdge Server iDRAC Remote KVM/IP Default Username, Password Reset and Login Information Solution


    Are you new to the company, datacenter or a third party who is responsible for deploying a fleet of servers from scratch. The first step is to normally login to the KVM so you can perhaps manually reinstall, PXE boot the Cloud Image or reimage/reinstall an OS but you need access to the KVM/IP or what Dell calls iDRAC. It's common that you may have forgotten this information or that another employee or colleague has changed the info and did not tell you, that they have left the........

  • Enable Turbo Mode for CPU Ubuntu Linux Mint Debian Redhat


    Sometimes due to your BIOS/EFI you may find that you have chosen "Energy Efficient" for your CPU which may effectively disable turbo mode. This is because "Energy Efficient" will often restrict or throttle your CPU to the base speed. This can impact nearly any CPU such as Intel's, AMDs, Opteron, Xeon etc... This is of course frustrating, for example if you have a CPU that is 2.0GHz base speed but turbo to 2.5GHz, you will never hit more than 2GHz.........

  • How To Change Storage Location in Docker.io


    It sounds intuitive that you may just move the /var/lib/docker dir to another location and symlink it back but it won't work and you'll get an error. How to move Docker Storage the Correct Way This assumes that you want to use /mnt/raid as the new location. 1.) Stop Docker systemctl stop docker 2.) Move /var/lib/docker mv /var/lib/docker /mnt/raid/ 3.) Edit the Docker daemon file Specify the path you wan........

  • RTL8812BU and RTL8822BU Linux Driver Ubuntu Setup Archer T3U Plus


    PCIID 2357:0138 First install your kernel headers/source: sudo apt install linux-headers-`uname -r` 1.) Clone this git repo git clone https://github.com/morrownr/88x2bu-20210702 2.) Run the install cd 88x2bu-20210702 ./install-driver.sh 3.) Load the driver mod........

  • Cisco UC CME How To Enable Licensed Features


    Router#show license Index 1 Feature: ipbasek9 Period left: Life time License Type: Permanent License State: Active, In Use License Count: Non-Counted Lic........

  • grub blank screen how to manually boot kernel and initrd Linux Ubuntu Debian Centos won't boot solution


    You probably didn't do an "update-grub" and grub no longer has any proper menu entries, but before you can fix it let's try to get grub booting anyway. If you get this lovely black grub screen here's how you can get things booting. In my case I have a gpt partition with partition 1 and 2. Partion 1 is just my EFI / ESPand partion 2 /dev/sda2 is my root which includes /boot. You will have to adjust this if you had a separate /boot partition.........

  • Cisco Switch / Router How To Restore Factory Default Settings


    1.) Make sure your conf register is 0x2102 Do show version and at the very end of the output you will see the Configuration register. show version Configuration register is 0x2102 If the config register is not 0x2102 then enter this command: r1#configure terminal r1(config)#config-register 0x2102 r1(config)#end 2.) Let's Erase the NVRAM/flash........

  • Cisco 2900 3900 Router Password Reset How To Reset Enable Password


    It is a bit different and annoying here for these types of routers/models as you need to physically remove the CF (Compact Flash) and only then, will it enter ROMMON mode (Ctrl + Pause remotely over the console will not do it for us). This means you cannot do this remotely, or at least not without the help of a remote/physical helper. Step 1.) Power off, router and remove CF Disk Slot#2 Go to the router and remove the slot#2 cover uses your hand or it may help to use a........

  • Translating "cisco" ...domain server (255.255.255.255) Cisco Router/Switch Solution


    If you are in enable mode and make a typo, the router will treat it as a domain name and try to resolve it, and if it can't resolve it, you'll have to wait until it times out. Here's how to solve the Translating domain server error in Cisco Enter this in config mode: no ip domain-lookup Be sure to sav........

  • Error opening tftp://10.0.2.2/network-confg (Permission denied) - How To Fix Cisco Router Switch Error Solution Console


    How To Fix This Cisco Switch/Router Error %Error opening tftp %Error opening tftp://10.0.2.2/network-confg (Permission denied) %Error opening tftp://10.0.2.2/cisconet.cfg (Permission denied) %Error opening tftp://10.0.2.2/router-confg (Permission denied) %Error opening tftp://10.0.2.2/ciscortr.cfg (Permission denied) %Error opening tftp://10.0.2.2/network-confg (Perm........

  • i915 nouveau Nvidia GPU not starting lightdm Xorg failing solution for Could not determine valid watermarks for inherited state


    It may appear to be an Xorg or lightdm/gdm/mdm error but in reality for many users with this issue, it's a driver conflict and issue. I had a system that had two GPUs, an Intel and Nvidia GPU. The only thing that got it working was to remove the nouveau driver and blacklist it so it never came back, then the Intel GPU works fine without these issues. Solution sudo rmmod nouveau add nouveau/other driver to blacklist edit th........

  • How To Reload All Kernel Modules And List Required Moduels for Each Device - Linux Mint Debian Ubuntu Troubleshooting


    One easy way is to use lspci -k like this: sudo lspci -k|grep modules|sort -nr|uniq Kernel modules: snd_hda_intel Kernel modules: shpchp Kernel modules: pata_acpi Kernel modules: nvidiafb, nouveau, nvidia_drm, nvidia Kernel modules: mei_me Kernel modules: lpc_ich Kernel module........

  • Debian Ubuntu Mint DHCP dhclient quits and how to make it persistent if first attempt to get DHCP lease fails


    Debian based OS's have a similar issue as the behavior in RHEL/CentOS dhclient, which is that if you have an interface that relies on DHCP, if the first attempt fails, it will quit and stop. This is a problem especially if you are using your Linux as a router or something else mission critical, but where the internet for some reason may have been down or the DHCP server it gets a lease from broken. The expected behavior you would hope is that when things are back online that the........

  • WARNING: Unable to determine the path to install the libglvnd EGL vendor library config files. Check that you have pkg-config and the libglvnd development libraries installed, or specify a path with --glvnd-egl-config-path. Linux Ubuntu Mint Debian E


    If you get an error like this when installing the Nvidia drivers: WARNING: Unable to determine the path to install the libglvnd EGL vendor library config files. Check that you have pkg-config and the libglvnd development libraries installed, or specify a path with --glvnd-egl-config-path. Just install these packages: &nbs........

  • How To Do Linux Network Bonding Teaming in Mint Debian Ubuntu


    Bonding is an excellent way to get both increased redundancy and throughput. It is similar to the "Network Teaming" feature in Windows. There are a few different modes but we will use mode 6, I think it's the best of both worlds, as it is not just a failover, but it provides round robin, so you will get redundancy and load balancing. So if you have a 1G single port, you will have a combined throughput of 4G at this point. Just bear in mind that the true thr........

  • How To Enable Linux Swapfile Instead of Partition Ubuntu Mint Debian Centos


    This may be necessary if you have a VM or if for some reason you just want to be more efficient with your space and have the flexibility of changing your swap space at will. What we mean is the ability to use a "swap file" or similar to the Windows "pagefile" that normally resides on the root or c: partition of Windows. Here's all you have to do and then you to can have a single partiton with everything, including the swap file on the root partition if you........

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    (firefox:9562): LIBDBUSMENU-GLIB-WARNING **: Unable to get session bus: Failed to execute child process "dbus-launch" (No such file or directory) ExceptionHandler::GenerateDump cloned child 9743 ExceptionHandler::WaitForContinueSignal waiting for continue signal... ExceptionHandler::SendContinueSignalToChild sent continue signal to child [Parent 9562, Gecko_IOThread] WARNING: pipe error (40): Connection reset by peer: file /build/firefox-EymEXX/fire........

  • Docker Tutorial HowTo Install Docker, Use and Create Docker Container Images Clustering Swarm Mode Monitoring Service Hosting Provider


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  • How To Startup and Open Remote/Local Folder/Directory in Ubuntu Linux Mint automatically upon login


    Just click on the Start Menu and go to "Startup Applications" Then click on the "Add"Button Now enter the command we need to open the folder/directory automatically using the filemanager For remote SSH host (you need pub key auth for it to open without a pa........

  • How To Create OpenVPN Server for Secure Remote Corporate Access in Linux Debian/Mint/Ubuntu with client public key authentication


    Why choose OpenVPN instead of a firewall appliance? OpenVPN can be a reliable and easy replacement for traditional hardware or just be an additional tool that your company uses so that the firewall can focus on its job rather than acting as a VPNappliance at the same time. When comparing OpenVPN with traditional firewal........

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    In our 2024 VPS Server/Cloud Buyer's Guide, we place the location of your VPS/hosting/server as one of the priorities that is often overlooked. 2024 Update - Datacent........

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    How To Install Wazuh Server / Quickest Installation Wazuh (forked from the well known OSSEC project) is a full SIEM (Security Information Event Management) that works extremely well with the platforms it natively supports as an "Agent", which allows you to do scans of everything such as all processes running, CVE vulnerability check, incident reporting etc... Prerequisites: A lot of issues with Wazuh seem to be caused by i........

  • Ansible Tutorial - Playbook How To Install From Scratch and Deploy LAMP + Wordpress on Remote Server


    1. Let's work from an environment where we can install Ansible on. If you are using an older version of Linux based on Mint 18 or Ubuntu 16, you may want to get the PPA and get the latest version of Ansible that way: sudo apt install gpg sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ansible/ansible sudo apt update........

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    This normally happens when you interrupt the install of Ceph: pveceph install update available package list start installation Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree... Done Reading state information... Done gdisk is already the newest version (1.0.6-1.1). ceph-common is already the newest version (15.2.15-pve1). ceph-fuse is already the newest version (15.2.15-pve1). Some package........

  • Proxmox Update Error https://enterprise.proxmox.com/debian/pve bullseye InRelease 401 Unauthorized [IP: 144.217.225.162 443]


    Are you getting this error in Proxmox while trying to apt update or install Ceph? apt update Hit:1 http://security.debian.org bullseye-security InRelease Err:2 https://enterprise.proxmox.com/debian/pve bullseye InRelease 401 Unauthorized [IP: 144.217.225.162 443] Hit:3 http://ftp.hk.debian.org/debian bullseye InRelease ........

  • QEMU/KVM How to Hot-add A Virtual Disk .raw/.qcow2 via QEMU Monitor Commands


    For a lot of reasons, it may be convenient to detach or attach live disks to a running VM without having to reboot it. Sure, you can use some network based storage, but when performance counts, attaching a new virtual disk will usually give you better throughput and lower latency in a quick testing situation. This doesn't work, why not? drive_add 0 if=virtio,file=/tmp/vm.qcow2,if=virtio,format=qcow2,id=rtt Can't hot-ad........

  • Linux Ubuntu Debian Centos Mint - How To Check if Intel VT-x or AMD-V Hardware Virtualization is Enabled?


    From the terminal do this: cat /proc/cpuinfo|grep -E "svm|vmx" You should get output like this(svm = AMD-v and vmx=Intel-VTx): flags : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht tm pbe syscall nx pdpe1gb rdtscp lm constant_tsc arch_perfmon pebs bts rep_good nopl xtopology nonstop_tsc cpuid aperfmperf pni pclmulqd........

  • Cisco Howto Configure Console Port/Terminal/Comm Server with Async Cable Setup


    This assumes that you've already installed the relevant HWIC cards eg. Cisco Asynchronous Serial NIM These are essentially cards that you install into your router, once installed you connect an Async cable to one of the ports on the card which normally gives you 8 console cables and are normally labelled 1 through 8. You connect all of the cables to the devices you need (even non-Cisco devices) whether switches, routers or firewalls, they will usually work. The real m........

  • Cisco Switch Howto Reset Password


    This was done on a 2900 but applies to all the switches of the same era. Step 1 - Power Cycle and enter recovery mode If you have physical access you can power cycle and hold the mode button down for 15 seconds. After that the SYS light will flash on the switch and you will see the following screenshot. If you don't have physical access (eg. it is a datacenter swich over console only) then power cycle and hit "Ctrl+Pause/B........

  • SSH cannot connect to old servers/devices/switches/routers/Cisco/Juniper Unable to negotiate with 192.168.20.2 port 22: no matching key exchange method found. Their offer: diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha1,diffie-hellman-group14-sha1,diffie-hell


    A lot of older devices either support telnet or very old SSH keyx algorithms which are insecure and disabled by all newer/modern SSH clients for security reasons. However, sometimes you may be on a LAN via VPNor some other secured network or for whatever reason, absolutely, need to connect to this device and sometimes old/embedded devices may not be possible to update to a newer SSH server. If you run into this you may be using a modern/newer SSH client and get thi........

  • Cisco Router Password Reset Howto Guide Solution Cannot Login /Unknown Enable Password 2600, 2800, 2900, 3900


    It is common that you may get access to undocumented equipment and need to reset the password. This applies to many Cisco routers whether 2600, 2900, 3900 etc... Cisco's Guide says to hit Ctrl +Pause/Break but if it doesn't work on some devices causing people to say "cisco password reset pause break does not work", you can see Cisco's alternative key combinations here:........

  • Debian, Mint Ubuntu how to remove package and associated config files


    If you want to start fresh a lot of people falsely assume that an apt remove and then reinstall or apt --reinstall install package will start you off fresh. To be sure and remove all associated config files do the below with the example of ssh server (don't remove it though if you actually use it!) The key below is using the --purge flag or apt-get purge proftpd (eg sudo apt --purge remove packagename) apt purge proftpd; apt install proftpd........

  • Linux Grub not booting the intended kernel solution in Debian, Mint, Ubuntu how to specify which kernel to boot by default


    Traditionally kernels were numbered starting from 0 but by default the "new style" of grub boot loading considers each subkernel item to be different so if you have 3 entries for 4.40-148 rather than counting for 1. To get the expected behavior let's show this example and how we can boot it We do a grep on menuentry in /boot/grub/grub.cfg to see all of the bootable kernels rather than scrolling through loads of extra entries we don't care about (thou........

  • QEMU KVM Keyboard Problems Not Working Right Repeating Characters, Ctrl+C Copy and Paste not working right when using PS2 mouse in guests Solution


    It seems that QEMU/KVM's default PS2 mouse and keyboard doesn't work right in most cases. I have especially observed issues using Ctrl+C and Ctrl+V and in Linux you may see repeated key presses in the terminal and you will wonder why you copied something and it's not in the clipboard when you try to paste. The way to temporarily fix it is to press the key that is repeating once(works in Linux but not really in Windows). Sometimes when moving your mouse it will also s........

  • Scanner not working in Linux Ubuntu Fedora Mint Debian over the network? Use sane-airscan!


    I have a Canon MF642c and the scanner wouldn't work. I tried to use saned but it didn't work with the BJNPlike it did for some other Canon models. Introducing sane-airscan with packages for the most common distributions: https://software.opensuse.org/download.html?project=home%3Apzz&package=sane-airscan http........

  • How To Boot, Install and Run Windows 2000 on QEMU-KVM


    Interestingly enough Windows 2000 works fine on QEMU 64-bit but you have to specify Pentium as your CPU otherwise it doesn't complete the install (it will not pass the detecting/setting up devices phase). -vga cirrus is wise because it is supported by Windows 2000 and allows higher resolutions and 24-bit color. -cpu Pentium emulates an old computer and is necessary for install to complete -device rtl8139 is important as this oldschool Realtek 8139 NIC is supported by W........

  • Huion and Wacom Tablets How To Install in Linux Mint / Ubuntu and make the stylus work properly


    It took a lot of fiddling to make a Huion Kamvas 13 Pro work in Linux but it simple once you know what to do. Don't bother searching as it is unlkely there is a guide out there that will actually make your tablet work. It mainly comes down to the fact that the hid_uclogic kernel module is buggy or doesn't support MANYof these wacom based/Huion tablets properly. What was happening with me is that Ihad the Kamvas 13 Huion setup as a secondary screen/monitor.&nb........

  • mencoder instead of ffmpeg to join or concatenate video files with different audio streams


    The problem for me is that Ihad two videos with different types of audio streams. ffmpeg would join them but they would not play past the point of the join. So Iused mencoder like below and it joined the audio and made them both mp3 streams and it worked! -oac mp3lame specifies the audio to be convered into an mp3 stream using the lame codec. after the oac the two files are the ones to be joined. the -o is the name of the outp........

  • How To Replace Audio Track of Video using ffmpeg


    A very common use case is that you don't want to waste time using a video editor that requires you to open it up and manually import the video clip and audio clip, then manually delete the old audio track and import the video and new audio. That's too much work and time since we don't want to go through the hassle. ffmpeg is our solution, all we have to do is specify 3 variables and we're done! -i Windows2019-Server-Noaudio.mp4 is our in........

  • How To Setup a Cisco CME (Cisco Manager Express) Virtual Router under Linux using dynamips and dynagen


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  • Postfix header_checks using regexp and multiple lines


    I'm posting this because it wasn't easy or obvious how this would be accomplished and the man page leaves it to guesswork. Multi-line body_checks Example 1 /........

  • Convert doc images/jpg/jpeg to PDF


    Use "ImageMagick" which can be installed easily on most UNIX/Linux distros. Remember that it will go with the standard file listing to determine the order but I believe you can manually specify multiple jpg's in the arguments. Convert image/jpg to PDF convert *.jpg yourpdf.pdf This is a very handy and free tool. Convert DOC/TXT documents to PDF If you wanted to convert a .doc file or text........

  • OpenOffice Calc SUM function not working Solution - Result is always 0/apostrophe appears in front of all numbers.


    I right clicked all applicable cells and chose "number" but that's enough. I notice when I click the cell there is an invisible ' in front of the number: '33.64 Calc imported my CSV and decided to add a ' in front of the numeric currency values!!!*Actually the problem occurs when you right click the cells and change the type from text to number, no matter what format you choose. If I change it to be currency i........

  • Thunderbird/MBOX to IMAP/Maildir migration done easy with mb2md


    Convert MBOX Mail files into Maildir using Linux *You need perl an the TimeDate module Get the free Perl script mb2md from the project/author's site: wget http://batleth.sapienti-sat.org/projects/mb2md/mb2md-3.20.pl.gz gunzip mb2md-3.20.pl.gz #remember you need timedate or you'll get this error: ./mb2md-3.20.pl Can't locate........

  • MySQL NEVER delete ib_logfile0 or ibdata1 or you'll lose data


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  • email server messsages rejected without reverse DNS DNS check failure Client host rejected: cannot find your reverse hostname Cannot resolve PTR record


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  • MySQL Replication/Dual-Master vs Clustering


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  • CPU #1 not responding - cannot use it.


    I think this will be useful to others because I have a server that kept crashing mysteriously during intense disk usage/RAID checks. It would only crash during the weekly RAID integrity check. ThenI noticed during a reboot that not all CPUs were being brought up, as a result this actually creates much higher temperatures with the output I got from sensors, just booting the system produced higher than normal temperatures. You can imagine that a full blown RAID check........

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    understanding /etc/aliases *remember to apply changes you need to run "newaliases" after editing /etc/aliases one thing I don't get is that it doesn't allow you to specify the whole e-mail address on the left-hand side eg: yourfullemail@domain.com: someotheremail@domain.com postalias: warning: /etc/aliases, line 109: name must be local (if you try the above) It works more like this: your........

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    genuine.com/IN: loading master file genuine.com.zone: file not found _default/genuine.com/IN: file not found I always found it silly that no one really talks about this and apparently many like me and even control panels like Plesk were still using hard paths. I always thought "why can't I just specify the name of the zone file and have bind find it". Surely the default search path must be /var/named or somewhere else but there is no such thing.........

  • updatedb/mdadm caused a kernel panic?


    Jan 16 04:02:03 centosbox syslogd 1.4.1: restart. Jan 16 04:07:34 centosbox kernel: INFO: task updatedb:20771 blocked for more than 300 seconds. Jan 16 04:07:34 centosbox kernel: "echo 0 > /proc/sys/kernel/hung_task_timeout_secs" disables this message. Jan 16 04:07:34 centosbox kernel: updatedb D F78BE050 6476 20771 20766&n........

  • Ubuntu 9.04 Crash


    CPU/Kernel/MB/RAID problem? Jan 5 12:45:05 testbox kernel: [653298.890004] BUG: soft lockup - CPU#0 stuck for 61s! [hal-acl-tool:4168] Jan 5 12:45:05 testbox kernel: [653298.890005] Modules linked in: vmnet vmci vmmon binfmt_misc drbd video output input_polldev ocfs2_stackglue ocfs2_dlmfs ocfs2_dlm ocfs2_nodemanager configfs k8temp hwmon_vid lp snd_hda_intel snd_pcm_oss snd_mixer_oss snd_pcm snd_seq_dummy snd_seq_oss snd_seq_midi snd_rawmidi........

  • Installing Webmin & Enabling SSL


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  • crontab/cronjob running multiple times at the wrong time


    crontab not working It is running as user Apache I've tried 0 0 * * * (which means midnight 00:00) and it does run at midnight but also 13:25 for some reason? 25 0 * * * with this it runs at 00:25 but again also at 13:25 Solution - Restart the Cron Service (especially if you changed your time/timezone) *Update I had a suspicion that changing the timezone a few weeks ago caused this. I restarted lhe cron service and the problem h........

  • mdadm Centos 5 automatic resync


    This made me nervous but it's clearly a cronjob based on the messages log that happens every Sunday at about 4:22. I actually can't find any evidence of it in cron.d cron.daily but it is there somewhere obviously. What I don't get is why doesn't this cronjob do a datacheck like Ubuntu's cronscript does? When you unnecessarily rebuild the array you lose your redundancy during that point which makes your data extremely vulnerable. *Update I did a grep of &q........

  • Cygwin and crontab backups via ssh/scp/rsync


    Install the "Editors" and "Net" groups that will give you rsync, ssh, ssh-keygen and cron. The trickiest thing that I keep forgetting about each time is you have to run "cron-config" which adds the cron service to Windows, and without doing that obviously no cron jobs will be run thus making automatic backups impossible. Warning about rsync/cygwin and using the -a archive switch. It's a good thing I caught this because it doesn't work ri........

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    yum exits in the middle The problem is this VPS seems to be an OpenVZ template from HyperVM. The only way to make it work was to disable i386 packages since this was an x64 kernel. That shouldn't be necessary but it was the only way to make yum stop quitting after the first package or two. I couldn't find any issue by checking the logs either. echo y|yum install vim-minimal telnet expect jwhois net-tools slocate iptables elinks gawk L........

  • WD (Western Digital) Advanced Format Drive Lagged/Slow Speed/Performance/Design Flaw EAD/EARS problem WDC WD20EARS-00S8B1


    Let the numbers speak for themselves, from what I read the Load_Cycle_Count which is very high (more than 500,000/half a million times) is the number of head parks. What a stupid"Green" design and design flaw which will probably mean an early life for the drive. This is almost as silly as Seagate's new reputation for BSY/poor quality disks since the 7200.11 series. To make it worse this is also when Western Digital introduced "Advanced Format" o........

  • VirtualBox some USB passthrough devices greyed/grayed out unavailable solution


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  • Ubuntu 10.04/GRUB2 mdadm won't boot


    Moving to RAID was a pain. What you have to do is the following from an existing install: Install mdadm Create your mdadm RAID 1 array on your spare hard drive. Start it with the missing disk. rsync the entire contents of your current / to the md partition. Here's a good way of doing it: rsync -Pha --exclude=/proc/* --exclude=/sys/* --exclude=/mnt/* /. /mnt/md2........

  • EOL for Kubuntu/Ubuntu 8.04 - W: Failed to fetch http://ca.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/intrepid/universe/source/Sources.gz 404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.92.171 80]


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  • Wine stopped working/won't work Solution


    After an upgrade wine wouldn't open anything, not even the pre-installed notepad. There are no wine logs and nothing is mentioned in any standard log file about why. I finally decided to run wine from the shell and see what's going on: wine client error:0: version mismatch 398/402. Your wineserver binary was not upgraded correctly, or you have an older one somewhere in your PATH. Or maybe the wrong wineserver is still running?........

  • GNOME/Nautilus Resize Images/Pictures from File Manager by right clicking


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  • PHP CURL SSL won't work or connect


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  • mdadm Linux Software RAID QuickStart Guide


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  • VirtualBox Error Failed to start the virtual machine Centos 5.5 Mirror. Medium '/home/testuser/.VirtualBox/HardDisks/Centos 5.5 Mirror.vdi' is not accessible. UUID {a1a9fad7-0402-4867-b8f3-39fb49454bc5} of the medium '/home/testuser/.VirtualBox/HardD


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  • Installing Virtualbox on Centos 5.5


    wget http://download.virtualbox.org/virtualbox/3.2.8/VirtualBox-3.2-3.2.8_64453_rhel5-1.i386.rpm rpm -i http://download.virtualbox.org/virtualbox/3.2.8/VirtualBox-3.2-3.2.8_64453_rhel5-1.i386.rpm error: Failed dependencies: libGLU.so.1 is needed by VirtualBox-3.2-3.2.8_64453_rhel5-1.i386 libSDL-1.2.so.0 is needed by VirtualBox-3.2-3.2.8_64453_rhel5-1.i386 libXmu.so.6 is needed b........

  • Linux Kernel Freeze/Hang during boot on io scheduler cfq registered (default)


    You'll see the following and the boot process will freeze: io scheduler noop registered io scheduler anticipatory registered io scheduler deadline registered io scheduler cfq registered (default) I have struggled with this issue on vari........

  • VirtualBox/VBOX Centos 5.5 Installation Kernel Freeze Problem "NET: Registered protocol family 2" And Solution


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  • OpenVZ iptables v1.3.5: can't initialize iptables table `nat': Table does not exist (do you need to insmod?) Perhaps iptables or your kernel needs to be upgraded. Solution


    This error is annoying, in a Virtuozzo KB entry about this ip tables nat problem they say the kernel needs to be ugpraded: Symptoms The node runs 2.6.18-x kernel older than 2.6.18-028stab053.10. NAT module does not work in container, you get "can't initialize iptables table 'nat'" error: # iptables -t nat........

  • jailkit for chroot ssh account security tutorial and fix for error


    This was done on Centos butI think it's easier on Debian machines, the paths that it is set to use are tailored towards Debian, so there is some fiddling that needs to be done on Centos. This is for chrooting ssh, but jailkit has other uses than just SSH jails but I won't cover them in this writeup. 1. Install jailkit yum install jailkit 2. Setup Jail Home mkdir /home/jail chown root:root /home/ja........

  • exim high load and dozens of processes


    This server was experiencing loads of up to 80 and maxing out the RAM and kmemsize on a CPanel VPS. There were literally dozens if not hundreds of exim processes. I have no idea why exim has such a design that would allow it to consume this much CPU and RAM. Any normal MTA should not be spawning so many processes, it should be processing them in sequence and if it is going to spawn hundreds of processes in response to a large volume of mail, it's better to have a delayed del........

  • mencoder Linux CLI video editing how to encode video file into xvid and split by time into multiple parts


    Mencoder is great, you can throw anything at it, including video files from your camera and have it encode into xvid or almost any other format. In my case I took 640x480 video from my Canon and reduced the size by 1/3 with the options below (there are many other options that you can read about in the manual but I like to keep it simple). Mencoder Encode mencoder -ovc xvid -oac mp3lame -xvidencopts fixed_quant=4 -o ........

  • Linux Burn MP3 CD On the Fly using


    I finally decided to look into some utils that did this, and the first one I found is "mp3burn". It is unbelievable simple and perfect. *2017-11 update and mp3burn is still available in standard repos such as Ubuntu 14/16 so this is a current and working project. Just install the package and it gets all required libraries to convert and then burn's on the fly. And you won't believe how simple it is. I just want to a directory that had the MP3's I wanted t........

  • Realtek r8169 1gbit/1000mbit NIC/Ethernet Goes Down/Halts on Large File Transfer/Heavy Network Usage


    This is obviously a bug in the r8169 kernel module and it seems to affect a lot of people. I upgraded to the latest kernel and hope this won't happen anymore, as it is a very serious error. This is especially serious for those who are running servers with this chipset, who can afford for the NIC to randomly go off-line for no apparent reason? [655548.189113] type=1505 audit(1277067560.902:5): operation="profile_load" name="/usr/bin/freshclam&q........

  • FUSE/Curlftpfs mount ftp account as drive partition in Linux


    This is a great way to use your ftp server space, for example on your web hosting account (althoughI believe many hosts don't allow storage like this), but if you have a VPS/Dedicated Server etc.., this would be perfect. Imagine how easy it is to work with an ftp account that you can just mount as a normal partition or directory in Linux, it would be great for backups etc.. Name curlftpfs - mount a ftp host as a local directory Synopsis........

  • Use rcconf to edit startup/init.d/init scripts on Debian/Ubuntu based distributions


    I've never understood how to enable and disable services for different run levels in Debian based distros, it's just weird, annoying and doesn't make sense. I much prefer chkconfig from RHEL. Just install the package called 'rcconf' and be done with it. rcconf makes things easy for you. apt-get install rcconf Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done........

  • cPanel complaint - No Shared SSL! cPanel 11.25.0-R46156 - WHM 11.25.0 - X 3.9


    I've recently used CPanel on the admin side for the first time and have to say I hate it. Everything from the layout to the functionality screams "hackish". It just lacks so many common sense features and way of working. I was never 100% impressed with Plesk but the basics were definitely laid out and done in a sensible manner, even though it is made by a Russian company, they definitely thought about how to make a Control Panel. I have no idea why people........

  • rsync skipping non-regular file


    skipping non-regular file "mnt/lib/udev/devices/console" skipping non-regular file "mnt/lib/udev/devices/kmem" skipping non-regular file "mnt/lib/udev/devices/loop0" skipping non-regular file "mnt/lib/udev/devices/null" skipping non-regular file "mnt/lib/udev/devices/ppp" skipping non-regular file "mnt/lib/udev/devices/net/tu Solution for skipping non-regular file You need the -D........

  • How To Set DHCP/Static IP Address in Centos/RHEL/Fedora & Debian/Ubuntu/Kubuntu/MEPIS Set DHCP/Static IP Address


    Basically the two main types of distros are Debian and RHEL/Centos based. I'm just going to give a quick overview of how the configuration of IP interfaces works in Debian/Centos based distros. *Just one thing to remember, when setting IPs statically you have to manually specify a DNS server in /etc/resolv.conf (since DHCP is what normally does it automatically) Debian/Ubuntu/Kubuntu/MEPIS The IP (DHCP &........

  • Centos 5.5 RAID 1 boot issue


    I installed 5.5 with a 300GB RAID 1 partition (boot is also on this partition). It booted up fine the first few times until after I used a Live CD and accessed the array, and it became named /dev/md127 for some reason. Now whenI boot into CentOS I get a kernel panic and different errors, once I got "invalid superblock", even though the array is fine (it didn't happen again, probably because I was sure to dismount and stop the mdadm array properly). Here's what........

  • Unixbench Score on Core i5 750 with OpenVZ Kernel vs Xen/Openvz


    This was unbelievable how much the Xen kernel slows things down, keep in mind both tests were done on the hostnode, one was with the Openvz-Xen hybrid kernel and the other was just OpenVZ. You can see the performance difference is nearly 300% better when not using the Xen kernel. OpenVZ-Xen Kernel Test Results (I was wondering what was wrong/so slow with my Core i5!) # # # # # #&n........

  • Windows install blue screen of death caused by faulty optical/DVD-RW drive.


    I took an educated guess because it kept happening at the same spot when loading the XP install. I thought it was the hard drive or motherboard. But it turns out my heavily used but loved NEC 3500 DVD-RW drive was the culprit. After disconnecting it and swapping it for another much beloved Pioneer DVD-RW, everything has gone smoothly. I never ran into this or many issues because I've hardly used this drive since moving it to another Desktop years ago. I actua........

  • SSH Automatic/Passwordless Logon - Setup Public Key Encryption In Single Command


    This is a very simple solution, but most guides out there make you login twice (once to scp the key) and once to put the key in authorized_keys. There's no need for that. If you don't already have a ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub just type "ssh-keygen -t rsa" and keep hitting enter until it's done :) Just use this code to easily enable passwordless login with SSHD key=`cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub`;ssh user@192.168.5.25 "echo $key >> ~/.ssh/auth........

  • Why is RAM pricing so expensive volatile lately?


    I'm guessing RAM manufacturers forgot they're not the oil/gas companies and are playing games. It was just a year ago when I was buying 2GB sticks as low as $20 CAD! Now the average price is $50 CAD. What happened to Moore's law when it comes to pricing for RAM? Every other piece of hardware generally has been coming down without exception. ........

  • rsync my favorite/best/optimal default switches and options


    Not sure what rsync switches/options to use? rsync -PDrphogtl The short version would be: rsync -Pha I think these are really common sense options to use and probaby should be the default. Explanation of rsync switches P = display the progress D = hybrid of --specials and --devices so all special and device files will be copied as well. r = recursive (otherwise rsync won't copy files deeper than........

  • rsync ERROR: sdb2/backup.r18 failed verification -- update retained.


    ERROR: sdb2/backup.r18 failed verification -- update retained. This happened when Iwas rsyncing a dying hard drive, a lot of people seem to report this as an error with rsync itself but I don't think rsync is the issue at all. I know the source hard drive was bad, it was having all kinds of timeout, seek, hardware ECC recovered and reset errors. The only time something else could be the problem is if the data is being corrupted in transit, perhaps through........

  • Seagate Drive 500GB Drive Dying


    This drive is clearly on the way out, the Kernel knows it but I'm surprised that SMART is not concerned. I didn't blame Seagate for their past issues until now. This hard drive has hardly been used and has not even been powered on for a year according to SMART. Home page is http://smartmontools.sourceforge.net/ === START OF INFORMATION SECTION === Model Family: Seagate Barracuda 7200.11 Device........

  • Seagate 7200.11 firmware defect in 500GB, 1000GB (1TB) and 1500GB (1.5TB) Hard Drives


    Seagate Inventory/Firmware Check I heard about this issue a long time ago but never looked into it. I figured I wasn't affected since my 500GB drives were running for so long. I've been using Seagate's since 2002 and to this day all of the drives I have are alive from Seagate. *Update the bad news is that I realize one of my 500GB's is about to die, it's not even a year old, but is also not affected by the recall according to Seagate! Seagate Inventory/Firm........

  • Linux AHCI Hotswap Tips - Remember To Reread The Partition Table WITHOUT rebooting


    From the package "parted" you can use the command "partprobe" to re-read the partition table. I really hate rebooting, and that's what Iloved to hear about AHCI motherboards, that they allow hotswap so you don't have to reboot. But that's only as good as the OS, if the OS does not reload the partition table you won't be able to do anything with that new drive you attached without rebooting. Yes, even without re-reading the partiton table Linux will........

  • nginx - the ultimate load balancer


    You can find it for free at http://nginx.org/ I find nginx is simpler to setup than pound (it's not hard but I found it unintuitive and annoying), it seemed to make some basic setups overly complicated with the config file syntax. nginx on the other hand is perfectly suited in everyway, it is even simpler to setup and seems to be the most stable and most efficient any load balancer. I would go as far as to say that a good nginx setup is more relia........

  • Convert HDD/Hard Drive Partition(s) into non-RAID into RAID 1 using existing data without data loss and without reformatting.


    Before we start I take no responsibility for this, you should have a backup and if you make a mistake during this process you could wipe out all of your data. So backup somewhere else before starting this as a precaution, or make sure it's data you could afford to lose. The RAID 1 Setup (Hardware Wise) I've already setup my 2 x 1TB (Seagate) drives with identical partitions, make sure your new hard drive (the empty one) is setup like your curr........

  • Linux EXT3 16GB-17GB maximum filesize issue solved/how to fix


    I have no idea why but mkfs.ext3 defaults to a patheticlly small blocksize of 1024 bytes/1KB (kilobyte). That means the maximum filesize is ONLY 16GB! With 2KB/2048 bytes you get a 256 GB maximum filesize, and with 4KB/4096 bytes you get 2TB! I finally noticed/paid attention to this after realizing that with rsync and scp that no file larger than 17GB could be transferred. I then realized it must be a file size limit on the partition. Here is what tune2fs tol........

  • PDF File Conversion/Solution Using Imagemagick to create PDF files for free, quickly and efficiently


    I'm really starting to love ImageMagick, I've used it to mass convert/resize family photos with scripts and all kinds of handy things. Today I just learned that you can create PDF files with it too, say if you have images scanned or anything else it's very simple: convert *.jpeg output.pdf You can replace jpg with whatever format your files are in. One thing to remember is that you can specify the order that the images/pages are added to the PDF manu........

  • Picking an FTPD (vsftpd) Server in Linux Centos/Debian


    I decided on using yum to help me decide even though I normaly use proftpd I decided to see what else I could find. yum search ftp Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * rpmforge: ftp-stud.fht-esslingen.de * base: mirrors.netdna.com * updates: updates.interworx.info * addons: yum.singlehop.com * extras: mirrors.netdna.com rpmforge........

  • OpenVZ backup container to a single file while it's running using "vzdump"


    Proxmox has made this free utility to backup running OpenVZ containers. It's a great program which is actually just a PERL script but gets the job done. This program is not 100% required because all it really does is cp -a from your container's path as far as I know but it is still good to have uniformity to how you backup your containers. For RPM distros such as Centos/RHEL/Fedora etc.. download and install this: wget http://www.proxmox.com/cms_proxm........

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