• efibootmgr: option requires an argument -- 'd' efibootmgr version 15 grub-install.real: error: efibootmgr failed to register the boot entry: Operation not permitted.


    This sometimes happens when trying to install the EFIversion of grub to a device when you are booted into Legacy/MBR mode. It doesn't seem to occur on all machines, but some and seems somewhat BIOS dependent. grub-install --target=x86_64-efi /dev/sda Installing for x86_64-efi platform. grub-install.real: warning: Couldn't find physical volume `(null)'. Some modules may be missing from core image.. grub-install.real: warning: Couldn't find physica........
  • redis requirements


    sysctl vm.overcommit_memory=1 echo never > /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled echo 511 > /proc/sys/net/core/somaxconn 1:M 26 Nov 2023 21:34:33.840 # WARNING: The TCP backlog setting of 511 cannot be enforced because /proc/sys/net/core/somaxconn is set to the lower value of 128. 1:M 26 Nov 2023 21:34:33.840 # Server initialized 1:M 26 Nov 2023 21:34:33.840 # WARNING overcommit_memory is set to 0! Background sa........
  • How to kill a docker swarm


    Assign way more replicas than you have of memory on all nodes and watch the Swarm crash which can easily reproduce in a small VMfor testing. root@Deb11Docker01:~# docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAM........
  • docker swarm silly issues


    The error below can be caused by a gateway that is unpingable: docker swarm join --token SWMTKN-1-1kogg8da68gtb1j7ezaddowyy9s0an5s9tue758o20k18liskw-5h3f61hrrmv3u6agshvbtcklf 172.16.1.80:2377 Error response from daemon: manager stopped: can't initialize raft node: rpc error: code = Unknown desc = could not connect to prospective new cluster member using its advertised address: rpc error: code = DeadlineExceeded desc = context deadline exceeded........
  • nvidia cannot resume from sleep Comm: nvidia-sleep.sh Tainted: Linux Ubuntu Mint Debian


    This seems to happen in many different drivers but it happened more often in newer versions such as 530 vs 525. Then nvidia-modeset goes to 100% There are many reports of this appearing since driver 4.70 and I can confirm I've seen this in various machines. https://forums.de........
  • zfs and LUKS how to recover in Linux


    Sometimes users take their removal drives and unplug and replug them to test what happens during the failure of a disk. However, this breaks things quite badly due to the /dev/mapper in LUKS not coming back online due to it not being closed. In other words, generally with non-encrypted drives the process is smooth but when encrypted you may want to follow a strategy like this: We can see below that both disks are unavailable as they were physically remov........
  • How to access a disk with bad superblock Linux Ubuntu Debian Redhat CentOS ext3 ext4


    Have you ever tried mounting a partition that you exists but you get this error? mount: /mnt: can't read superblock on /dev/sda1. The superblock in this example was bad because the physical disk had corruption and bad blocks/sectors. However, the data was generally accessible and you can always try this trick below (with caution and no warranty). This is specifically for filesystems that place superblocks in multiple locations, which........
  • Docker Swarm vs Kubernetes Comparison Guide


    A lot of companies are unsure which solution to choose and many may not be aware of Docker Swarm as an alternative to Kubernetes. One thing that many Sysadmins find is that Docker Swarm is simply easier, quicker to setup and maintain by far than Kubernetes.........
  • When is it time to leave your VPS/VDS Cloud Hosting Provider?


    When Is It Time to Leave Your VPS, VDS, and Dedicated Server Provider? Choosing the right hosting solution—be it Virtu........
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    In today’s digital landscape, finding a reliable and secure Virtual Private Server (VPS) or Virtual Dedicated Server (VDS) goes beyond just comparing specs and prices. With increasing concerns over data privacy, security breaches, and government surveillance, the wisdom of choosing your VPS/VDS provider based on juri........
  • Postfix / sendmail config for DKIM, SPF and DMARC Tutorial Guide E-mail Delivery for Hotmail.com Gmail.com and More HowTo


    This will be the goto to help solve e-mail delivery issues and talk about many practical issues that happen between developers, admins and scripts that send e-mail and do things that may not be acceptable or cause deliverability problems. Sendmail Stuff Edit /etc/mail/sendmail.mc The problem is that if you send directly out from the server using the mail function, the Return-path of the e-mails will be username@thehostnameoftheserver.com. Let........
  • Linux how to get list of all timezones on system Ubuntu


    find /usr/share/zoneinfo/|sed s#"/usr/share/zoneinfo/"##g|grep "/"|grep -v posix|grep -v ^"Etc/"|grep -v ^right|grep -v ^"SystemV" Africa/Addis_Ababa Africa/Abidjan Africa/Blantyre Africa/Lusaka Africa/Casablanca Africa/Libreville Africa/Asmara Africa/Bujumbura Africa/Dakar Africa/Lagos Africa/Malabo Africa/Harare Africa/Kigali........
  • Proxmox install issue cannot see the buttons or install wrong / bad resolution cannot see the entire screen problem solution


    If you are using a hypervisor to test Proxmox (eg. Vbox) then changing the video card/display adapter can fix it. For example VboxSVGA causes the issue but switching to VMSVGA fixes it. For example VboxSVGA causes the issue but switching to VMSVGA fixes it. ........
  • How To Upgrade Debian 8,9,10 to Debian 12 Bookworm


    Step 1.) Upgrade to Debian 11 first The process to go to Debian 12 is not as smooth as 11, when trying to upgrade from Debian 10. In fact, it doesn't work directly, so you'll first need to follow this guide to update to Debian 11, reboot and come back here if successful. Step 2.) Update sources.list Update your /etc/apt/sources.list like this: deb http://........
  • Linux dhcp dhclient Mint Redhat Ubuntu Debian How To Use Local Domain DNS Server Instead of ISPs


    If you are running a local DNS server like named/bind and don't want to use the ISPsupplied DNS servers that are announced via a DHCP request (using dhclient) then the solution is simple. The reason should be obvious, but normally running your own DNS server will provide a more reliable, and fast DNS response and you won't have to worry about filtering as much (unless your upstream filters or proxies outgoing DNS requests). Edit /etc/dhcp/dhclient.conf........
  • apache2 httpd apache server will not start [pid 22449:tid 139972160445760] AH00052: child pid 23248 exit signal Aborted (6) solution Mint Debian Ubuntu Redhat


    If you get this error, it is often because you have configured Apache with modules that weren't actually installed. Eg. you try to load the PHPmodule but didn't actually install the apache2 php module, so the server can't start. In general, this error can often be caused by issues with problematic modules and/or Apache being configured for modules that have not actually be installed (eg. libapache2-mod-php) is missing. The above results in this less than obv........
  • How To Setup Python3 in Ubuntu Docker Image for AI Deep Learning


    The issue is that Docker images are stripped down, so many tools and even python3 is missing, so you'll have to build or update the actual image yourself. I assume you have started an image with something like this and that you have the Nvidia Toolkit installed (assuming you are using GPUs). If you're not using nvidia just remove --runtime=nvidia --gpus all. docker run -it --runtime=nvidia --gpus all ubuntu bash These works for most images li........
  • How to Configure NVIDIA GPUs with Docker on Ubuntu: A Comprehensive Guide for AI Deep Learning CUDA Solution


    Welcome to our in-depth guide on configuring NVIDIA GPUs with Docker on Ubuntu. This post is tailored for developers, data scientists, and IT professionals who are looking to leverage the power of NVIDIA's GPU acceleration within Docker containers. Whether you're working on machine lea........
  • ecryptfs how to manually encrypt your existing home directory or other directory


    Just in case, it is reocmmended to backup the original contents of the directory (especially your home dir) before proceeding. Setup ecryptfs Run this command: ecryptfs-setup-private It will ask you for your login password, this is so that when you login, everything is automatically decrypted by using a passphrase that is wrapped with your login. You can hit enter and leave things blank for an autogenerated passphrase (for mounting) or you can en........
  • Linux How To Upgrade To The Latest Kernel Debian Mint Ubuntu


    How to check what kernel version you have/currently running? uname -rm 5.4.0-91-generic x86_64 The above shows us that we are running 5.4.0-91-generic on the x86_64 architecture. The safest way is to stick with the same flavor eg if you're on generic, and say on kernel 5.4.0 then it makes sense to follow what is below. However, if you are migrating or dual booting between newer hardware (eg. you got a........
  • Linux how to keep command line bash process running if you are disconnected or need to logout of SSH remotely


    So you started a process or other important task that is remote but it is in the foreground and on a pts. This means if you background with Ctrl + Z or otherwise logout or get disconnected that the process will be stopped. Here is how you can solve the problem: 1.) Hit Ctrl + Z to suspend the process. 2.) Type bg to restore the process into the background. If you do a ps aux on the process you will see it was restored with the & at the end, which puts........
  • request_module: runaway loop modprobe binfmt-464c Kernel panic - not syncing: No init found Pid: 1, comm: swapper/0 Not tainted solution


    request_module: runaway loop modprobe binfmt-464c Kernel panic - not syncing: No init found Pid: 1, comm: swapper/0 Not tainted This is usually caused by a mismatch in architecture and happens frequently in development environments. Here is a example of what caused this issue: Your binaries are based on one architecture Your kernel was compiled with another architecture. Why does this happe........
  • ecryptfs how to change default mount location from Private Ubuntu Debian Centos How


    In a lot of distros like Debian, ecryptfs will mount itself in /home/yourusername/Private This is controlled by Private.mnt which may contain the mount path like this: /home/yourusername/Private Change the default mount location of ecryptfs by modifying this file: home/.ecryptfs/yourusername/.ecryptfs/Private.mnt After you unmount and relogin, you should find ecryptfs is now mo........
  • PXE-E23 Error BOOTx64.EFI GRUB booting is 0 bytes tftp pxe dhcp solution NBP filesize is 0 Bytes


    Be very careful about what filename you specify in dhcpd.conf if you get an error like this: NBP filesize is 0 Bytes PXE-E23:Client received TFTP error from server. If you specify "BOOTx64.efi" then the file had better not be called "BOOTx64.EFI" as it is case sensitive. It's really a case of th........
  • debootstrap how to install Ubuntu, Mint, Debian install


    In this example we install debian 10 with --variant=minbase which gives us a minimal/tiny install. Don't use variant if you want the full size install. mkdir /tmp/deb10files debootstrap --variant=minbase buster /tmp/deb10files/ Did you get an error? debootstrap --variant=minbase buster /home/theuser/VMs/deb10files/ You'll get this error if you make a directory in your home........
  • Linux How to Check Which NIC is Onboard eth0 or eth1 Ubuntu Centos Debian Mint


    So say you happen to have 2 NICs of the exact same chipset, they will generally show up as the same name, with possibly a different revision in lspci. Normally this is not an issue if you have a server with 4 NICs, generally the eth0 to eth3 appears from left to the right (or right to left on some vendors) so it doesn't take much figuring out. Generally if you have different chipsets for different NICs, it should be easy to know which one is eth0 or the first NIC in the OS.........
  • Stop ls in Linux Debian Mint CentOS Ubuntu from applying quotes around filenames and directory names


    Later versions of ls try to be helpful and smart to prevent errors in dealing with files with spaces that were tradtionally a pain. However if you need the raw/real filenames, this can break scripts or if you are pasting into a csv etc.... How do you make ls not add the quotes? Add the capital "-N" switch ls -N You could also add an alias to make it more permanent Do this to add it to ~/........
  • Generic IP Camera LAN Default IP Settings DVR


    If you are converting a generic wifi IP camera to ethernet, it may not be that simple as many are default hard coded to a static IP of 192.168.1.168 and login info admin/admin. From there you can login to the camera and assign it to DHCP by going to http://192.168.1.168 For security these cameras +DVR should be on a separate untagged VLAN or if possible a physically isolated non-internet connected switch/network. The reference below is applicable to many of the r........
  • Enable Turbo Mode for CPU Ubuntu Linux Mint Debian Redhat


    Sometimes due to your BIOS/EFI you may find that you have chosen "Energy Efficient" for your CPU which may effectively disable turbo mode. This is because "Energy Efficient" will often restrict or throttle your CPU to the base speed. This can impact nearly any CPU such as Intel's, AMDs, Opteron, Xeon etc... This is of course frustrating, for example if you have a CPU that is 2.0GHz base speed but turbo to 2.5GHz, you will never hit more than 2GHz.........
  • How To Change Storage Location in Docker.io


    It sounds intuitive that you may just move the /var/lib/docker dir to another location and symlink it back but it won't work and you'll get an error. How to move Docker Storage the Correct Way This assumes that you want to use /mnt/raid as the new location. 1.) Stop Docker systemctl stop docker 2.) Move /var/lib/docker mv /var/lib/docker /mnt/raid/ 3.) Edit the Docker daemon file Specify the path you wan........
  • RTL8812BU and RTL8822BU Linux Driver Ubuntu Setup Archer T3U Plus


    PCIID 2357:0138 First install your kernel headers/source: sudo apt install linux-headers-`uname -r` 1.) Clone this git repo git clone https://github.com/morrownr/88x2bu-20210702 2.) Run the install cd 88x2bu-20210702 ./install-driver.sh 3.) Load the driver mod........
  • grub blank screen how to manually boot kernel and initrd Linux Ubuntu Debian Centos won't boot solution


    You probably didn't do an "update-grub" and grub no longer has any proper menu entries, but before you can fix it let's try to get grub booting anyway. If you get this lovely black grub screen here's how you can get things booting. In my case I have a gpt partition with partition 1 and 2. Partion 1 is just my EFI / ESPand partion 2 /dev/sda2 is my root which includes /boot. You will have to adjust this if you had a separate /boot partition.........
  • How To Install convert MBR Legacy booting GRUB to EFI from a non-EFI Linux Environment Ubuntu Mint Debian


    1.) Create your EFI/ESP Partition If you happen to have some free space on the drive already then this is easy, just create a new partition of at least 100M. The nice thing about the EFI spec is that it must just be in the first 2.2TB of space so for most users, it means you can simply resize the last partition(downsize it by 100M) and then add an EFI partition at the end. For example if you had this partition scheme: /dev/sda1 = /........
  • i915 nouveau Nvidia GPU not starting lightdm Xorg failing solution for Could not determine valid watermarks for inherited state


    It may appear to be an Xorg or lightdm/gdm/mdm error but in reality for many users with this issue, it's a driver conflict and issue. I had a system that had two GPUs, an Intel and Nvidia GPU. The only thing that got it working was to remove the nouveau driver and blacklist it so it never came back, then the Intel GPU works fine without these issues. Solution sudo rmmod nouveau add nouveau/other driver to blacklist edit th........
  • amdgpu AMD GPU Xorg Won't Start [3576284.324] (EE) Segmentation fault at address 0x0 [3576284.325] (EE) Fatal server error: [3576284.325] (EE) Caught signal 11 (Segmentation fault). Server aborting


    Here is how Ifixed it on a Mint/Ubuntu install 1.) First download the latest AMDGPU-Pro driver from here: https://www.amd.com/en/support Navigate to your relevant video card: 2.) Download the installer One issue is that by default they give you a version for the latest version of........
  • Libreoffice Calc Opens CSV Spreadsheet File as Asian Language/Chinese Characters Solution Fix


    Usually LIbreoffice gets it right, but if it opens a normal English CSV as UTF-16 by default and shows Asian languages, you'll have ot manually open to fix it (don't double click the file from the File Manager). Solution - Manually Open the File After Opening LibreOffice Calc You'll see it is defaulting to UTF-16 which breaks everything. ........
  • How To Reload All Kernel Modules And List Required Moduels for Each Device - Linux Mint Debian Ubuntu Troubleshooting


    One easy way is to use lspci -k like this: sudo lspci -k|grep modules|sort -nr|uniq Kernel modules: snd_hda_intel Kernel modules: shpchp Kernel modules: pata_acpi Kernel modules: nvidiafb, nouveau, nvidia_drm, nvidia Kernel modules: mei_me Kernel modules: lpc_ich Kernel module........
  • Debian Ubuntu Mint How To Change Default Display Manager


    The display manager is more so what controls the main graphical login process after Debian/Mint/Ubuntu boot and controls the graphical login sequence. Once you login, you are then usually passed to an Xorg based Window manager like XFCE, Mate, Ubuntu etc... Popular display managers are mdm, gdm, lightdm etc... and they all basically do the same thing with a different interface/style and some feature differences. In Mint for example the normal default display manager is l........
  • Debian Ubuntu Mint DHCP dhclient quits and how to make it persistent if first attempt to get DHCP lease fails


    Debian based OS's have a similar issue as the behavior in RHEL/CentOS dhclient, which is that if you have an interface that relies on DHCP, if the first attempt fails, it will quit and stop. This is a problem especially if you are using your Linux as a router or something else mission critical, but where the internet for some reason may have been down or the DHCP server it gets a lease from broken. The expected behavior you would hope is that when things are back online that the........
  • LightDM Mint Ubuntu Debian won't start errors Nvidia Graphics


    This error implies that there may be an issue with Xorg or maybe your NVIDIA GPU cannot start or initialize: 35 laptop kernel: [ 2031.857704] nvidia: loading out-of-tree module taints kernel. 35 laptop kernel: [ 2031.857724] nvidia: module license 'NVIDIA' taints kernel. 35 laptop kernel: [ 2031.857725] Disabling lock debugging due to kernel taint 35 laptop kernel: [ 2031.873280] nvidia: module verification failed: signature a........
  • WARNING: Unable to determine the path to install the libglvnd EGL vendor library config files. Check that you have pkg-config and the libglvnd development libraries installed, or specify a path with --glvnd-egl-config-path. Linux Ubuntu Mint Debian E


    If you get an error like this when installing the Nvidia drivers: WARNING: Unable to determine the path to install the libglvnd EGL vendor library config files. Check that you have pkg-config and the libglvnd development libraries installed, or specify a path with --glvnd-egl-config-path. Just install these packages: &nbs........
  • MP3s Won't Play / ID3 Version 2.4 Issues in Cars and Other MP3 Players/CDs/DVDs Solution


    ID3 2.4 can cause various MP3 players, especially on vehicles or even computers, not to play or at least not to display the ID3 tags. In many cases though, since ID3 2.4 is much different than version 2.3, it will cause some players, especially in cars like Lexus not to play. Even on the computer, you may notice if you check the properties of the MP3 that it won't open or show any details (eg. frequency, bitrate and ID3 tags). One symptom of this in a vehicle (eg. Leuxs,........
  • How To Do Linux Network Bonding Teaming in Mint Debian Ubuntu


    Bonding is an excellent way to get both increased redundancy and throughput. It is similar to the "Network Teaming" feature in Windows. There are a few different modes but we will use mode 6, I think it's the best of both worlds, as it is not just a failover, but it provides round robin, so you will get redundancy and load balancing. So if you have a 1G single port, you will have a combined throughput of 4G at this point. Just bear in mind that the true thr........
  • LXC Containers LXD How to Install and Configure Tutorial Ubuntu Debian Mint


    If you are using mint, delete the preference that stops snap from installing (as it is required for lxc) sudo rm /etc/apt/preferences.d/nosnap.pref 1. Install lxd: sudo apt install lxd Issues install lxd or errors? Click here Debian at this time does not have lxd so you'll need to use snap: sudo apt in........
  • GlusterFS HowTo Tutorial For Distributed Storage in Docker, Kubernetes, LXC, KVM, Proxmox


    This can be used on almost anything, since Gluster is a userspace tool, based on FUSE. This means that all Gluster appears as to any application is just a directory. Applications don't need specific support for Gluster, so long as you can tell the application to use a certain directory for storage. One application can be for redundant and scaled storage, including for within Docker and Kubernetes, LXC, Proxmox, OpenStack, etc or just your image/web/video files or even da........
  • How To Shrink Dynamically Allocated VM QEMU KVM VMware Disk Image File


    Let's say you have a VM file that uses 200G of dynamic space, but really only has 40G in usage. If you add fles and delete, at some point the file will be larger than the current space you are using. Take this image which shows is using 71G of space on the host: The actual space being used inside the image is about 43G as we can see:........
  • How To Enable Linux Swapfile Instead of Partition Ubuntu Mint Debian Centos


    This may be necessary if you have a VM or if for some reason you just want to be more efficient with your space and have the flexibility of changing your swap space at will. What we mean is the ability to use a "swap file" or similar to the Windows "pagefile" that normally resides on the root or c: partition of Windows. Here's all you have to do and then you to can have a single partiton with everything, including the swap file on the root partition if you........
  • Docker Tutorial HowTo Install Docker, Use and Create Docker Container Images Clustering Swarm Mode Monitoring Service Hosting Provider


    The Best Docker Tutorial for Beginners We quickly explain the basic Docker concepts and show you how to do the most common tasks from starting your first container, to making custom images, a Docker Swarm Cluster Tutorial, docker compose and Docker buildfiles.........
  • How To Startup and Open Remote/Local Folder/Directory in Ubuntu Linux Mint automatically upon login


    Just click on the Start Menu and go to "Startup Applications" Then click on the "Add"Button Now enter the command we need to open the folder/directory automatically using the filemanager For remote SSH host (you need pub key auth for it to open without a pa........
  • How To Create OpenVPN Server for Secure Remote Corporate Access in Linux Debian/Mint/Ubuntu with client public key authentication


    Why choose OpenVPN instead of a firewall appliance? OpenVPN can be a reliable and easy replacement for traditional hardware or just be an additional tool that your company uses so that the firewall can focus on its job rather than acting as a VPNappliance at the same time. When comparing OpenVPN with traditional firewal........
  • HongKong VPS Server, Cloud, Dedicated Server, Co-Location, Datacenter The Best Guide on Hong Kong, China Internet IT/Computing


    In our 2024 VPS Server/Cloud Buyer's Guide, we place the location of your VPS/hosting/server as one of the priorities that is often overlooked. 2024 Update - Datacent........
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    The key is that you need to know the passphrase to do it, if you don't know the password for the key then you can't remove the key since it cannot be decrypted. ssh-keygen is the easiest method and openssl can be used to manually remove the key and output it to a new file, which you can then copy back over top of the encrypted file. After that your public key authentication will work without any password prompt because it is no longer encrypted. Make sure you understand........
  • Wazuh / OSSEC Install and Configuration Howto Tutorial Guide for Monitoring Agents SIEM


    How To Install Wazuh Server / Quickest Installation Wazuh (forked from the well known OSSEC project) is a full SIEM (Security Information Event Management) that works extremely well with the platforms it natively supports as an "Agent", which allows you to do scans of everything such as all processes running, CVE vulnerability check, incident reporting etc... Prerequisites: A lot of issues with Wazuh seem to be caused by i........
  • Ansible Tutorial - Playbook How To Install From Scratch and Deploy LAMP + Wordpress on Remote Server


    1. Let's work from an environment where we can install Ansible on. If you are using an older version of Linux based on Mint 18 or Ubuntu 16, you may want to get the PPA and get the latest version of Ansible that way: sudo apt install gpg sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ansible/ansible sudo apt update........
  • pulseaudio issue on QEMU/KVM guest VM when microphone is replugged/unplugged pulseaudio: pa_threaded_mainloop_lock failed pulseaudio: Reason: Invalid argument


    Here is the scenario, you are using QEMU/KVM and are using something like the AC97 sound driver to pass the host audio to the guest via pulseaudio. This is useful because you can transparently pass your mic input from the host which means you can mute your microphone from the host, which prevents the guest from receiving any mic input even if unmuted. Mute / Unmute Fix This issue also seems to happen even if you press the mute button on the microphone and then unmute,........
  • How to install Kubernetes with microk8s and deploy apps on Debian/Mint/Ubuntu Linux


    Kubernetes Easy Beginners Architecture Guide Kubernetes is known as container orchestration and we should start at explaining the container part of it. A Container is what runs the actual application and based on an Image, and are more comparable to something like an LXC Container, Virtuozzo/OpenVZ using the Linux Kernel Namespaces feature. Containers run these images as independent, isolated operating environments under the OS's exist........
  • Cisco Howto Configure Console Port/Terminal/Comm Server with Async Cable Setup


    This assumes that you've already installed the relevant HWIC cards eg. Cisco Asynchronous Serial NIM These are essentially cards that you install into your router, once installed you connect an Async cable to one of the ports on the card which normally gives you 8 console cables and are normally labelled 1 through 8. You connect all of the cables to the devices you need (even non-Cisco devices) whether switches, routers or firewalls, they will usually work. The real m........
  • SSH cannot connect to old servers/devices/switches/routers/Cisco/Juniper Unable to negotiate with 192.168.20.2 port 22: no matching key exchange method found. Their offer: diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha1,diffie-hellman-group14-sha1,diffie-hell


    A lot of older devices either support telnet or very old SSH keyx algorithms which are insecure and disabled by all newer/modern SSH clients for security reasons. However, sometimes you may be on a LAN via VPNor some other secured network or for whatever reason, absolutely, need to connect to this device and sometimes old/embedded devices may not be possible to update to a newer SSH server. If you run into this you may be using a modern/newer SSH client and get thi........
  • ksnapshot missing in Ubuntu and Linux Mint Solution


    It has been renamed to kde-spectacle so you install it like so: sudo apt install kde-spectacle You'll find it in your start menu listed as "Take Screenshot"........
  • bash how to hide username/customize prompt Linux Debian Redhat Ubuntu Solution


    Just edit your ~/.bashrc and add this at the very end: export PS1="realtechtalk.com" Then your prompt will look like this: bladeblox:uptime 08:47:14 up 48 min, 1 user, load average: 1.00, 1.07, 0.96 If you wanted a dollar sign at the end then you would change it like this: export PS1=&........
  • Unable to mount location Failed to retrieve share list from server: Connection timed out - Samba/Linux Filesharing Not working Ubuntu Mint Linux Solution


    So you're trying to browse to a properly configured Samba share but you get this error: Unable to mount location Failed to retrieve share list from server: Connection timed out If your config is right, it can be due to a protocol miss-match where your client has not enabled SMB3 but by default the other side (server) has enabled it. You can test this out to see with the smbclient tool........
  • EFI PXE grub2 Howto guide for Linux EFI PXE Booting on Debian, Mint, Ubuntu, RHEL


    Just a quick note and warning is that if you are testing to see if EFIPXE booting works on a VM, MAKE SURE it actually works. For example Iinitially tested using my Distro's QEMU 2.5+dfsg-5ubuntu10.46 and ovmf BIOS firmware (OVMF supports EFI). However, I found on old versions of QEMU (like 2.5), EFIbooting with GRUB NEVER works so it may appear that you have made a mistake when everything is fine when you boot a physi........
  • Juniper JunOS Command Overview and Howtos Switch, Router, Firewall Tutorial Guide


    Enable "cli" mode equivalent in JunOS cli Configure Mode configure So rather than going to the console on a Cisco switch and typing "enable" and then "conf t", the equivalent in JunOS is "cli" and "configure". How Do You Apply Changes You've Made? You can make all kinds of changes to the switch, but remember they are not........
  • Linux Grub not booting the intended kernel solution in Debian, Mint, Ubuntu how to specify which kernel to boot by default


    Traditionally kernels were numbered starting from 0 but by default the "new style" of grub boot loading considers each subkernel item to be different so if you have 3 entries for 4.40-148 rather than counting for 1. To get the expected behavior let's show this example and how we can boot it We do a grep on menuentry in /boot/grub/grub.cfg to see all of the bootable kernels rather than scrolling through loads of extra entries we don't care about (thou........
  • QEMU KVM Keyboard Problems Not Working Right Repeating Characters, Ctrl+C Copy and Paste not working right when using PS2 mouse in guests Solution


    It seems that QEMU/KVM's default PS2 mouse and keyboard doesn't work right in most cases. I have especially observed issues using Ctrl+C and Ctrl+V and in Linux you may see repeated key presses in the terminal and you will wonder why you copied something and it's not in the clipboard when you try to paste. The way to temporarily fix it is to press the key that is repeating once(works in Linux but not really in Windows). Sometimes when moving your mouse it will also s........
  • Mikrotik RouterOS CHR/ISO Basic and Quick Setup Howto Guide


    Many people may not be aware that you can turn commodity hardware into a Mikrotik OS and there are various options which is "CHR" (Cloud Hosted Router) which is a VMimage meant for Virtualization only (seriously, I've tried to dd the image to a physical server and it just crashed as it does not contain any drivers for physical). One note as well if you are trying to do a baremetal install you may get an error "Error Loading Operating System" or........
  • qemu 4 compilation options


    How To Compile QEMU Manually (using sensible options) 1.) Download the QEMU source file you want. wget https://download.qemu.org/qemu-4.2.0.tar.xz 2.) Extract The Source File tar -Jxvf qemu-4.2.0.tar.xz 3.) Switch to the extracted source cd qemu-4.2.0 4.) Make sure we have the right libraries and tools to compile QEMU manually sudo apt install build-e........
  • CentOS 6 EOL yum repo won't work Error: Cannot find a valid baseurl for repo: base Solution


    yum update Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Setting up Install Process Determining fastest mirrors YumRepo Error: All mirror URLs are not using ftp, http[s] or file. Eg. Invalid release/repo/arch combination/ removing mirrorlist with no valid mirrors: /var/cache/yum/x86_64/6/base/mirrorlist.txt Error: Cannot find a valid baseurl for repo: base You have mail in /var/spool/mail/root ........
  • CentOS 7 8 yum error Trying other mirror. To address this issue please refer to the below wiki article


    The below appears at first to be a bad mirror DNS error, but if you've ruled that out you just need to clear your broken yum cache and things will be good. yum update Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: centos.01link.hk * extras: centos.01link.hk * updates: centos.01link.hk http://mirror.worria.com/centos/7.8.2003/os/x86_64/repodata/repomd.xml: [Errno 14] HTTP Error 404 - Not........
  • How To Boot, Install and Run Windows 2000 on QEMU-KVM


    Interestingly enough Windows 2000 works fine on QEMU 64-bit but you have to specify Pentium as your CPU otherwise it doesn't complete the install (it will not pass the detecting/setting up devices phase). -vga cirrus is wise because it is supported by Windows 2000 and allows higher resolutions and 24-bit color. -cpu Pentium emulates an old computer and is necessary for install to complete -device rtl8139 is important as this oldschool Realtek 8139 NIC is supported by W........
  • Huion and Wacom Tablets How To Install in Linux Mint / Ubuntu and make the stylus work properly


    It took a lot of fiddling to make a Huion Kamvas 13 Pro work in Linux but it simple once you know what to do. Don't bother searching as it is unlkely there is a guide out there that will actually make your tablet work. It mainly comes down to the fact that the hid_uclogic kernel module is buggy or doesn't support MANYof these wacom based/Huion tablets properly. What was happening with me is that Ihad the Kamvas 13 Huion setup as a secondary screen/monitor.&nb........
  • mencoder instead of ffmpeg to join or concatenate video files with different audio streams


    The problem for me is that Ihad two videos with different types of audio streams. ffmpeg would join them but they would not play past the point of the join. So Iused mencoder like below and it joined the audio and made them both mp3 streams and it worked! -oac mp3lame specifies the audio to be convered into an mp3 stream using the lame codec. after the oac the two files are the ones to be joined. the -o is the name of the outp........
  • How To Replace Audio Track of Video using ffmpeg


    A very common use case is that you don't want to waste time using a video editor that requires you to open it up and manually import the video clip and audio clip, then manually delete the old audio track and import the video and new audio. That's too much work and time since we don't want to go through the hassle. ffmpeg is our solution, all we have to do is specify 3 variables and we're done! -i Windows2019-Server-Noaudio.mp4 is our in........
  • Linux Mint/Debian/Ubuntu/Centos Installer black grub screen and blank screen after trying to boot installer or main OS


    This happens to a lot of Nvidia users especially users of newer cards like the RTX series. If for example you are trying to boot and install Linux and you get a black and white grub2 screen instead of a nice graphical welcome installer, you probably suffer from this bug. It is normally followed by the user booting and finding they just have a blank/black screen. Here is the quick flow of steps to fix it: If you get a black grub scree........
  • QEMU-KVM soundhw deprecated how to enable sound in QEMU 4.x series


    In QEMU 4 or higher you can no longer use the normal "-soundhw ac97" flag and it is much more complicated but here is a simple copy and paste on Linux that will just work: -audiodev you have to use -audiodev to specify the driver and id driver=pa id=someid -device you have to specify the same audiodev id you used in -audiodev and driver -audiodev driver=pa,id=pa1 -devic........
  • kernel: [549267.368859] mate-terminal[7871]: segfault at 2000000101 ip 00007f5d0a9548f0 sp 00007fff7012c610 error 4 in libgobject-2.0.so.0.4800.2[7f5d0a920000+52000]


    kernel: [549267.368859] mate-terminal[7871]: segfault at 2000000101 ip 00007f5d0a9548f0 sp 00007fff7012c610 error 4 in libgobject-2.0.so.0.4800.2[7f5d0a920000+52000] This seems to be a long-time bug in Mint mate-terminal where you sometimes move or detach a terminal and it crashes losing all of the other open terminal sessions.........
  • apcupsd how to setup and monitor APC UPS units


    It really seems limited in that it can mainly give you the things you would see on the physical unit such as load etc.. wget https://downloads.sourceforge.net/project/apcupsd/apcupsd%20-%20Stable/3.14.14/apcupsd-3.14.14.tar.gz?r=https%3A%2F%2Fsourceforge.net%2Fprojects%2Fapcupsd%2Ffiles%2Flatest%2Fdownload&ts=1598115866 tar -zxvf apcupsd-3.14.14.tar.gz cd apcupsd-3.14.14 [root@somebox apcupsd-3.14.14]# ./conf........
  • Linux NIC connecting at 100M instead of 1000M gigabit speeds? It could be overheating


    I was using a small box as a router and one of the ports started going off and coming back at 100M. I truly believe it is simply that it was a case of overheating. Although CPUtemps were only about 67 degrees, the physical box itself was almost burning hot. Isolved the cooling issue and never had the issue again. Jul 28 15:09:27 swithbox kernel: e1000e: eth1 NIC Link is Up 1000 Mbps Full Duplex, Flow Control: Rx/Tx Jul 28 15:09:28 swithbox kernel:........
  • CentOS 6 impossible to compile a newer libguestfs


    yum -y install gcc make gperf genisoimage flex bison ncurses ncurses-devel pcre-devel augeas-devel augeas readline-devel checking for cpio... cpio checking for gperf... no configure: error: gperf must be installed configure: error: Package requirements (augeas >= 1.2.0) were not met: Requested 'augeas >= 1.2.0' but version of augeas is 1.0.0 yum remove augeas augeas-libs augeas-devel wget http://downl........
  • How To Get Started on Ubuntu with gpt-2 OpenAI Text Prediction


    apt install software-properties-common add-apt-repository ppa:deadsnakes/ppa apt update apt install python3-pip apt install python3.7 curl gnupg python3.7-dev git ln -s /usr/bin/python3.7 /usr/bin/python3 pip3 install numpy keras_preprocessing curl https://bazel.build/bazel-release.pub.gpg | sudo apt-key add - echo "deb [arch=amd64] http://storage.googleapis.com/bazel-apt stable jdk1.8" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/bazel........
  • QEMU-KVM KVM Command Line Practical Guide


    Iam going to build this based on a series of small howto QEMU / KVMposts I've made as I feel much of the information is actually hard to find and piece together from the rest of the web. What I'm going to focus on is how to use virtio as the NIC because if you don't you get very slow NIC speeds but with the virtio NIC model you basically get host speeds. /usr/libexec/qemu-kvm -enable-kvm -smp 8 -m 16000 -net user -net nic,model=virtio -drive file=ubuntu-gpt2l........
  • How To Speed Up Linux Ubuntu and Debian Based Computers By Improving CPU Performance and Changing the CPU Governor


    I used to believe that for Desktops especially that the "ondemand" CPUfrequency changing that kernels included with Ubuntu and Debian based distros have would be sufficient for snappy performance. However, you can feel the lack of performance on the fastest computer if you have ondemand. A lot of times even under high load 100% of your CPUfrequency in MHz will not be used. For example a 2.8Ghz CPUmay only run at 1.8MHz or even .9GHz. Now........
  • QEMU KVM how to boot off a physical CD/DVD/BDROM Drive


    It's as simple as below where you just specify the dev device of the CDROM which is usually /dev/sr0. You can boot actual bootable discs like Windows, Linux, etc straight from a physical drive this way. sudo qemu-system-x86_64 -cdrom /dev/sr0 -m 4096 ........
  • How To Install OpenProject on Centos 7 Step-by-Step Guide


    There are a few caveats that may not be obvious to everyone so I am going to cover them here but keep this in mind before starting. Before starting install epel or you will be missing tesseract: yum -y install epel-release #1) When you specify your SSL certificate with a full path, it really needs to exist where you tell it to (including the default location of /etc/ssl/certs and /etc/ssl/c........
  • Ubuntu Debian Linux Cannot Install Wine Solution - wine1.6 : Depends: wine1.6-i386 (= 1:1.6.2-0ubuntu14.2) but it is not installable wine1.4 : Depends: wine1.6 but it is not going to be installed


    If you've ever gotten errors like this the solution is simple, you need i386 enabled on your 64-bit install because wine depends on some 32-bit x86 libraries: dpkg --add-architecture i386 apt update apt install wine After that it will install just fine. apt install wine Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done........
  • How To Install python 3.4 3.5 and up on Linux with wine - Working Solution


    This is sure simple if you follow the guide but it took a lot of hacking around to make this work on Debian/Ubuntu! Now before you ask why bother running wine and python, the reason is because Python executables are NOT cross-platform. If you run pyinstaller in Linux, that binary will only run on Linux and the same if you do it in Windows. So it is preferable if you have a single environment that you can create Linux and Windows binaries from rather than running 2 separate........
  • Radeon R3 GPU on Debian Crashing


    Occasionally my whole screen locks up and I cannot even swith to the console and I find this in my syslog: *-display description: VGA compatible controller product: Mullins [Radeon R3 Graphics] vendor: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD/ATI]  ........
  • Convert and install to LUKS Encrypted Drive Ubuntu 18.04 19.10 Linux Mint and Debian Based Linux


    The reason for doing this is that the installer doesn't seem to work properly for LUKS and the server installer doesn't even support LUKS anymore. When you use the GUI install on Desktop for LUKS it won't boot and will just hang after you enter your password. So the only reliable way is to do it ourselves. 1.) Make a default minimal install of Ubuntu 2.) Have a secondary disk on the server or VM. 3.)........
  • Linux Mint / Ubuntu / Debian Mate Disable Guest Session and Hide Usernames on Lightdm Login screen GUI


    sudo vi /etc/lightdm/lightdm.conf.d/70-linuxmint.conf Change this: [SeatDefaults] user-session=mate allow-guest=false To this: [SeatDefaults] user-session=mate allow-guest=false greeter-hide-users=true greeter-show-manual-login=true To see and apply your changes just restart light........
  • Enable AMDGPU Linux Driver in Debian Ubuntu mint


    To enable amdgpu we have to set special kernel boot parameters. The easiest way is to make it permanent and apply to all kernels (no messing around with grub.cfg) so we'll edit those defaults in /etc/default/grub by changing the GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT parameter. After that don't forget to run "update-grub"to apply it (otherwise amdgpu will never be enabled). Requirements No clue really as it really depends. But for example this........
  • how to use ifplugd in Linux to execute a command or script when a NIC cable is unplugged or plugged in


    It is fairly simple to use once you know how to use it. However, the tricky thing is that by default it doesn't seem to be active or listen on any interface on manually specified. How To Install ifplugd First we install ifplugd sudo apt install ifplugd Let's enable it on our desired device(s) vi /etc/default/ifplugd set this line as so:........
  • dd how to backup and restore disk images including compression with gzip


    dd is a very handy tool and there are some more practical things we can do. For example if we want to dump a 3TB drive and want to preserve it and only 200GB are being used on the 3TB we can save a lot of space with gzip. Backing Stuff up with dd How to Use dd to backup a raw hard drive and tar gzip at once Change /dev/sda to the drive you want to backup Change /mnt/extras........
  • mpv / mplayer with Radeon / AMD GPU Video Card Driver enable VDPAU GPU Accelerated Video Decoding


    The easiest way to know if your videos are playing with GPU acceleration are to watch the process of xplayer, mpv or whatever you are playing. The CPU usage should be no more than 10% for that process/program if it is using acceleration. Let's manually play with vdpau to make sure it works before we make it permanent: First make sure you have libvdpau installed: sudo apt install vdpau-driver-all If yo........
  • Ubuntu Debian Linux Mint r8169 r8168 Network Driver Problem and Solution


    This problem has been around forever, Linux seems to think it is fine to use the r8169 driver for an r8168 NIC but this often causes problems including the link not working at all. In my case ethttool shows the link up and detected but it simply does not work especially on a laptop that has been resumed from suspension. Sometimes it takes several minutes for it to work or to unplug and replug the ethernet. Here is the solution: Install th........
  • How To Install Asterisk 16 17 on Debian Ubuntu Linux


    Downloading and compiling from source to get the latest version of Asterisk is really simple with this guide. apt install gcc make g++ libedit-dev uuid-dev libjansson-dev apt install libxml2-dev sqlite3 libsqlite3-dev wget http://downloads.asterisk.org/pub/telephony/asterisk/asterisk-16-current.tar.gz tar -zxvf asterisk-16-current.tar.gz cd asterisk-16.6.2/ ./configure If you get this error change y........
  • Cannot Print PDF Solution and Howto Resize


    If you can print other PDFs but not a particular one it is very likely that the PDF size is A4 (the longer, skinnier Asian paper size) instead of the North American letter size ( 8.5" x 11"). This breaks printing in most cases. Or it may print if you find a program that ignores the size issue. Here is an example of an A4 being rejected by a printer in Ubuntu Linux via CUPS Cannot print PDF CUPS Samsung C460: Processin........
  • Debian Ubuntu Mint rc-local service startup error solution rc-local.service: Failed at step EXEC spawning /etc/rc.local: Exec format error


    Oct 18 11:06:46 server systemd[529]: rc-local.service: Failed at step EXEC spawning /etc/rc.local: Exec format error Oct 18 11:06:46 server systemd[1]: rc-local.service: Control process exited, code=exited status=203 Oct 18 11:06:46 server systemd[1]: Failed to start /etc/rc.local Compatibility. Oct 18 11:06:46 server systemd[1]: rc-local.service: Unit entered failed state. Oct 18 11:06:46 server systemd[1]: rc-local.service: Failed with result 'exit-code'.........
  • python import docx error


    sudo pip3 install python-docx [sudo] password for : Downloading/unpacking python-docx Downloading python-docx-0.8.10.tar.gz (5.5MB): 5.5MB downloaded Running setup.py (path:/tmp/pip_build_root/python-docx/setup.py) egg_info for package python-docx no previously-included directories found matching 'docs/.build' warning: no previously-included files matching '.DS_Store' foun........
  • Cisco Unified Communications Manager Express Cheatsheet CUCME CME Tutorial Guide


    Video Links: How To Setup 2 Phones on a Single CME Router and get the GUI going. How to use Dialpeers with CME with two routers How to implement call restrictions using COR / Class of Restriction Getting started, let's enable ephones and DNs we can add a phone with........
  • Debian Ubuntu and Linux Mint Broken Kernel After Date - New Extra Module Naming Convention


    I don't consider a lot of these "extra" kernel modules "nice to have" as they often contain drivers for essential items like your soundcard, your NIC and many other devices that may not work. Sometimes you may find that "sound" or "ethernet" worked before a kernel/OS upgrade and now in the new version they don't. Often it will be because you need to install the "extra" kernel modules. One other weird thing is that sometimes........
  • Bind / named not responding to queries solution


    By default bind will not respond to outside queries for security reasons. In most distributions you will find the default in /etc/named.conf looks like this at the top under options: listen-on port 53 { 127.0.0.1; }; listen-on-v6 port 53 { ::1; }; directory "/var/named";........
  • Linux Mint Mate Customize the Lock screen messages and hide username and real name


    This is a security hole in my opinion and should be plugged by editing the lock screen ui layout: vi /usr/share/mate-screensaver/lock-dialog-default.ui #find these objects and set the visible property to false object class="GtkLabel" id="note-tab-label" object class="GtkLabel" id="auth-username-label> object class="GtkLabel" id="auth-realname-label"........
  • Ubuntu/Gnome/Mint/Centos How To Take a partial screenshot


    By default printscreen or alt print screen will get the whole desktop or the application in focus, respectively. But what if you want to select a portion of the screen? gnome-screenshot: ksnapshot compiz This is a nicely integrated solution sudo apt-get install compizconfig-s........
  • Cisco IP Phone How To Reset To Factory Settings Instructions CP 9971, 8800, 8900, 8845, 8851, 8841, 8831, 7961, 7960, 7945, 7942, 7941, 7940.


    This would be crucial especially if the phone is hardened, not being able to reset or change settings could prevent a phone registering in a new environment or even when migrating from office to office. This applies even if you are trying to migrate the phone to another platform such as Asterisk/FreePBX etc... This guide applies to nearly all of the Cisco IP phones that you would use in CME or CUCM from several years ago including models: 9900, 9971, 8800, 8900, 8845, 8851, 8841........
  • How to encrypt your SSH private key file id_rsa


    ssh-keygen -p -f /path/to/your/id_rsa Enter new passphrase (empty for no passphrase): After that your rsa private key will be encrypted which is a layer of protection and security in the event that somehow someone acquires your key and tries to access servers that the key is authorized on.........
  • Cisco Unified Communications Manager / CUCM IP 8.6,10,12 Install Error Solution


    Install Errors on Version 12: This error happened on QEMU emulator version 2.11.1 pve-qemu-kvm_2.11.1-5 on Proxmox/Debian but installing on QEMU.12 on Centos 6 did not produce the error. *Update it is not related to the OS or QEMU version. This happened in Centos 6 too after a second install. What really causes this even though you successfully install........
  • Cisco Unified Communications Manager 12 Install Errors on Proxmox/KVM


    The strange thing is that usually the first install or two will work on any new machine but then it suddenly won't. I had this experience on QEMU 2.13 on a different machine. There is something finicky or buggy about the CUCM installer even when choosing the same virtual hardware specs. qemu-kvm command: /usr/libexec/qemu-kvm -version QEMU PC emulator version 0.12.1 (qemu-kvm-0.12.1.2-2.506.el6_10.1), Copyright (c) 2003-2008 Fabrice Bellard ........
  • qemu-kvm qemu-system Image format was not specified for '/mnt/space/cucm12.img' and probing guessed raw. Automatically detecting the format is dangerous for raw images, write operations on block 0 will be restricted. Specify the 'ra


    WARNING: Image format was not specified for '/mnt/space/cucm12.img' and probing guessed raw. Automatically detecting the format is dangerous for raw images, write operations on block 0 will be restricted. Specify the 'raw' format explicitly to remove the restrictions. #you should manually specify the format q........
  • Linux Mint XWindows Ubuntu MATE or Cinnamon How To Restart The GUI / Graphics / Session if it freezes without losing current windows or programs


    Uh oh, so you're working on some super l33t code or other stuff that is super important and Linux Mint's MATE or Cinnamon window manager freezes. This means maybe you can move your mouse but you can't click anything, you can't Alt + Tab to another program but everything appears to be working other than that. The first thing you would do is Ctrl + Alt + F1 (or whatever virtual terminal you want) and get into the Linux bash prompt (the black screen where things really happen :))........
  • How to install and setup LXC Containers (OpenVZ alternative) on Centos 6 / 7


    If you don't aleady have it, you'll need EPEL Install LXC yum -y install lxc lxc-templates Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Setting up Install Process Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirror.it.ubc.ca * epel: mirrors.kernel.org * extras: mirror.it.ubc.ca * updates:........
  • Cisco Router Setup Guide and Tutorial Howto With Commands and Examples


    In most of the Cisco router IOS I find the ports like ge0/0 ge0/1 and ge0/2 or whatever your ports are down. They will not even give you a link light. So one of the first tasks should be getting the port you are working with up. In my case the first goal is often connectivity with the LAN and WAN. LAN = your local area network (eg. in the office/home ) WAN= your ISP/public internet (eg. fiber/cable/dsl/ethernet).........
  • VBOX VirtualBox How To Import Raw .img Disk File


    What you need to do if you have taken a dd or real raw image dump of a hard disk: VBoxManage convertdd windows2019-eval-template.img windows2019.vdi --format VDI The .img is the raw dd dump and the .vdi is the output file. --format VDIspecifies to output to .vdi format If you are in a pinch you can always use qemu-kvm binary and manually specify the .img as your disk and i........
  • LUKS Hard Drive Encryption on Linux Mint Ubuntu Debian etc how to mount encrypted hard drive


    The key thing here is to know the actual partition that is encrypted. Often in Linux Mint's installer that ends up being partition 5 or /dev/sda5 sudo cryptsetup luksOpen /dev/sda5 anynamehere You will then be prompted for your irrecoverable passphrase: Enter passphrase for /dev/sda5: If all goes well it won't say anything further. If it says ""No key available with this passphr........
  • How to use nmap locate other machines/computers/servers on your network using nmap


    A lot of people think arp wil do it but the arp table will only show devices you have communicated with. Using nmap is a quick and simple way to scan a range to find a machine you may not know the IP for: eg: nmap -sP 10.1.5.0/24 Just change the above to your subnet........
  • sudoers file in /etc warning about comments/includes!


    If you see this in /etc/sudoers it is NOT a comment but an include. #includedir /etc/sudoers.d For example in Linux mint sudoers.d contains the following files: casper mintupdate README casper for example contains the following sudoers line: mint ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL So if you are messing ar........
  • Centos 7 Reallocate logical volume space to another


    Do you hate how Centos 7 defaults to allocating most of your valuable space to /home even though it is a production server? Here is a quick guide on how to take back that space live, while online (of course make sure you have backups just in case something goes wrong!): First we will reduce our home dir by 100G: lvreduce -L -100G /dev/mapper/centos-home WARNING: Reducing active and open logical volume to ........
  • X11 SSH Linux Forwarding Error


    Jan 30 17:16:10 localhost sshd[25385]: error: Failed to allocate internet-domain X11 display socket. The solution for me on the server side was the following in sshd_config: AddressFamily inet *Remember to restart sshd and also reconnect from the client side. Ihad all the normal X11 settings on the server but it just stopped........
  • LVM How To Create Pool (dynamically allocated and not fully allocated)


    The main use I have for this is virtual servers being able to use an LVM volume but not occupying all of the space. It saves time in deploying machines and copying them so you are only copying the space they are using (eg. 5GB / 60GB vs the full 60GB). There are some disadvantages which is mainly the fact that thin pools by their nature allow you to "overallocate" disk space which is that you could use more space than is available on the disk itself and corrupt your data........
  • Proxmox Breaks Storage/LVM Backing If Killing QEMU-IMG


    I tried to stop a qemu-img copy or clone and it broke everything. It was fine to "stop" it from the GUI but a process still persisted so I killed the relevant qemu-img and the kernel went crazy. It also may not have helped that I tried to lvremove a different volume (an unused disk). But either way it breaks LVM (you cannot even run lvdisplay) so a reboot is necessary. Jan 17 06:45:21 testserver kernel: [ 5680.439337] systemd-udevd D 0&nbs........
  • /etc/iproute2/rt_tables default settings file in Linux Centos 6,7 and most other NIX's


    This should apply to most Linux distributions just incase you get into trouble or wipe out the defaults by accident. /etc/iproute2/rt_tables # # reserved values # 255 local 254 main 253 default 0 unspec # # local # #1 inr.ruhep........
  • iptables how to log ALL dropped incoming packets


    A lot of people just have a -j DROP to drop all unwanted traffic or traffic not explicitly allowed but there is a better solution if you want real and proper logging: Here is another example of more advanced iptables rules. Take an example iptables rules file -A INPUT -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -i eth1 -p icmp -j ACCEPT........
  • Linux use growisofs to burn a larger file on a BD-R / Bluray Disc


    growisofs -Z /dev/sr0 critical.tar.gz.gpg Executing 'genisoimage critical.tar.gz.gpg | builtin_dd of=/dev/sr0 obs=32k seek=0' I: -input-charset not specified, using utf-8 (detected in locale settings) File critical.tar.gz.gpg is larger than 4GiB-1. -allow-limited-size was not specified. There is no way do represent this file size. Aborting. :-( write failed: Input/output error #remember to us........
  • Linux named / bind how to dump, view and clear the cache!


    Do you hate it when your ISPhas old cached records because of a high TTLon the DNS record of the relevant domain? In plain English this means you often can't connect to a site or service because your ISP's DNS servers haven't gotten word of the new IP address (probably because they haven't checked). There are also some that are notorious for ignoring TTL and not updating records for days! But if you are lucky and smart enough to have your own Linux based DNS se........
  • Centos 6 / 7 / 8 How To Change Default nameservers in /etc/resolv.conf when using DHCP / dhclient


    First we need to create dhclient.conf if it doesn't exist or edit it: vi /etc/dhclient/dhclient.conf #add this line at the top add the IPs as commas they will be the highest priority nameservers and whatever your ISP gives you will be used after these one (good for DNS backup) prepend domain-name-servers 127.0.0.1,10.10.25.8; After you restart your network or run dhclient again you should see the contents of........
  • Adobe Acrobat Reader for Linux to use and view XFA Fillable Forms


    The reason for not being able to read one of these dreaded/ fillable "XFA" forms is because no Linux PDF reader that I'm aware of supports them. Part of this reasoning is for security. It is really silly, they should ban these XFA forms or at least replace the Please Wait with the non-fillable version. Download Adobe Reader 9.5 for Linux from here: This is the solution but only so much, at least for me I was able to view th........
  • Why SMART is not smart at all and doesn't properly predict disk errors that cause a kernel panic or crash


    Before getting into the output here is my typical experience with SMART, there is what I call a "bad disk" with pending and uncorrectable sectors that cannot be reallocated. It has caused a kernel panic and system crash repeatedly as we can see from the logs. But SMART says it has "PASSED" its self assessment. SMART is still useful to me but it is more about looking at Current_Pending_Sector. Any time I have had anything but 0 for that attribute it........
  • iSCSI on Centos 7 Configuration and Setup Guide for Initiator and Target


    initiator = client target = server These are the first concepts you should understand which is that in iscsi essentially the "initiator" is the client and the "target" is the server. iSCSI is derived from the old fashioned SCSI that us oldtimers grew to love. The "i" stands for Internet and the SCSI stands for "Small Computers Systems Interface" (SCSI). iSCSI Target (Server)Setup targetcli is the pac........
  • Python and BeautifulSoup4's BS4's Decompose Method To Remove Unwanted Inner Tags


    < a href="/Products/MX72244"> < span class="c-shca-icon-item__body-name-brand"> ADATA < / span> &nbs........
  • Bash How To Cut or Split Natively And Get The LAST Field


    This takes "yourvariable" and splits it based on the last character in this case "-" and shows the last field of that split. ${yourvariable##*-} ........
  • How Does Cisco CUCM (Cisco Unified Communication Manager) Work?


    Cisco's CUCM (Cisco Unified Communication Manager) is a system that combines voice, video, data and mobile products into a single unified management suite. At its core, the CUCMis like a "Super PBX" that controls the flow of all communications through an organization even single or multiple site deployments. Cisco's CUCMmakes communication more effective and simple through centralized management and unification of communications resources.........
  • syntax error, unexpected T_SL in PHP Solution


    This happened in a PHPscript with heredoc but it could really happen anywhere. The issue was whitespace in code like this: $variable = ........
  • systemd management using systemctl and journalctl to check systemd logs


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    Directadmin Error when changing user settings/saving Details Error with system Quotas setquota: Mountpoint (or device) / not found. setquota: Not all specified mountpoints are using quota. Debug Guide You have to disable and enable the quota's using vzquota on and off. After that it will work.........
  • Slow KVM Virtual Machine Performance Solved - Choose the right architecture with the CPU flag


    I am running a 64-bit host and was running a 32-bit XPguest which was crawling no matter what I was doing with it,in fact it frequently used 100% CPU power while having no real work load. I experienced with this other guests and wondered why KVM was slow compared to say Xen or Virtualbox. This is because you need to use the "-cpu" flag. For a full list of options run: /usr/libexec/qemu-kvm -cpu ? x86 ........
  • bash script remove non-printable special characters/white space


    In bash you test like this for problems that can be caused by non-printable characters since if you don't know how to identify it because it basically breaks your script. echo "url=$url" should print something like this normally if you have properly formatted input/text: url=::http://someaddress.com:: But if you have some weird hidden characters (not visible in a text editor of any sort you'll get something like this ::l=::http://s........
  • Error: detected vswap CT config but kernel does not support vswap This means either old kernel or bad config (physpages NOT set to 0:unlimited) Solution for OpenVZ


    Error: detected vswap CT config but kernel does not support vswap This means either old kernel or bad config (physpages NOT set to 0:unlimited) Solution vzctl set $veid --physpages 0:unlimited --save........
  • pcnet32: eth0: transmit timed out, status 97fb, resetting - NIC card problem solution


    I've encountered this problem before and I believe it may affect other drivers (I could test but I don't have time). This was happening on my custom Linux system with the pcnet32 driver. pcnet32: eth0: transmit timed out, status 97fb, resetting (and some other kernel module tracing in dmesg) Basically it means the card is connected (it shows connected in full duplex etc.. and recognized if the cable is disconnected too) but no packets can be sent or received........
  • Directadmin Install Segfault Error


    ************************************* * * * All parts have been installed * *........
  • Could not display "trash:///". Error: DBus error org.freedesktop.DBus.Error.NoReply: Did not receive a reply. Possible causes include: the remote application did not send a reply, the message bus security policy blocked the reply, the reply timeout


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  • LOG: MAIN PANIC failed to expand condition "${if eq {$authenticated_id}{}{0}{${if eq {$sender_address}{$local_part@$domain}{0}{${if match{$received_protocol}{N^e?smtps?a$N}{${perl{checkbx_autowhitelist}{$authenticated_id}}}{${if eq{$received_prot


    I experienced this with CPanel's Exim after an auto-update (a Google of this error produces lots of complaints with few clear solutions). In this case I'll put the solution at the top. Run /scripts/buildeximconf to rebuild the Exim config and it should be fine after that. mail -vs "from test" user@dest.com < .bash_history LOG: MAIN cwd=/root 4 args: send-mail -i -v user@dest.com LOG: MAIN &........
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    I've thought for awhile that Asus has been banking on its years old reputation for quality amongst gamers and enthusiasts and I think I'm right. My Asus VE247H Monitor with a supposed 2MS refresh rate has 1 red/stuck/dead pixel but fortunately it can only be seen on a non-true black picture or against a blue screen. I have several Asus products and find they're all of fairly poor quality. First of all their motherboards have given me the most issues of any brand, they te........
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    fdisk -lu VPS.img last_lba(): I don't know how to handle files with mode 81ed You must set cylinders. You can do this from the extra functions menu. Disk VPS.img: 0 MB, 0 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 0 cylinders, total 0 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Device Boot Start End ........
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    One of my test Centos 5 containers was on a partition that filled up and it threw all sorts of errors and stopped responding but now I can't boot it again anymore. All the console shows is the Linux Penguin on the top left corner and the xm console says "usbcore: registered new driver hub" and has halted there. Centos 5 Xen container stuck/frozen won't boot on "usbcore: registered new driver hub" Another great way of troubleshooting is booting fro........
  • Ubuntu 10.04 Flash Videos have tearing/lines Solution


    This is what I call a ridiculous bug in compiz that causes it. The solution/To fix it just install "compizconfig-settings-manager" Open it up and Navigate to General Options -> Display Settings Set the "Refresh Rate" to the current refresh rate of your monitor. For ATI cards with slow window dragging/response supposedly disabling "Sync to VBlank" fixes that but otherwise leave it as is.........
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    I dread updating the kernel and rebooting to find the Ubuntu graphics aren't working and you have to manually intervene. This is usually because Ubuntu for whatever reason didn't update the drivers you need (eg. the manually compiled Nvidia Kernel driver that MUST be recompiled for each and every kernel update unfortunately). The most common reason may be that "linux-source" hasn't been installed automatically on my system. I tried to manually reinstall the........
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    I really am a Linux fan but my comments here may not show it. Although I'm quite familiar with Linux CLI to administer servers, I find Linux GUI OS's like Ubuntu at times very clunky. This is partially because there's no such thing as a "self-made" Linux from scratch where the UIwas designed by a single team. Linux is made up of several different projects that are generally completely separate and this lack of integratiion is a key issue that makes things f........
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    It really is as simple as: cdrecord -v dev=/dev/sr0 pathtoyourisoimage.iso -v is for verbose, I prefer it but if you don't you won't see as much output like below (I like to know the details and exactly what's happening) dev=/dev/sr0 specifies the device name of your burner (they say not to use it and to specify some weird annoying device string but using the raw /dev has always worked for me and is how it should have been implemented from the start IMHO)........
  • Ubuntu Suspend Solution Fix blank screen laptop/computer won't come back


    Even in new versions of Ubuntu this happens but for me I found out it was because of one feature under "Power Management". I had "Spindown hard disks when possible" ticked, after disabling that, my computer wakes up from suspension every time now. So if your computer won't unsuspend with any version of Ubuntu/*Nix try disabling the spin down hard disk option as it's obviously the culprit for many situations.........
  • iPhone Restore/Backup Location of Notes and Contact/Address Book


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  • gocr - free Linux OCR (Optical Character Recognition) conversion tool


    gocr works great and it's simple, just invoke it like so: gocr filename.png The output will be printed to the screen. My only complaint/concern is that even with standard terminal output (not scanned) from a printscreen, gocr does make mistakes by inserting extra spaces where they don't belong, mistaking letters for numbers etc.. but it's definitely enough to be readable and figure out what you're looking at. I haven't tested yet with scanned input........
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    These were caused by a bad stick of Corsair RAM [] free_hot_cold_page+0xfc/0x150 [] __pagevec_free+0x14/0x1a [] release_pages+0x127/0x12f [] __pagevec_release+0x15/0x1d [] __invalid_mapping_pages+0x120/0x156 [........
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  • vi problem in Ubuntu/Debian distros when editing up,down,left,right arrow keys produce A,B,D,C respectively


    This is very annoying, the only known fix is to install vim apt-get install vim After that everything works as normal.........
  • wget download all files on page/directory automatically recursively


    Have you ever found a website/page that has several or perhaps dozens, hundreds or thousands of files that you need downloaded but don't have the time to manually do it? wget's recursive function called with -r does that, but also with some quirks to be warned about. If you're doing it from a standard web based directory structure, you will notice there is still a link to .. and wget will follow that. Eg. let's say you have files in http://serverip/documen........
  • screen Cannot open your terminal '/dev/pts/2' - please check.


    The solution to this screen issue is simple. This happened to me in Centos 5 as a user, but I also su'd to it and I don't have any password for it. I've read some people say this is more common when su'ing. The solution is simple though, just give others rw access to the corresponding pts whether it's 0,1,2 etc..: As root do chmod o+rw /dev/pts/2 ........
  • rpmforge: [#### ] 471/10722Segmentation fault yum[18934]: segfault at 0000000000000000 rip 00002ade62153a30 rsp 00007fff76f9fe58 error 4


    A few days ago this happened on multiple Centos 5 servers and apparently anyone using rpmforge was affected by this error and there was no solution other than disabling that repo to fix it. To some this highlighted a few points, that there is a reason RHELexists with full paid support, and also that this could be a vulnerability and huge flaw with yum. A yum search or install should not segfault just because the rpmforge repo goes down. Fortunately it came back up........
  • Did Rogers and other wireless block Mobile Twitter on government/police orders during the Canucks Stanely Cup Riot?


    I am watching the Canucks riot and a reporter said Twitter is down. My home connection on Shaw is fine, but when Iused my Rogers network over the cell, it says "Rate Limit Exceeded". I wonder if this is a transparent redirect by Rogers under police order? I noticed that the Telus network loaded Twitter just fine.........
  • How to view UDP and other protocol connections?


    netstat is weak and can't show udp connections and most other protocols, use "ss" which is what netstat should have been: The "-u" switch stands for udp, here's a list of other options: Usage: ss [ OPTIONS ] ss [ OPTIONS ] [ FILTER ] -h, --help this message -V, --version output ver........
  • Openvz migration error solution Error: Failed to suspend container CPT ERR: f68cf000,25000 :foreign process 15755/14731(vzctl) inside CT (e.g. vzctl enter or vzctl exec). CPT ERR: f68cf000,25000 :suspend is impossible now.


    Starting online migration of CT 25000 to 192.168.5.1 Preparing remote node Initializing remote quota Syncing private Live migrating container... Error: Failed to suspend container CPT ERR: f68cf000,25000 :foreign process 15755/14731(vzctl) inside CT (e.g. vzctl enter or vzctl exec). CPT ERR: f68cf000,25000 :suspend is impossible now. CPT ERR: f68cf000,25000 :foreign process 15755/14731(vzctl) inside CT (e.g. vzctl enter or........
  • Linux Out of Memory OOM Object Killer Solution "Out of memory: kill process 1955 (sshd) score 81 or a child"


    I had a system running a 128MB live CD image with 2.8 gigs of available RAM and the OOM kernel killer went crazy when using dd for more than 8 minutes and kept killing everything. I've read that this is due to a low-memory issue and paging in the kernel and 32-bit systems with lots of RAM. I even enabled swapspace on my LiveCD and the issue happened 25 minutes into dd rather than 8 minutes, so what gives? Also no swap space was ever used! cat /proc/s........
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    I like dd, although it only reads it, usually a read test of the entire disk will uncover if your hard drive is bad in some parts. This is a good thing to do at least once a month, a lot of times bizarre program behavior, laginess and crashing/unnmounting problems etc.. are due to a failing disc and SMART won't know it or indicate a problem: We must also remember there's never a guarantee, I've found that ever since we moved to larger and more platters per drive with 1TB drives........
  • smart is not smart, it thinks a dead drive is still good


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    I had one of these shipped and it was not recognized when plugged in, here's what a dead drive looks like (I assume it's teh circuit board which is dead): ata1: link is slow to respond, please be patient (ready=0) ata1: softreset failed (device not ready) ata1: SATA link up 3.0 Gbps (SStatus 123 SControl 300) ata1: link online but device misclassified, retrying ata1: link is slow to respond, please be patient (ready=0) ata1: softreset f........
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    One thing to note about DNS servers and providers is that they aren't always trustworthy, not even if they're Google or your favorite ISP. Any DNS server can compromise your privacy, and they are likely tracking your browsing habits and keeping logs of it. Sometimes it's for Marketing/Research purposes such as Google's GMail service which they admit is scraped/datamined. I would expect nothing less from their DNS service. The other danger with such widely used and pu........
  • Linux how to use find recursively to find certain types of files/extensions


    Normally if you're in a certain directory you could do: find *.txt and it will work as expected, but it won't work recursively through child directories, here's the correct way to do it: find . -type f -name *.txt The "-type f" is optional because that means only files, but we could have specified d for directory etc... The above command will work recursively as you'd expect. In that way I find "find" to be un........
  • VBox/Virtualbox how to shrink VDI image and recover/reclaim unused disk space


    VBoxManage modifyvdi /path/to/your.vdi compact I believe this should be done only when your VM is powered off, but I decided to try it with the system powered on. i wouldn't recommend it because it's dangerous even if it does work but this is a test system. For anything important/production I would always take a backup first and make sure the system is powered off. VBoxManage modifyvdi XP-clone.vdi compact 0%...10%...20%...30%...40%...5........
  • Kernel linux-2.6.39 In file included from drivers/block/cciss.c:1015: include/asm-generic/pci-dma-compat.h: In function `cmd_special_free': drivers/block/cciss.c:196: sorry, unimplemented: inlining failed in call to 'cciss_tag_discard_error_bits': fu


    In file included from drivers/block/cciss.c:1015: include/asm-generic/pci-dma-compat.h: In function `cmd_special_free': drivers/block/cciss.c:196: sorry, unimplemented: inlining failed in call to 'cciss_tag_discard_error_bits': function body not available include/asm-generic/pci-dma-compat.h:25: sorry, unimplemented: called from here make[2]: *** [drivers/block/cciss.o] Error 1 make[1]: *** [drivers/block] Error 2 make: *** [drivers] Error 2........
  • SPAMASSASSIN/spamcd solution - spamc[16225]: connect to spamd on 127.0.0.1 failed, retrying (#2 of 3): Connection timed out


    May 6 08:16:57 devbox spamc[16225]: connect to spamd on 127.0.0.1 failed, retrying (#2 of 3): Connection timed out May 6 08:17:02 devbox spamc[20214]: connect to spamd on 127.0.0.1 failed, retrying (#1 of 3): Connection timed out spamc[16225]: connect to spamd on 127.0.0.1 failed, retrying (#3 of 3): Connection timed out First make sure that the spamd service is actually running, this is your spamd (spamassassin server) cannot be reached. In my c........
  • mysql enable slow query logging/Query Cache Solution - find/track cause of slow mysqld/high IO/CPU usage


    If you have a webserver and find you have high IO/lagginess MySQL is one of the first things to check. It turns out MySQL was my problem and it was creating a high load on my server, especially for IO. How to Enable MySQL Slow Query Logging To Find Slow Performance/Queries vi /etc/my.cnf Add this anywhere under [mysqld] #slow queries log-slow-queries = /var/log/mysql/mysqlslowqueries.log long_query_time = 1........
  • Apache High CPU Usage Enable Mod_Status Guide Solution - Find Cause of High CPU Usage Script/Domain


    mod_status is a great way to track down the source of high CPU usage and to find what vhost/script is the cause of it. It gives you a live view of bandwith usage, CPU usage, and memory usage broken down by domain/vhost and script/URI. Enable mod_status vi /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf ExtendedStatus On SetHandler server-status Order Deny,Allow Deny from all All........
  • vnstat setup guide/tutorial


    yum -y install vnstat chown nobody.nobody -R /var/lib/vnstat/ #replace venet0 below with your desired interface sudo -u nobody vnstat -u -i venet0 #edit: vi /etc/sysconfig/vnstat #VNSTAT_OPTIONS="-i venet0" # only use the sed below if you are using venet0 instead of eth0 or replace accordingly sed -i 's/eth0/venet0/g' /etc/sysconfig/vnstat [root@monitor]# yum install vn........
  • PayPal Solution - Error Detected Error Message We were unable to decrypt the certificate id. We were unable to decrypt the certificate id.


    Error Detected........
  • Linux OCR Comparison


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  • SMARTCTL additional SMART command testing using short and long tests


    smartctl -t long /dev/sda (note you can specify short, but it's not as thorough as long of course). smartctl version 5.38 [i686-pc-linux-gnu] Copyright (C) 2002-8 Bruce Allen Home page is http://smartmontools.sourceforge.net/ === START OF OFFLINE IMMEDIATE AND SELF-TEST SECTION === Sending command: "Execute SMART Extended self-test routine immediately in off-line mode". Drive command "Execute SMART Extended sel........
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  • 2011 Best Laptop - HP 15.6" Laptop featuring AMD Athlon II P340 Processor (G62-420CA)


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  • Santrex Review Scam Complaint - Stole My Money Fraud


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  • 95th Percentile Billing vs Usage Billing, what's better?


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  • Apache MPM worker vs prefork


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  • SPAMASSASSIN Enable Pyzor and DCC


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  • Linux - mptbase/MPT Fusion LSI Logic Error mptbase: ioc0: ERROR - didn't initialize properly! (-1)


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  • Enable SPAMASSASSIN on Postfix in 5 minutes


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    SPAMASSASSIN Disable OpenWhois RBL (it is dead/defunct/no longer active): You might see this in your headers 2.4 DNS_FROM_OPENWHOIS RBL: Envelope sender listed in bl.open-whois.org comment out this inside /usr/share/spamassassin/72_active.cf ##{ DNS_FROM_OPENWHOIS ifplugin Mail::SpamAssassin::Plugin::DNSEval header DNS_FROM_OPENWHOIS eva........
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  • Convert doc images/jpg/jpeg to PDF


    Use "ImageMagick" which can be installed easily on most UNIX/Linux distros. Remember that it will go with the standard file listing to determine the order but I believe you can manually specify multiple jpg's in the arguments. Convert image/jpg to PDF convert *.jpg yourpdf.pdf This is a very handy and free tool. Convert DOC/TXT documents to PDF If you wanted to convert a .doc file or text........
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    Convert MBOX Mail files into Maildir using Linux *You need perl an the TimeDate module Get the free Perl script mb2md from the project/author's site: wget http://batleth.sapienti-sat.org/projects/mb2md/mb2md-3.20.pl.gz gunzip mb2md-3.20.pl.gz #remember you need timedate or you'll get this error: ./mb2md-3.20.pl Can't locate........
  • MySQL NEVER delete ib_logfile0 or ibdata1 or you'll lose data


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  • email server messsages rejected without reverse DNS DNS check failure Client host rejected: cannot find your reverse hostname Cannot resolve PTR record


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  • CPU #1 not responding - cannot use it.


    I think this will be useful to others because I have a server that kept crashing mysteriously during intense disk usage/RAID checks. It would only crash during the weekly RAID integrity check. ThenI noticed during a reboot that not all CPUs were being brought up, as a result this actually creates much higher temperatures with the output I got from sensors, just booting the system produced higher than normal temperatures. You can imagine that a full blown RAID check........
  • Understanding /etc/aliases from sendmail when using with postfix or other MTA's


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  • FUSE/Curlftpfs mount ftp account as drive partition in Linux


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  • rsync skipping non-regular file


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    I installed 5.5 with a 300GB RAID 1 partition (boot is also on this partition). It booted up fine the first few times until after I used a Live CD and accessed the array, and it became named /dev/md127 for some reason. Now whenI boot into CentOS I get a kernel panic and different errors, once I got "invalid superblock", even though the array is fine (it didn't happen again, probably because I was sure to dismount and stop the mdadm array properly). Here's what........
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    Before we start I take no responsibility for this, you should have a backup and if you make a mistake during this process you could wipe out all of your data. So backup somewhere else before starting this as a precaution, or make sure it's data you could afford to lose. The RAID 1 Setup (Hardware Wise) I've already setup my 2 x 1TB (Seagate) drives with identical partitions, make sure your new hard drive (the empty one) is setup like your curr........
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    Heredoc warningsExample $somevariable = ........
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  • Apple iPhone 3GS and predecessors are leading a revolution


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    There's a lot of information and guides on OCFS2 for RHELand Centos Linux but the package setup and configuration is slightly different and this has thrown some people off. Installing OC2FS You should install the following packages to get started: apt-get install ocfs2-tools ocfs2console Configure OC2FS In RHEL/Centos the main configuration file is located in /etc/sysconfig/o2cb However in Debian based Linux it is located........
  • Viewing and Connecting to an SMB Samba Share on Windows/Linux/Unix


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