• How to configure OpenDKIM on Linux with Postfix and setup bind zonefile


    This guide assumes you have a working Postfix server and want it to sign with DKIM. There are a few things we have to understand to make all of this work though, which require you to be familiar with DNS as well. 1.) Install OpenDKIM apt install opendkim systemctl enable opendkim 2.) Edit /etc/opendkim.conf Syslog yes SyslogSuccess yes Mode&nbs........
  • Debian Ubuntu 10/11/12 Linux how to get tftpd-hpa server setup tutorial


    apt install tftpd-hpa #change TFTP_ADDRESS to by setting address to 192.168.1.1:69 or the IP you need, otherwise it will listen on all IPs and interfaces which could be a security risk. # edit /etc/default/tftpd-hpa TFTP_USERNAME="tftp" TFTP_DIRECTORY="/srv/tftp" TFTP_ADDRESS="192.168.1.1:69" TFTP_OPTIONS="--secure"........
  • Linux Debian Mint Ubuntu Bridge br0 gets random IP


    This can break things easily in remove environments where it was normally easy to convert a normal eth0 to a bridge under br0, and that bridge would normally have the same MAC address by default, which is desirable for most situations. In Debian 11 this is different for some reason now. https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/681013/bridge-gets-random-mac-........
  • redis requirements


    sysctl vm.overcommit_memory=1 echo never > /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled echo 511 > /proc/sys/net/core/somaxconn 1:M 26 Nov 2023 21:34:33.840 # WARNING: The TCP backlog setting of 511 cannot be enforced because /proc/sys/net/core/somaxconn is set to the lower value of 128. 1:M 26 Nov 2023 21:34:33.840 # Server initialized 1:M 26 Nov 2023 21:34:33.840 # WARNING overcommit_memory is set to 0! Background sa........
  • isc-dhcp-server dhcpd how to get longer lease


    You can do a static lease that is tied to the MAC address but what a lot of users prefer is that they come into the office or lab the next day and that their device gets assigned the same IP address (if possible). As we can see in the dhcpd logs that there is threshold that is defaulted as we'll show later. Whatever the threshold is set at, if the lease is younger than the threshold, it will keep the same lease. In other words, if the device goes to sleep or is powered off........
  • zfs and LUKS how to recover in Linux


    Sometimes users take their removal drives and unplug and replug them to test what happens during the failure of a disk. However, this breaks things quite badly due to the /dev/mapper in LUKS not coming back online due to it not being closed. In other words, generally with non-encrypted drives the process is smooth but when encrypted you may want to follow a strategy like this: We can see below that both disks are unavailable as they were physically remov........
  • Save money on bandwidth by disabling reflective rpc queries in Linux CentOS RHEL Ubuntu Debian


    Even today we see a lot of servers that have different services and ports open for rpc and this creates not only potential inward vulnerabilities but perhaps more common, the abuse of your network resources in reflective rpc queries. To stop this problem, you should disable and remove all services relating to rpc or at least block all relevant ports for the service. Surprisingly, there are still some providers and OS installs in Linux that install these services and leave them........
  • ImageMagick error convert solution - convert-im6.q16: cache resources exhausted


    convert-im6.q16: DistributedPixelCache '127.0.0.1' @ error/distribute-cache.c/ConnectPixelCacheServer/244. convert-im6.q16: cache resources exhausted `/tmp/magick-27777Al6FGY7dhyKt10' @ error/cache.c/OpenPixelCache/3984. convert-im6.q16: DistributedPixelCache '127.0.0.1' @ error/distribute-cache.c/ConnectPixelCacheServer/244. convert-im6.q16: cache resources exhausted `/tmp/magick-277772Y_-pJnMdT2r1' @ error/cache.c/OpenPixelCache/3984. convert-im6.q16: Distr........
  • REFUSED unexpected RCODE resolving bind/named error


    Are you getting this error when trying to connect to a site/domain/service and then you checked your router/nameserver's logs to see what's wrong? You may see something like this: named[3025898]: REFUSED unexpected RCODE resolving This is not usually an error with named or bind, at least not on your end but NORMALLY this is an issue with the remote nameserver. A lot of times this is a misconfigured remote nameserver. A classi........
  • How To Stop DNSMasq from listening on all IPs/Interfaces and allow only localhost


    Some people find it less than intuitive to do on DNSMasq and by default DNSMasq is available on 0.0.0.0 which could even be your LAN or Public IP. Active Internet connections (servers and established) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name tcp ........
  • When is it time to leave your VPS/VDS Cloud Hosting Provider?


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  • 2024 Buyer's Guide: How to Choose and Buy the Best VPS/VDS for Your Needs - Tips and Strategies


    In today’s digital landscape, finding a reliable and secure Virtual Private Server (VPS) or Virtual Dedicated Server (VDS) goes beyond just comparing specs and prices. With increasing concerns over data privacy, security breaches, and government surveillance, the wisdom of choosing your VPS/VDS provider based on juri........
  • Postfix / sendmail config for DKIM, SPF and DMARC Tutorial Guide E-mail Delivery for Hotmail.com Gmail.com and More HowTo


    This will be the goto to help solve e-mail delivery issues and talk about many practical issues that happen between developers, admins and scripts that send e-mail and do things that may not be acceptable or cause deliverability problems. Sendmail Stuff Edit /etc/mail/sendmail.mc The problem is that if you send directly out from the server using the mail function, the Return-path of the e-mails will be username@thehostnameoftheserver.com. Let........
  • Install Grafana on Linux Debian Ubuntu Tutorial Guide


    First we need a few extra packages: apt update apt install -y adduser libfontconfig1 musl sudo wget https://dl.grafana.com/enterprise/release/grafana-enterprise_10.3.1_amd64.deb Install / Enable Grafana dpkg -i grafana-enterprise_10.3.1_amd64.deb dpkg -i grafana-enterprise_10.3.1_amd64.deb (Reading database ... 44309 files and directories currently installed.) Preparin........
  • Proxmox install issue cannot see the buttons or install wrong / bad resolution cannot see the entire screen problem solution


    If you are using a hypervisor to test Proxmox (eg. Vbox) then changing the video card/display adapter can fix it. For example VboxSVGA causes the issue but switching to VMSVGA fixes it. For example VboxSVGA causes the issue but switching to VMSVGA fixes it. ........
  • How To Upgrade Debian 8,9,10 to Debian 12 Bookworm


    Step 1.) Upgrade to Debian 11 first The process to go to Debian 12 is not as smooth as 11, when trying to upgrade from Debian 10. In fact, it doesn't work directly, so you'll first need to follow this guide to update to Debian 11, reboot and come back here if successful. Step 2.) Update sources.list Update your /etc/apt/sources.list like this: deb http://........
  • Linux dhcp dhclient Mint Redhat Ubuntu Debian How To Use Local Domain DNS Server Instead of ISPs


    If you are running a local DNS server like named/bind and don't want to use the ISPsupplied DNS servers that are announced via a DHCP request (using dhclient) then the solution is simple. The reason should be obvious, but normally running your own DNS server will provide a more reliable, and fast DNS response and you won't have to worry about filtering as much (unless your upstream filters or proxies outgoing DNS requests). Edit /etc/dhcp/dhclient.conf........
  • Docker dockerd swarm high CPU usage cause solution


    If you have swarm services and dockerd is creating a high load even with the containers just being idle, the easiest solution is to upgrade to a newer docker version. For example an identical config of 3 nodes, with Redis 5 with 30 replicas produces a load of about 1.45 in Debian 10 with Docker18.09.1 If I create the same setup on Debian 11, with Docker 20.10.5+dfsg1 then the CPU usage is low. One other difference I wondered is the kernel. In my test setup........
  • apache2 httpd apache server will not start [pid 22449:tid 139972160445760] AH00052: child pid 23248 exit signal Aborted (6) solution Mint Debian Ubuntu Redhat


    If you get this error, it is often because you have configured Apache with modules that weren't actually installed. Eg. you try to load the PHPmodule but didn't actually install the apache2 php module, so the server can't start. In general, this error can often be caused by issues with problematic modules and/or Apache being configured for modules that have not actually be installed (eg. libapache2-mod-php) is missing. The above results in this less than obv........
  • How to use the FTDI USB serial cable to RJ45 adapter to connect to the console on Cisco/Juniper Switch Router Firewall in Linux Ubuntu Debian Redhat


    This should work for most console ports of other manufacturers too. It is a quick and simple method for emegencies or deploying a few appliances/devices in a non-standard environment or small environment. However, if this is a route thing, or the equipment is not physically close to you, it would be best to use some sort of "Terminal" server which is an IP connected switch with several serial ports built-in for this purpose. Normally they accessible by web/........
  • How To Setup Python3 in Ubuntu Docker Image for AI Deep Learning


    The issue is that Docker images are stripped down, so many tools and even python3 is missing, so you'll have to build or update the actual image yourself. I assume you have started an image with something like this and that you have the Nvidia Toolkit installed (assuming you are using GPUs). If you're not using nvidia just remove --runtime=nvidia --gpus all. docker run -it --runtime=nvidia --gpus all ubuntu bash These works for most images li........
  • Linux Ubuntu Mint how to check nameservers when /etc/resolv.conf disabled solution


    You'll notice that /etc/resolv.conf contains dire warners on most Linux Desktops. # This file is managed by man:systemd-resolved(8). Do not edit. # # This is a dynamic resolv.conf file for connecting local clients to the # internal DNS stub resolver of systemd-resolved. This file lists all # configured search domains. # # Run "resolvectl status" to see details about the uplink DNS servers # currently in use........
  • Linux How To Upgrade To The Latest Kernel Debian Mint Ubuntu


    How to check what kernel version you have/currently running? uname -rm 5.4.0-91-generic x86_64 The above shows us that we are running 5.4.0-91-generic on the x86_64 architecture. The safest way is to stick with the same flavor eg if you're on generic, and say on kernel 5.4.0 then it makes sense to follow what is below. However, if you are migrating or dual booting between newer hardware (eg. you got a........
  • How To Add Multiple SSH Keys Ubuntu Mint Linux Debian Redhat


    By default if you create a private key for SSH, it will create something like .ssh/id_rsa Linux will always search for and offer this key when connecting to servers. If you put extra keys in your .ssh directory like id_rsa_realtechtalk.com, they will be ignored by default and NOT used or offered (you can verify this with ssh -v) and see it is not being offered. Here is how you add the extra SSH keys so they are all offered: #this gives........
  • How to upgrade to the latest Python version on Linux Ubuntu Debian Mint 3.11


    A lot of developers want to go to 3.11 because of the speed improvements, but most distros never have the latest Python version. Using the deadsnakes third party repo is the easiest way aside from compiling it yourself (which is safer and recommended): Step 1 - Add the repo apt-add-repository ppa:deadsnakes/ppa If you get an error about requests then install it:........
  • How to install and configure haproxy on Linux Ubuntu Debian


    haproxy is one of the best known and widely used Open Source load balancers out there and a strong competitor to nginx. haproxy is used by many large sites per Wikipedia: HAProxy is used by a number of high-profile websites including GoDaddy, GitHub,........
  • PXE-E23 Error BOOTx64.EFI GRUB booting is 0 bytes tftp pxe dhcp solution NBP filesize is 0 Bytes


    Be very careful about what filename you specify in dhcpd.conf if you get an error like this: NBP filesize is 0 Bytes PXE-E23:Client received TFTP error from server. If you specify "BOOTx64.efi" then the file had better not be called "BOOTx64.EFI" as it is case sensitive. It's really a case of th........
  • RHEL 8 CentOS 8, Alma Linux 8, Rocky Linux 8 System Not Booting with RAID or on other servers/computers Solution for dracut and initramfs missing kernel modules


    This seems to have changed for RHEL 8 where a normal dracut to update your initramfs creates a system that only boots for the running kernel. For example if you have Kernel 5 and then chroot into a RHEL 8 variant which uses kernel 4.18, and run dracut, it seems that by default the system will be unbootable. It is also the case that if you move your RAID array or drives to another server that it will be unbootable, because dracut seems to only include modules needed for the curre........
  • Virtualbox Best Networking Mode In Lab/Work Environment without using NAT Network or Bridged


    Virtualbox is a very powerful tool, but for some use cases it is less than optimal. Say you are in a work, lab or other environment where you are not alone on the physical network and there could be overlap of IPs, but you need all of your VMs to be contactable from your host, VMs need to communicate with each other, and VMs need internet. NAT Network will give you VM to VM communication and internet, however, it is buggy and unstable. It also doesn't allow host to VM co........
  • Grandstream Phone Vulnerability Security Issue Remote Backdoor Connection to 207.246.119.209:3478


    Have you checked your router/firewall logs and disconcertingly see connections to an unknown IP207.246.119.209:3478 from your Grandstream VOIPphones? You're not alone and the Grandstream forums have discussed this issue. However, even their own staff d........
  • Linux How to Check Which NIC is Onboard eth0 or eth1 Ubuntu Centos Debian Mint


    So say you happen to have 2 NICs of the exact same chipset, they will generally show up as the same name, with possibly a different revision in lspci. Normally this is not an issue if you have a server with 4 NICs, generally the eth0 to eth3 appears from left to the right (or right to left on some vendors) so it doesn't take much figuring out. Generally if you have different chipsets for different NICs, it should be easy to know which one is eth0 or the first NIC in the OS.........
  • Dell PowerEdge Server iDRAC Remote KVM/IP Default Username, Password Reset and Login Information Solution


    Are you new to the company, datacenter or a third party who is responsible for deploying a fleet of servers from scratch. The first step is to normally login to the KVM so you can perhaps manually reinstall, PXE boot the Cloud Image or reimage/reinstall an OS but you need access to the KVM/IP or what Dell calls iDRAC. It's common that you may have forgotten this information or that another employee or colleague has changed the info and did not tell you, that they have left the........
  • Nvidia Tesla GPUs K40/K80/M40/P40/P100/V100 at home/desktop hacking, cooling, powering, cable solutions Tutorial AIO Solutions


    Do you have access to some old Tesla GPUs and want to try them at home in your Desktop or old Server? Some people have wanted to try these units for gaming but keep in mind they have no video out port, they were only meant for AI applications such as Deep Learning. The easiest way by far is to choose an AIservice that has everything ready to go, perhaps with a bunch of Docker or Kubernetes containers. This can be done with Cloud services like Google, Amazon and many........
  • Translating "cisco" ...domain server (255.255.255.255) Cisco Router/Switch Solution


    If you are in enable mode and make a typo, the router will treat it as a domain name and try to resolve it, and if it can't resolve it, you'll have to wait until it times out. Here's how to solve the Translating domain server error in Cisco Enter this in config mode: no ip domain-lookup Be sure to sav........
  • Error opening tftp://10.0.2.2/network-confg (Permission denied) - How To Fix Cisco Router Switch Error Solution Console


    How To Fix This Cisco Switch/Router Error %Error opening tftp %Error opening tftp://10.0.2.2/network-confg (Permission denied) %Error opening tftp://10.0.2.2/cisconet.cfg (Permission denied) %Error opening tftp://10.0.2.2/router-confg (Permission denied) %Error opening tftp://10.0.2.2/ciscortr.cfg (Permission denied) %Error opening tftp://10.0.2.2/network-confg (Perm........
  • CentOS 7 / 8 cannot boot with with mdadm RAID array solution


    This article about migrating to a CentOS 7 /8 RAID mdadm array has a lot of info but I wanted to focus specifically on what newer versions of CentOS 7 require to boot mdadm and what changes are necessary on CentOS 7.8+ CentOS 7 / 8 mdadm RAID booting requirements This assumes you are chrooting into an existing install or using it to get a new deployment ready. However, these steps can........
  • Loaded: masked (Reason: Unit hostapd.service is masked.) Solution in Linux Debian Mint Ubuntu


    If you are getting this error from systemctl "Loaded: masked (Reason: Unit hostapd.service is masked.)" we need to unmask the service. Solution systemctl unmask hostapd Removed /etc/systemd/system/hostapd.service. It's fixed root@routerOS:/var/log# systemctl start hostapd root@routerOS:/var/log# systemctl status hostapd ● hostapd.service - Access point and authentication server for Wi-Fi and Ethern........
  • amdgpu AMD GPU Xorg Won't Start [3576284.324] (EE) Segmentation fault at address 0x0 [3576284.325] (EE) Fatal server error: [3576284.325] (EE) Caught signal 11 (Segmentation fault). Server aborting


    Here is how Ifixed it on a Mint/Ubuntu install 1.) First download the latest AMDGPU-Pro driver from here: https://www.amd.com/en/support Navigate to your relevant video card: 2.) Download the installer One issue is that by default they give you a version for the latest version of........
  • How To Tell Which Repository a Package Comes From Debian Mint Ubuntu


    Just use apt-cache policy to find the repo of a package: apt-cache policy lxd lxd: Installed: 3.0.3-0ubuntu1~18.04.2 Candidate: 3.0.3-0ubuntu1~18.04.2 Version table: *** 3.0.3-0ubuntu1~18.04.2 500 500 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/main amd64 Packages &nb........
  • Debian Ubuntu Mint DHCP dhclient quits and how to make it persistent if first attempt to get DHCP lease fails


    Debian based OS's have a similar issue as the behavior in RHEL/CentOS dhclient, which is that if you have an interface that relies on DHCP, if the first attempt fails, it will quit and stop. This is a problem especially if you are using your Linux as a router or something else mission critical, but where the internet for some reason may have been down or the DHCP server it gets a lease from broken. The expected behavior you would hope is that when things are back online that the........
  • ssh Too many authentication failures not prompting for password


    If you get this error when trying to SSHto a device or machine and you never even got a password prompt: Too many authentication failures This means that either the remote side is configured for key auth only, OR your client side may be attempting to auth using mulitple keys, and that exceeds the amount of attempted authorizations on the remote ssh server. If the issue is trying to auth too many times which ssh defaults to sending the keys to, you ca........
  • How To Do Linux Network Bonding Teaming in Mint Debian Ubuntu


    Bonding is an excellent way to get both increased redundancy and throughput. It is similar to the "Network Teaming" feature in Windows. There are a few different modes but we will use mode 6, I think it's the best of both worlds, as it is not just a failover, but it provides round robin, so you will get redundancy and load balancing. So if you have a 1G single port, you will have a combined throughput of 4G at this point. Just bear in mind that the true thr........
  • GlusterFS HowTo Tutorial For Distributed Storage in Docker, Kubernetes, LXC, KVM, Proxmox


    This can be used on almost anything, since Gluster is a userspace tool, based on FUSE. This means that all Gluster appears as to any application is just a directory. Applications don't need specific support for Gluster, so long as you can tell the application to use a certain directory for storage. One application can be for redundant and scaled storage, including for within Docker and Kubernetes, LXC, Proxmox, OpenStack, etc or just your image/web/video files or even da........
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    freshclam ClamAV update process started at Sun Mar 20 00:30:50 2022 WARNING: Your ClamAV installation is OUTDATED! WARNING: Local version: 0.100.3 Recommended version: 0.103.5 DON'T PANIC! Read https://www.clamav.net/documents/upgrading-clamav main.cld is up to date (version: 62, sigs: 6647427, f-level: 90, builder: sigmgr) WARNING: getpatch: Can't download daily-26337.cdiff from db.local.clamav.net WARNING:........
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    There is a random bug that sometimes occurs with Vbox NAT mode DNS, although it has never happened in the past and Vbox was working fine until recently. The symptom is that you can see it does get an IP+ DNS from the Vbox NAT DHCP. Below we use resolvectl dns and verify the DNS server is set to 10.0.2.3 which is the DNS from Vbox NAT. We can ping it but it does not respond to any DNS requests when we use dig @10.0.2.3 realtechtalk.com........
  • Docker Tutorial HowTo Install Docker, Use and Create Docker Container Images Clustering Swarm Mode Monitoring Service Hosting Provider


    The Best Docker Tutorial for Beginners We quickly explain the basic Docker concepts and show you how to do the most common tasks from starting your first container, to making custom images, a Docker Swarm Cluster Tutorial, docker compose and Docker buildfiles.........
  • How To Reset Windows Server Password 2019, 2022, 7, 8, 10, 11 Recovery and Removal Guide Using Linux Ubuntu Mint Debian


    This was done on Mint 20 but works the same on nearly any new Linux, but is only recommended for people comfortable or familiar with Linux. This method will work on almost all versions of Windows from NT, 2000, 2003 Server, 2008 Server, 2012 Server, 2016 Server, 2019 Server, 2022 Server, XP, Vista, 7, 8, 10 and 11. However, if you want the easiest solution to........
  • How To Create OpenVPN Server for Secure Remote Corporate Access in Linux Debian/Mint/Ubuntu with client public key authentication


    Why choose OpenVPN instead of a firewall appliance? OpenVPN can be a reliable and easy replacement for traditional hardware or just be an additional tool that your company uses so that the firewall can focus on its job rather than acting as a VPNappliance at the same time. When comparing OpenVPN with traditional firewal........
  • HongKong VPS Server, Cloud, Dedicated Server, Co-Location, Datacenter The Best Guide on Hong Kong, China Internet IT/Computing


    In our 2024 VPS Server/Cloud Buyer's Guide, we place the location of your VPS/hosting/server as one of the priorities that is often overlooked. 2024 Update - Datacent........
  • Wazuh / OSSEC Install and Configuration Howto Tutorial Guide for Monitoring Agents SIEM


    How To Install Wazuh Server / Quickest Installation Wazuh (forked from the well known OSSEC project) is a full SIEM (Security Information Event Management) that works extremely well with the platforms it natively supports as an "Agent", which allows you to do scans of everything such as all processes running, CVE vulnerability check, incident reporting etc... Prerequisites: A lot of issues with Wazuh seem to be caused by i........
  • Ansible Tutorial - Playbook How To Install From Scratch and Deploy LAMP + Wordpress on Remote Server


    1. Let's work from an environment where we can install Ansible on. If you are using an older version of Linux based on Mint 18 or Ubuntu 16, you may want to get the PPA and get the latest version of Ansible that way: sudo apt install gpg sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ansible/ansible sudo apt update........
  • pulseaudio issue on QEMU/KVM guest VM when microphone is replugged/unplugged pulseaudio: pa_threaded_mainloop_lock failed pulseaudio: Reason: Invalid argument


    Here is the scenario, you are using QEMU/KVM and are using something like the AC97 sound driver to pass the host audio to the guest via pulseaudio. This is useful because you can transparently pass your mic input from the host which means you can mute your microphone from the host, which prevents the guest from receiving any mic input even if unmuted. Mute / Unmute Fix This issue also seems to happen even if you press the mute button on the microphone and then unmute,........
  • Ubuntu Linux Mint - Volume Control Stopped Working


    Volume control will often stop working, if your sound server (normally pulseaudio) dies or restarts whether by itself or by you. The reason pulseaudio may need to be restarted is due to some sort of crash or other issue that prevents sound from working (normally restarting or doing a killall pulseaudio fixes things). However, you will normally find at least in OS's like Ubuntu/Mint 16/18+ that you cannot control the volume whether adjusting the level, changing input/outputs and........
  • How to install Kubernetes with microk8s and deploy apps on Debian/Mint/Ubuntu Linux


    Kubernetes Easy Beginners Architecture Guide Kubernetes is known as container orchestration and we should start at explaining the container part of it. A Container is what runs the actual application and based on an Image, and are more comparable to something like an LXC Container, Virtuozzo/OpenVZ using the Linux Kernel Namespaces feature. Containers run these images as independent, isolated operating environments under the OS's exist........
  • Cisco Howto Configure Console Port/Terminal/Comm Server with Async Cable Setup


    This assumes that you've already installed the relevant HWIC cards eg. Cisco Asynchronous Serial NIM These are essentially cards that you install into your router, once installed you connect an Async cable to one of the ports on the card which normally gives you 8 console cables and are normally labelled 1 through 8. You connect all of the cables to the devices you need (even non-Cisco devices) whether switches, routers or firewalls, they will usually work. The real m........
  • SSH cannot connect to old servers/devices/switches/routers/Cisco/Juniper Unable to negotiate with 192.168.20.2 port 22: no matching key exchange method found. Their offer: diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha1,diffie-hellman-group14-sha1,diffie-hell


    A lot of older devices either support telnet or very old SSH keyx algorithms which are insecure and disabled by all newer/modern SSH clients for security reasons. However, sometimes you may be on a LAN via VPNor some other secured network or for whatever reason, absolutely, need to connect to this device and sometimes old/embedded devices may not be possible to update to a newer SSH server. If you run into this you may be using a modern/newer SSH client and get thi........
  • Unable to mount location Failed to retrieve share list from server: Connection timed out - Samba/Linux Filesharing Not working Ubuntu Mint Linux Solution


    So you're trying to browse to a properly configured Samba share but you get this error: Unable to mount location Failed to retrieve share list from server: Connection timed out If your config is right, it can be due to a protocol miss-match where your client has not enabled SMB3 but by default the other side (server) has enabled it. You can test this out to see with the smbclient tool........
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    Just a quick note and warning is that if you are testing to see if EFIPXE booting works on a VM, MAKE SURE it actually works. For example Iinitially tested using my Distro's QEMU 2.5+dfsg-5ubuntu10.46 and ovmf BIOS firmware (OVMF supports EFI). However, I found on old versions of QEMU (like 2.5), EFIbooting with GRUB NEVER works so it may appear that you have made a mistake when everything is fine when you boot a physi........
  • Debian, Mint Ubuntu how to remove package and associated config files


    If you want to start fresh a lot of people falsely assume that an apt remove and then reinstall or apt --reinstall install package will start you off fresh. To be sure and remove all associated config files do the below with the example of ssh server (don't remove it though if you actually use it!) The key below is using the --purge flag or apt-get purge proftpd (eg sudo apt --purge remove packagename) apt purge proftpd; apt install proftpd........
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    Many people may not be aware that you can turn commodity hardware into a Mikrotik OS and there are various options which is "CHR" (Cloud Hosted Router) which is a VMimage meant for Virtualization only (seriously, I've tried to dd the image to a physical server and it just crashed as it does not contain any drivers for physical). One note as well if you are trying to do a baremetal install you may get an error "Error Loading Operating System" or........
  • How To Replace Audio Track of Video using ffmpeg


    A very common use case is that you don't want to waste time using a video editor that requires you to open it up and manually import the video clip and audio clip, then manually delete the old audio track and import the video and new audio. That's too much work and time since we don't want to go through the hassle. ffmpeg is our solution, all we have to do is specify 3 variables and we're done! -i Windows2019-Server-Noaudio.mp4 is our in........
  • How To Password Reset, Recover, Bypass, Remove and Unlock on Windows 10,8,7,Vista,XP,NT,2000,2003,2008,2012,2016,2019 Administrative Login Programs


    If you've come here, don't be embarraassed, working in IT, this is the MOST common computer problem that almost everyone will encounter. The reason why I'm doing this post is because I've seen an increase from colleagues and admins having this problem and many times it's not even your fault. A common scenario is that someone acquires a new or used computer which they weren't given the password for. Fortunately Ihave a detailed list of all the options whether free or pa........
  • mdadm how to stop a check


    Is a mdadm check on your trusty software RAID array happening at the worst time and slowing down your server or NAS? cat /proc/mdstat Personalities : [raid1] [raid10] md127 : active raid10 sdb4[0] sda4[1] 897500672 blocks super 1.2 2 near-copies [2/2] [UU] [==========>..........] check = 50.4% (452485504/897500672) finish=15500.3min speed=478K/sec ........
  • How To Get Started on Ubuntu with gpt-2 OpenAI Text Prediction


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    yum -y install samba vi /etc/samba/smb.conf https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/boot/syslinux/syslinux-6.03.zip mkdir syslinux;cd syslinux;unzip syslinux-6.03.zip mkdir -p /tftpboot/libs/ cp bios/com32/modules/linux.c32 /tftpboot/libs/ cp bios/com32/libutil/libutil.c32 /tftpboot/libs/ cp bios/com32/lib/libcom32.c32 /tftpboot/libs/ #add lib path echo "PATH libs" >> /tftpboot/pxeli........
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  • Ubuntu 9.04 Crash


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    I have an md0 arary that my Centos install refers to. I feel this is half the reason why it won't boot anymore. I saw the initrd for Centos was assembling it as md127 even though it was known as md0. The reason for this is because I used mdadm --assemble --scan to detect the array on a LiveCD. I had no idea this name would stick (but now I realize the name is permanently stored in the metadata once you mount md127 or whatever random name assemble gives it). W........
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  • MySQL Server wouldn't start


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  • MySQL Server 3.23 won't start after switching from 4.1


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    Server Uptime ScriptA cool and free tool for uptime! http://checkwebsite.org/........
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    Basic Port ListingHopefully someone finds this useful or at least interesting. http://www.sans.org/top20/#u9 Name Port Protocol Description Small services ........
  • Clustering Links


    Clustering LinksI thought this might be interesting for people with spare time. [b:6423c19973]Great clustering article from Linux Mag[/b:6423c19973] http://www.linux-mag.com/2003-11/clusters_01.html [b:6423c19973]General Linux cluster information[/b:6423c19973] http://www.gdargaud.net/Hack/ClusterNotes.html#HighA http://www.faqs.org/docs/Linux-HOWTO/Cluster-HOWTO.html#s3 http://www.yolinux.com/TUTORIALS/LinuxClustersAndFileSys........
  • SATA Power cable for 1U Server Solutions - Rosewill 8" SATA Power Cable Model RC-8"-PW-4P-2SA


    NewEgg is one of the few companies that stocks this great right angle 1U SATA power cable. I've purchased some no-name ones and they face the wrong way (towards the bottom of the chassis) which makes it worse/impossible than standard SATA connectors. The price is high but if you're building a 1U server and want SATA disks and don't have much space (eg. the 1U Supermicro cases) then these are simply a must and........
  • pound a Linux Load Balance and Reverse Proxy


    I have played around with Pound a little bit. It is a reverse proxy and load balancer in one, and it can be used as only a reverse proxy if you like. It is very simple to configure as either, and Pound even senses if one of the systems is down and stops sending requests to the dead server. It supports SSL (but passes the request to the destination server unencrypted) and even the Apache log format. Pound is very simple, fast a........
  • auth/auth_util.c:make_server_info_sam(840) User nobody in passdb, but getpwnam() fails! - SAMBA/SMB Error How To Fix


    auth/auth_util.c:make_server_info_sam(840) User nobody in passdb, but getpwnam() fails! I never found the solution to this in the web, as usual so Ithought I'd post the fix. In plain English smbd is telling us that the user "nobody" does not exist in /etc/passwd. You can simply add this to your /etc/passwd file like so: nobody:x:65534:65534:nobody:/nonexistent:/sbin/nologin Now SAMBA/smbd should........
  • Create/Enable SSL Certificates for Apache on Linux/Unix Systems eg. Redhat,Centos,Debian


    Shortcut/Easiest Way To Create A Self-Signed Key: openssl req -new -x509 -nodes -days 1530 -out server.crt -keyout server.key Using the above, you instantly create a self-signed certificate valid for 1530 days and you can simply skip to step #5.) below. If You Need a Real SSLCertificate (eg. Equifax/Openssl) then you need to create a CSR request (you'll need to follow Steps 1.) and 2.) in order to create the CSR. You then upload the CSR Certi........
  • MySQL "Got error 28 from storage engine"


    I've gotten this error enough to bother posting about it, because I've come across so many servers where this happens, so what could "Error 28" possibly mean? Is your database corrupt, or is this a sign of a RAID failure/corruption or even worse, bad blocks on a clients system who has no RAID and never took backups? No, check your free blocks, it simply means you have no space. This was the result of a script that was overzealous and backed up the entire database........
  • How to Track Down/Find Cause of Linux high disk iowait/wa


    top - 09:34:12 up 2 days, 20:57, 2 users, load average: 1.83, 1.99, 2.03 Tasks: 59 total, 2 running, 57 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie Cpu(s): 0.3%us, 0.0%sy, 0.0%ni, 0.0%id, 99.7%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st That 99.7% wa is iowait, it means the server is waiting for a process to complete an IOoperation or in plain English, there is a delay in........
  • Mysqld Solution - Can't init databases /usr/libexec/mysqld: Can't read dir of '/tmp/' (Errcode: 13) /usr/libexec/mysqld: Can't create/write to file '/tmp/ibyP1qUC' (Errcode: 13) 100215 7:02:24 InnoDB: Error: unable to create temporary file; errno


    100215 07:02:24 mysqld started /usr/libexec/mysqld: Can't read dir of '/tmp/' (Errcode: 13) /usr/libexec/mysqld: Can't create/write to file '/tmp/ibyP1qUC' (Errcode: 13) 100215 7:02:24 InnoDB: Error: unable to create temporary file; errno: 13 100215 7:02:24 [ERROR] Can't init databases 100215 7:02:24 [ERROR] Aborting 100215 7:02:24 [Note] /usr/libexec/mysqld: Shutdown complete 100215 07:02:........
  • The power of passive vs air cooling. Small fans make a world of difference.


    I bought a Dynatron A46G for my AMD X4 620 AM3 Quad Core CPU. Just judging by touch, the stock OEM fan/heatsink combo kept things so cool, I could leave the 1U server on the floor and it barely felt warm to the touch, including the heatsink itself. I thought the Dynatron A46G would be enough with passive cooling (it has no fan), but the same setup became burning hot on the underside of the server and also by touching the heatsink itself within minutes. I thought that th........
  • Tyan S2735-8M Maximum Hard Drive Limit/Not Working/Doesn't work with 1TB 1000GB hard drives


    Inever saved any of the logs, but basically no matter what OS (Linux)I used, I could not get my 1000GB hard drive to work (Seagate SATA). The BIOS recognizes the drive and fdisk -l shows the hard drive as it should. The tricky thing is that different OS's will give you different results, but don't be fooled. You can't use these larger drives for long. Iwas getting all kinds of seek/IOerrors and also messages that the port could not be read.........
  • Tyan S2735-8M motherboard/Rackable Systems 1u Server 100mbit NIC not working even when enabled in the BIOS


    Itried everything Icould think of, and of course even with the NIC enabled in the BIOS nothing was working. The light would flash when you plugin the cable for a second, but that's all. Due to another issue I'm about to post about (server is not compatible with 1TB/1000Gig Hard Drives), I updated the BIOS. I didn't even know the 100mbit NICs were not working untilI decided I should test each NIC one by one. Inoticed that only 1 server out of........
  • Unixbench Score with Glusterfs/Openvz & Quad Core Xeon


    This is very disappointing since GlusterFS markets itself as a solution to deploy VPS servers on. On the HNitself I get a Unixbench of about 360. I'm also using an SSH tunnel to secure the communications, but even before that, things seemed very slow. # # # # # # # #####&n........
  • Linux/Unix Open SSH Login Without Password Key Exchange including Debian, Redhat, Fedora, Ubuntu, BSD etc..


    In those 4 simple commands you can setup mutual key exchange between two sshservers by using a single login shell session and single window. *Just change the IP address examples of (10.10.0.2) to the target of your mutual key exchange. It doesn't matter if the server is on a LANor WAN(well unless the server is behind a firewall and you cannot SSHinto it).........
  • [error] server reached MaxClients setting, consider raising the MaxClients setting - Apache


    Have you ever seen this dreaded message in your Apache/HTTPD /var/log/httpd/error_log? [error] server reached MaxClients setting, consider raising the MaxClients setting The error itself is slightly misleading. Ibelieve this happened to one of my servers, I found Apache was running still, and that you could telnet to port 80 but no respnose would be given. For some reason my error log initially did not have the above error, but after a restart I saw........
  • Have an OpenVZ VPS/Linux Virtual Private Server and nothing works right?


    A VPS Server I had just wasn't working right, code that I migrated there just wasn't working. For example, it kept telling me the connection to the database was unsuccessful, halfway through iterating through results it already had. Then I realized it wasn't my code. Ichecked my /proc/user_beancounters and found this: cat /proc/user_beancounters Version: 2.5 uid resource held maxheld barrier limit failcnt........
  • MySQL Restoring And Dumping/Backing UP MySQL Data/Tables/Databases


    Backing MySQL Databases Backing Up/Dumping All Mysql Databases To A Single File mysqldump --all-databases -u admin -p > allmysqldatabases.sql The "-all-databases" clause is pretty obvious isn't it? It means that it will backup all databases. The "-u admin" means login using the user "admin", if you h........
  • iPhone 3GS Jailbreak Information & Benefits


    Truly, the only way to unleash the capabilities and customization abilities of iPhone are to jailbreak, it's not just for hackers anymore. A few days ago someone by the named of "geohot" released a single click application called "purplera1n", which does the entire operation smoothly and seamlessly. In our case, the first time it went as far as "done, wait for reboot" on our Windows machine and for minutes we waited and saw the pic on the iPhone w........
  • iPhone 3GS 32GB "Harsh Review"


    Yes, Iadmit I finally got bitten by the hype as much as I can usually see through it all. Keep in mind this review is of the "stock" phone, no jailbreaking yet which is what really unleashes the customizability and whyI bought iPhone. I had better things to say about this phone before buying it, and it is a great phone, perhaps the best on the market by far, if not because of the Mac OS port onto the iPhone and all the apps, etc, etc. With that said........
  • SSH Server Slow/Lagged/Delayed Login Response


    This is really something the SSHServer developers should consider. The cause of this annoyance is because of failed DNS lookups on your IPaddress, which is especially common for many dedicated/col-located servers and also computers on internal NAT/private networks. The chances are this is the cause of your SSHSlow/Delayed Login problems. The easy solution to SSH Login Problems Edit /etc/ssh/sshd_config Add this line to disable r........
  • OCFS2 crash


    When trying to even cd or ls the mounted OCFS2 partition it crashes. Ithink this is a combination of VMWare Server's problem and the way I mounted and symlinked to it. More than anything this shows the problem and lack of forsight with VMWare, but also that OCFS2 is easily crashed if you do strange things. Output of /var/log/messages for OCFS2 Apr 10 15:57:45 localhost kernel: [84331.691258] Modules linked in: vmnet vmci vmmon ocfs2_stac........
  • Samba SMB Error - Server not using user level security and no password supplied. tree connect failed: NT_STATUS_WRONG_PASSWORD


    Server not using user level security and no password supplied. tree connect failed: NT_STATUS_WRONG_PASSWORD That happens when trying to use smbclient to connect to a share. The weird thing is that I can authnenticate just fine from Windows XP. It is partially my mistake, I forgot this share does have a password. I've tried authenticating with the correct user and also with "Guest" because this works in Windows. In Linux I ........
  • Viewing and Connecting to an SMB Samba Share on Windows/Linux/Unix


    This will give you the basic info needed to browse and connect to Samba shares from the command line. From the GUI of Gnome or KDE etc, it is pretty standard and straight forward. However, I've found very little guides on how to do it from the command line and if you're like me, a nerd who prefers command line for its simplicity and for remote use, this is the way to go. First get a list of all the Samba/SMB shares on the target. smbclient -L hostname........
  • 1U Servers are Loud - We Have The Quiet Solution


    I've read a lot of people complaining that their 1U servers are too loud for the office, home or whatever strange places people might want to put them. Whenever Isee the question asked, "what can be done about the noise", you'll see a myriad of silly answers like "you shouldn't have it at home or in your office at all", "1U servers are meant to be loud". These all might be valid points but they're not the solution. A good example is a........
  • Rackable Systems and their Microslice Clustered 1U Servers


    Ithink there has been a lot of negative press towards Rackable Systems. We will give their new solution credit that it is marketed very well, and comes prepackaged and ready to go. But let's cut through the hype of both sides, the people who love this concept and the people who hate it. What Rackable Systems have done is a first, to minimize space, power and costs into small servers. This is great, and many companies have already built their own servers based........
  • BIND/NAMED woes


    Feb 5 01:39:33 server named[19768]: zone myzone.com/IN: serial number (12331465) received from master 127.0.0.2#53 < ours (200901281) The above is taken from /var/log/messages This can be annoying, it can happen for a variety of reasons. What seems to be happening here is that the slave realizes the time on the slave is ahead of the master, so it therefore assumes it has the most up to date copy and won't actually transfer the zone. The solutio........
  • ENOM Major Outage


    At this time we can't resolve Enom's website and all DNS requests to their 4 primary name servers are failing, although the hostnames themselves still resolve: Name Server: DNS1.NAME-SERVICES.COM Name Server: DNS2.NAME-SERVICES.COM Name Server: DNS3.NAME-SERVICES.COM Name Server: DNS4.NAME-SERVICES.COM Name Server: DNS5.NAME-SERVICES.COM You would really think Enom, bein........
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