• How to convert audio for Asterisk .wav format


    In our example we take "sound.mp3" and convert it to .wav. Generally Asterisk for its wave needs one audio channel (-ac 1) / mono and 8000hz (-ar 8000) instead of the standard CD/MP3 of 44100hz. Here is the command to convert into Asterisk .wav format: ffmpeg -i sound.mp3 -ac 1 -ar 8000 sound.wav Errors Asterisk may give you if the format is wrong: -- Executing [91781891@cme:3] Playback("SIP/234-000........

  • Using Cisco CME Router with Asterisk as a dial-peer


    #Remember that you need a valid gateway IPunless the Asterisk server is on the same subnet and LAN Set Valid Gateway IP (if you don't have one already) ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 GATEWAYIP Enable VOIPTrust voice service voip ip address trusted list ipv4 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 sip Set Credentials For Asterisk and Register To Asterisk sip-ua........

  • Cisco CME How To Configure SIP Trunk VOIP


    This is how we configure outside PSTNaccess or dialing through another SIPtrunk. Beware that this a simplistic example that neglects most security including SRTP First you'll need to be in config mode: Step - 1 Enter Voice Service VOIP security options There are more options but for now we'll just focus on security/allowing connections to and from our phones and the trunk. Router(config)#voice service voip ........

  • Cisco CME and C7200 Router Testing and Learning Environment on Ubuntu 20+ Setup Tutorial Guide


    Since newer versions of Ubuntu like 20, you will find there is no longer dynagen and that the dynamips provided is faulty and will segfault each time: Cisco Router Simulation Platform (version 0.2.14-amd64/Linux stable) Copyright (c) 2005-2011 Christophe Fillot. Build date: Apr 3 2018 12:20:29 Local UUID: 3c1c0b7f-2fab-4fda-b40b-74841d1bcfe0 Instance ID set to 1. netio_tap_create: unable to open TAP device tap1 (No such fi........

  • Abusive IP ranges blacklist


    Make sure this makes sense for you but I've started to block a lot of commercial Cloud services and easily accessible providers as they are a very high source of abusive traffic. The cost savings for a lot of organizations are huge, as you now have less bandwidth usage and less resource usage from garbage/bot/malicious traffic. This mainly works for when you can be reasonably sure that your audience has no business visiting your service(s) from freely accessible commercial IP ........

  • How to Install Any OS on a Physical Drive from Windows Using VMware Workstation (Linux, Windows, BSD)


    Uses: Install OS on physical drive Linux installation VMware Install Windows on physical drive Boot OS from physical drive VMware Workstation tutorial Linux virtual machine to physical disk Windows to Linux migration Dual boot OS installation Boot from external SSD Linux, Windows, BSD installation guide Physical drive boot OS........

  • CentOS 7 fix Could not retrieve mirrorlist http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=7&arch=x86_64&repo=os&infra=container error was 14: curl#6 -


    yum update Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, ovl Determining fastest mirrors Could not retrieve mirrorlist http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=7&arch=x86_64&repo=os&infra=container error was 14: curl#6 - "Could not resolve host: mirrorlist.centos.org; Unknown error" One of the configured repositories failed (Unknown), and yum doesn't have enough cached data to continue. At this point the onl........

  • Ubuntu Debian How To Install Recommended Packages Automatically


    A lot of times you may see when installing packages that apt will recommend packages, a lot of times when doing things like upgrading or install a new kernel, it is very smart at recommending related packages (eg. modules, headers, extras etc..) All you need to do is add this flag to your "apt install" command: --install-suggests........

  • How to resize a pdf without losing much quality in Linux Mint Ubuntu Debian Redhat Solution


    Use gs or ghostscript as below, specify the output file and also the input file. In the example below the output file is "outputfile-resized.pdf" and the input file is "original-pdf.pdf". Change the input file to the name of your pdf gs -sDEVICE=pdfwrite -dCompatibilityLevel=1.4 -dPDFSETTINGS=/prepress -dNOPAUSE -dQUIET -dBATCH -sOutputFile=outputfile-resized.pdf original-pdf.pdf For........

  • qemu: could not load PC BIOS 'bios-256k.bin' solution


    qemu: could not load PC BIOS 'bios-256k.bin' The file exists here: /usr/share/qemu/bios-256k.bin It is symlinked to here: /usr/share/seabios/bios.bin A quick fix is manually specifying the BIOS: -bios /usr/share/qemu/bios-256k.bin........

  • Ubuntu Linux Mint Debian Redhat Youtube Cannot Play HD or 4K videos, dropped frames or high CPU usage with Nvidia or AMD Driver


    In a lot of distros, vdpau which accelerates video through the GPUis often not installed even in recent distros. This will result in Firefox with Youtube dropping frames when you check the "Stats for Nerds" and to the eye as jerky or slower video playback due to the dropped frames. Some sites will say that because you are watching VP09 that there is no GPU support, but with vdpau installed and enabled, many GPUs will still be able to use hardware decoding for 4K........

  • hostapd example configuration for high speed AC on 5GHz using WPA2


    This example is using RTL8821AU chipset from a TP-Link T2U Plus USB adapter and other similar ones should work the same. Here's how to get this chipset RTL8821AU working in Linux. Here's how to get RTL8812 and RTL8822 working in Linux.........

  • hostapd how to enable and use WPS to connect wireless devices like printers


    Edit your /etc/hostapd/hostapd.conf file like below and restart hostapd. #WPS stuff # Enable control interface for PBC/PIN entry wpa_psk_file=/etc/hostapd/hostapd.psk ctrl_interface=/var/run/hostapd eap_server=1 wps_state=2 ap_setup_locked=1 wps_pin_requests=/var/run/hostapd.pin-req config_methods=label display push_button keypad #WPS model info stuff change to suit your needs d........

  • Dell Server Workstation iDRAC Dead after Firmware Update Solution R720, R320, R730


    This is certainly a poor design, as you can read many seasoned admins who have updated their iDRAC only to have it killed. One possible cause is not by doing all the incremental updates, doing updates from an old iDRAC to one many revisions newer is a sure way to kill things, but even then there is no guarantee based on the amount of failures. List of threads of people's dead iDRAC's:........

  • Cloned VM/Server/Computer in Linux won't boot and goes to initramfs busybox Solution


    This is mainly for if you've done something silly like trying to clone a Live, running VM image. In this example, the VM initially finds grub and tries to boot but is kicked straight into initramfs rescue mode/busybox right after this. If you've done this "silly" thing, you could have dataloss but a lot of times just using fsck will fix it as you are guaranteed at best to have some corruption and inconsistencies in the filesystem. My theory is that some files wer........

  • How to configure OpenDKIM on Linux with Postfix and setup bind zonefile


    This guide assumes you have a working Postfix server and want it to sign with DKIM. There are a few things we have to understand to make all of this work though, which require you to be familiar with DNS as well. 1.) Install OpenDKIM apt install opendkim systemctl enable opendkim 2.) Edit /etc/opendkim.conf Syslog yes SyslogSuccess yes Mode&nbs........

  • Debian Ubuntu 10/11/12 Linux how to get tftpd-hpa server setup tutorial


    apt install tftpd-hpa #change TFTP_ADDRESS to by setting address to 192.168.1.1:69 or the IP you need, otherwise it will listen on all IPs and interfaces which could be a security risk. # edit /etc/default/tftpd-hpa TFTP_USERNAME="tftp" TFTP_DIRECTORY="/srv/tftp" TFTP_ADDRESS="192.168.1.1:69" TFTP_OPTIONS="--secure"........

  • redis requirements


    sysctl vm.overcommit_memory=1 echo never > /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled echo 511 > /proc/sys/net/core/somaxconn 1:M 26 Nov 2023 21:34:33.840 # WARNING: The TCP backlog setting of 511 cannot be enforced because /proc/sys/net/core/somaxconn is set to the lower value of 128. 1:M 26 Nov 2023 21:34:33.840 # Server initialized 1:M 26 Nov 2023 21:34:33.840 # WARNING overcommit_memory is set to 0! Background sa........

  • How to kill a docker swarm


    Assign way more replicas than you have of memory on all nodes and watch the Swarm crash which can easily reproduce in a small VMfor testing. root@Deb11Docker01:~# docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAM........

  • docker swarm silly issues


    The error below can be caused by a gateway that is unpingable: docker swarm join --token SWMTKN-1-1kogg8da68gtb1j7ezaddowyy9s0an5s9tue758o20k18liskw-5h3f61hrrmv3u6agshvbtcklf 172.16.1.80:2377 Error response from daemon: manager stopped: can't initialize raft node: rpc error: code = Unknown desc = could not connect to prospective new cluster member using its advertised address: rpc error: code = DeadlineExceeded desc = context deadline exceeded........

  • isc-dhcp-server dhcpd how to get longer lease


    You can do a static lease that is tied to the MAC address but what a lot of users prefer is that they come into the office or lab the next day and that their device gets assigned the same IP address (if possible). As we can see in the dhcpd logs that there is threshold that is defaulted as we'll show later. Whatever the threshold is set at, if the lease is younger than the threshold, it will keep the same lease. In other words, if the device goes to sleep or is powered off........

  • nvidia cannot resume from sleep Comm: nvidia-sleep.sh Tainted: Linux Ubuntu Mint Debian


    This seems to happen in many different drivers but it happened more often in newer versions such as 530 vs 525. Then nvidia-modeset goes to 100% There are many reports of this appearing since driver 4.70 and I can confirm I've seen this in various machines. https://forums.de........

  • [error] (28)No space left on device: Cannot create SSLMutex Apache Solution Linux CentOS Ubuntu Debian Mint


    Have you got this error from Apache? [notice] suEXEC mechanism enabled (wrapper: /usr/sbin/suexec) [error] (28)No space left on device: Cannot create SSLMutex At first glance it appears that you may be out of disk space but the issue is ipc or interprocess communication. This will clear out the ipcs processes so things can work, this often happens during high traffic and may be a sign of DDOS. The command below will fix it, it will list al........

  • Save money on bandwidth by disabling reflective rpc queries in Linux CentOS RHEL Ubuntu Debian


    Even today we see a lot of servers that have different services and ports open for rpc and this creates not only potential inward vulnerabilities but perhaps more common, the abuse of your network resources in reflective rpc queries. To stop this problem, you should disable and remove all services relating to rpc or at least block all relevant ports for the service. Surprisingly, there are still some providers and OS installs in Linux that install these services and leave them........

  • How to access a disk with bad superblock Linux Ubuntu Debian Redhat CentOS ext3 ext4


    Have you ever tried mounting a partition that you exists but you get this error? mount: /mnt: can't read superblock on /dev/sda1. The superblock in this example was bad because the physical disk had corruption and bad blocks/sectors. However, the data was generally accessible and you can always try this trick below (with caution and no warranty). This is specifically for filesystems that place superblocks in multiple locations, which........

  • ImageMagick error convert solution - convert-im6.q16: cache resources exhausted


    convert-im6.q16: DistributedPixelCache '127.0.0.1' @ error/distribute-cache.c/ConnectPixelCacheServer/244. convert-im6.q16: cache resources exhausted `/tmp/magick-27777Al6FGY7dhyKt10' @ error/cache.c/OpenPixelCache/3984. convert-im6.q16: DistributedPixelCache '127.0.0.1' @ error/distribute-cache.c/ConnectPixelCacheServer/244. convert-im6.q16: cache resources exhausted `/tmp/magick-277772Y_-pJnMdT2r1' @ error/cache.c/OpenPixelCache/3984. convert-im6.q16: Distr........

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    PTY allocation request failed on channel 0 You may have messed up your environment and specifically under /dev you may have remounted a wrong source point or otherwise killed /dev/pts The solution is to recreate /dev/pts or fix whatever caused it to be wiped out or broken. In verbose mode the client may show this: #verbose client Authenticated to 172.16.17.2 ([172.16.17.2]:22). debug........

  • docker error not supported as upperdir failed to start daemon: error initializing graphdriver: driver not supported


    Nov 15 17:00:49 rttbox kernel: overlayfs: filesystem on '/var/lib/docker/overlay2/check-overlayfs-support450709549/upper' not supported as upperdir Nov 15 17:00:49 rttbox dockerd[93755]: failed to start daemon: error initializing graphdriver: driver not supported The above error is often/normally caused because you are trying to run docker out of an unsuitable directory/filesystem. For example if you try to place docker's data inside an existing overl........

  • Migrated Linux Ubuntu Mint not starting services due to broken /var/run and dbus - Failed to connect to bus: No such file or directory solution


    This is a weird issue as sometimes when upgrading or even migrating, this could happen and the reason is simple but maybe not 100% obvious at first. You will find that your GUIdoesn't load and most services fail to start, even logind Here are some errors you may see: Mar 13 22:22:23 rttbox systemd-logind[2892]: Failed to connect to system bus: No such file or directory Mar 13 22:22:23 rttbox systemd-logind........

  • TSC_DEADLINE disabled due to Errata; please update microcode to version: 0x3a (or later) - Linux how to upgrade CPU microcode


    [ 0.206301] [Firmware Bug]: TSC_DEADLINE disabled due to Errata; please update microcode to version: 0x3a (or later) [ 0.430409] MDS: Vulnerable: Clear CPU buffers attempted, no microcode [ 0.430411] MMIO Stale Data: Vulnerable: Clear CPU buffers attempted, no microcode [ 2.980359] microcode: sig=0x306f2, pf=0x1, revision=0x36 [ 2.981621] microcode: Microcode Update Driv........

  • How To Stop DNSMasq from listening on all IPs/Interfaces and allow only localhost


    Some people find it less than intuitive to do on DNSMasq and by default DNSMasq is available on 0.0.0.0 which could even be your LAN or Public IP. Active Internet connections (servers and established) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name tcp ........

  • Docker Swarm vs Kubernetes Comparison Guide


    A lot of companies are unsure which solution to choose and many may not be aware of Docker Swarm as an alternative to Kubernetes. One thing that many Sysadmins find is that Docker Swarm is simply easier, quicker to setup and maintain by far than Kubernetes.........

  • When is it time to leave your VPS/VDS Cloud Hosting Provider?


    When Is It Time to Leave Your VPS, VDS, and Dedicated Server Provider? Choosing the right hosting solution—be it Virtu........

  • 2024 Buyer's Guide: How to Choose and Buy the Best VPS/VDS for Your Needs - Tips and Strategies


    In today’s digital landscape, finding a reliable and secure Virtual Private Server (VPS) or Virtual Dedicated Server (VDS) goes beyond just comparing specs and prices. With increasing concerns over data privacy, security breaches, and government surveillance, the wisdom of choosing your VPS/VDS provider based on juri........

  • Postfix / sendmail config for DKIM, SPF and DMARC Tutorial Guide E-mail Delivery for Hotmail.com Gmail.com and More HowTo


    This will be the goto to help solve e-mail delivery issues and talk about many practical issues that happen between developers, admins and scripts that send e-mail and do things that may not be acceptable or cause deliverability problems. Sendmail Stuff Edit /etc/mail/sendmail.mc The problem is that if you send directly out from the server using the mail function, the Return-path of the e-mails will be username@thehostnameoftheserver.com. Let........

  • Install Grafana on Linux Debian Ubuntu Tutorial Guide


    First we need a few extra packages: apt update apt install -y adduser libfontconfig1 musl sudo wget https://dl.grafana.com/enterprise/release/grafana-enterprise_10.3.1_amd64.deb Install / Enable Grafana dpkg -i grafana-enterprise_10.3.1_amd64.deb dpkg -i grafana-enterprise_10.3.1_amd64.deb (Reading database ... 44309 files and directories currently installed.) Preparin........

  • Mint Ubuntu Linux Gnome Showing Home Directory on Desktop instead of Desktop Directory


    During a migration or other custom setup, it's possible you don't have a $HOME/Desktop and as a result the config file that controls this is set to just use your $HOME directory. This is controlled in the file: $HOME/.config/user-dirs.dirs As we can see below, Desktop, Downloads, Music and Pictures are set to $HOME. We can edit any of these as we like. # This file is written by xdg-user-dirs-update # If you want........

  • Linux how to get list of all timezones on system Ubuntu


    find /usr/share/zoneinfo/|sed s#"/usr/share/zoneinfo/"##g|grep "/"|grep -v posix|grep -v ^"Etc/"|grep -v ^right|grep -v ^"SystemV" Africa/Addis_Ababa Africa/Abidjan Africa/Blantyre Africa/Lusaka Africa/Casablanca Africa/Libreville Africa/Asmara Africa/Bujumbura Africa/Dakar Africa/Lagos Africa/Malabo Africa/Harare Africa/Kigali........

  • Proxmox install issue cannot see the buttons or install wrong / bad resolution cannot see the entire screen problem solution


    If you are using a hypervisor to test Proxmox (eg. Vbox) then changing the video card/display adapter can fix it. For example VboxSVGA causes the issue but switching to VMSVGA fixes it. For example VboxSVGA causes the issue but switching to VMSVGA fixes it. ........

  • configure.ac:75: error: possibly undefined macro: AC_PROG_LIBTOOL If this token and others are legitimate, please use m4_pattern_allow. See the Autoconf documentation. solution


    configure.ac:75: error: possibly undefined macro: AC_PROG_LIBTOOL If this token and others are legitimate, please use m4_pattern_allow. See the Autoconf documentation. autoreconf: /usr/bin/autoconf failed with exit status: 1 make: *** [/software/pixman/configure] Error 1 make: *** Deleting file `/software/pixman/configure' yum install libtool........

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    autoreconf: Entering directory `.' autoreconf: configure.ac: not using Gettext autoreconf: running: aclocal --output=aclocal.m4t Can't exec "aclocal": No such file or directory at /usr/share/autoconf/Autom4te/FileUtils.pm line 326. autoreconf: failed to run aclocal: No such file or directory make: *** [/software/pixman/configure] Error 1 Just install automake: yum install automake........

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    This means the autoconf package is not installed, so we'll install it: /bin/sh: autoreconf: command not found yum install autoconf On Debian apt install autoconf........

  • How To Upgrade Debian 8,9,10 to Debian 12 Bookworm


    Step 1.) Upgrade to Debian 11 first The process to go to Debian 12 is not as smooth as 11, when trying to upgrade from Debian 10. In fact, it doesn't work directly, so you'll first need to follow this guide to update to Debian 11, reboot and come back here if successful. Step 2.) Update sources.list Update your /etc/apt/sources.list like this: deb http://........

  • qemu-nbd: Failed to set NBD socket solution qemu-nbd: Disconnect client, due to: Failed to read request: Unexpected end-of-file before all bytes were read


    You are trying to mount and connect to an image using qemu-nbd: qemu-nbd -c /dev/nbd0 rtt.qcow2 qemu-nbd: Failed to set NBD socket qemu-nbd: Disconnect client, due to: Failed to read request: Unexpected end-of-file before all bytes were read Another related error: qemu-nbd: Failed to unlink socket /var/lock/qemu-nbd-nbd0: Operation not permitted Error with nbd, exiting........

  • apache2 httpd apache server will not start [pid 22449:tid 139972160445760] AH00052: child pid 23248 exit signal Aborted (6) solution Mint Debian Ubuntu Redhat


    If you get this error, it is often because you have configured Apache with modules that weren't actually installed. Eg. you try to load the PHPmodule but didn't actually install the apache2 php module, so the server can't start. In general, this error can often be caused by issues with problematic modules and/or Apache being configured for modules that have not actually be installed (eg. libapache2-mod-php) is missing. The above results in this less than obv........

  • How to use the FTDI USB serial cable to RJ45 adapter to connect to the console on Cisco/Juniper Switch Router Firewall in Linux Ubuntu Debian Redhat


    This should work for most console ports of other manufacturers too. It is a quick and simple method for emegencies or deploying a few appliances/devices in a non-standard environment or small environment. However, if this is a route thing, or the equipment is not physically close to you, it would be best to use some sort of "Terminal" server which is an IP connected switch with several serial ports built-in for this purpose. Normally they accessible by web/........

  • How To Setup Python3 in Ubuntu Docker Image for AI Deep Learning


    The issue is that Docker images are stripped down, so many tools and even python3 is missing, so you'll have to build or update the actual image yourself. I assume you have started an image with something like this and that you have the Nvidia Toolkit installed (assuming you are using GPUs). If you're not using nvidia just remove --runtime=nvidia --gpus all. docker run -it --runtime=nvidia --gpus all ubuntu bash These works for most images li........

  • How to Configure NVIDIA GPUs with Docker on Ubuntu: A Comprehensive Guide for AI Deep Learning CUDA Solution


    Welcome to our in-depth guide on configuring NVIDIA GPUs with Docker on Ubuntu. This post is tailored for developers, data scientists, and IT professionals who are looking to leverage the power of NVIDIA's GPU acceleration within Docker containers. Whether you're working on machine lea........

  • Linux Ubuntu Mint how to check nameservers when /etc/resolv.conf disabled solution


    You'll notice that /etc/resolv.conf contains dire warners on most Linux Desktops. # This file is managed by man:systemd-resolved(8). Do not edit. # # This is a dynamic resolv.conf file for connecting local clients to the # internal DNS stub resolver of systemd-resolved. This file lists all # configured search domains. # # Run "resolvectl status" to see details about the uplink DNS servers # currently in use........

  • Docker cannot work on other overlayfs filesystems such as ecryptfs won't start overlayfs: filesystem on '/home/docker/overlay2/check-overlayfs-support130645871/upper' not supported as upperdir


    This does not seem to be officially documented but makes sense that an overlay on an overlay does not work and is considered an unsupported filesystem as is even NTFS . Some admins/organizations try to use ecyptfs as a simple solution to encrypt the contents of Docker. Instead, you could probably........

  • Linux How To Access Original Contents of Directory Mounted Debian Mint CentOS Redhat Solution


    Let's say you have a directory /mnt/raid which has files and directories inside it, but nothing is mounted to it. Then you mount a block device such as /dev/sdh to /mnt/raid Even though /mnt/raid has files and directories there, you can only see the mounted contents of /mnt/raid. How do we access the original contents? Just do a bind mount of the root filesystem to another location. mkdir /bindmount mount --bind / /b........

  • ecryptfs how to manually encrypt your existing home directory or other directory


    Just in case, it is reocmmended to backup the original contents of the directory (especially your home dir) before proceeding. Setup ecryptfs Run this command: ecryptfs-setup-private It will ask you for your login password, this is so that when you login, everything is automatically decrypted by using a passphrase that is wrapped with your login. You can hit enter and leave things blank for an autogenerated passphrase (for mounting) or you can en........

  • Linux How To Upgrade To The Latest Kernel Debian Mint Ubuntu


    How to check what kernel version you have/currently running? uname -rm 5.4.0-91-generic x86_64 The above shows us that we are running 5.4.0-91-generic on the x86_64 architecture. The safest way is to stick with the same flavor eg if you're on generic, and say on kernel 5.4.0 then it makes sense to follow what is below. However, if you are migrating or dual booting between newer hardware (eg. you got a........

  • Firefox how to restore and backup saved passwords and history which files/location


    The passwords are stored in the following locations on Unix/Linux: The directory is usually inside your home like this: ~/.mozilla/firefox logins.json contains the locations, username and password key*.db (usually then name could be key3.db or key4.db) Without the key file you will not see any passwords in Firefox as it is required to in order to decrypt the contents of logins.json........

  • Linux How To echo as root solution to use tee permission denied solution Ubuntu Debian Mint Redhat CentOS


    The issue is when you need to echo something as root/sudo, that it doesn't work. You can never do a sudo echo to an output file as you'd expect. Take an example to clear out wasted RAM buffers/cache like this: sudo echo 1 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches -bash: /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches: Permission denied The solution is to run tee as sudo/root What we do is echo 1, but then pipe it to the "tee" command as sudo........

  • Linux how to keep command line bash process running if you are disconnected or need to logout of SSH remotely


    So you started a process or other important task that is remote but it is in the foreground and on a pts. This means if you background with Ctrl + Z or otherwise logout or get disconnected that the process will be stopped. Here is how you can solve the problem: 1.) Hit Ctrl + Z to suspend the process. 2.) Type bg to restore the process into the background. If you do a ps aux on the process you will see it was restored with the & at the end, which puts........

  • Linux swapping too much? How to check the swappiness and stop swapping


    We could always disable swap but this would normally be a bad idea unless you have an incredible amount of RAM and a workload that will never exceed it. However, for live/containerized and high performance environments it could be desirable. Another middle ground may be to set swappiness to a lower number. You may also want to clear your kernel's cache, which could be eating up RAM unnecessarily by c........

  • request_module: runaway loop modprobe binfmt-464c Kernel panic - not syncing: No init found Pid: 1, comm: swapper/0 Not tainted solution


    request_module: runaway loop modprobe binfmt-464c Kernel panic - not syncing: No init found Pid: 1, comm: swapper/0 Not tainted This is usually caused by a mismatch in architecture and happens frequently in development environments. Here is a example of what caused this issue: Your binaries are based on one architecture Your kernel was compiled with another architecture. Why does this happe........

  • How To Add Multiple SSH Keys Ubuntu Mint Linux Debian Redhat


    By default if you create a private key for SSH, it will create something like .ssh/id_rsa Linux will always search for and offer this key when connecting to servers. If you put extra keys in your .ssh directory like id_rsa_realtechtalk.com, they will be ignored by default and NOT used or offered (you can verify this with ssh -v) and see it is not being offered. Here is how you add the extra SSH keys so they are all offered: #this gives........

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    In a lot of distros like Debian, ecryptfs will mount itself in /home/yourusername/Private This is controlled by Private.mnt which may contain the mount path like this: /home/yourusername/Private Change the default mount location of ecryptfs by modifying this file: home/.ecryptfs/yourusername/.ecryptfs/Private.mnt After you unmount and relogin, you should find ecryptfs is now mo........

  • How to upgrade to the latest Python version on Linux Ubuntu Debian Mint 3.11


    A lot of developers want to go to 3.11 because of the speed improvements, but most distros never have the latest Python version. Using the deadsnakes third party repo is the easiest way aside from compiling it yourself (which is safer and recommended): Step 1 - Add the repo apt-add-repository ppa:deadsnakes/ppa If you get an error about requests then install it:........

  • kernel panic initramfs not syncing cause solution


    Check your initramfs if it's missing /dev/null or /dev/console, this is likely the reason. If you want all actual devices to be created you could also enable devtmpfs in your kernel (.config) and mount like this during init: CONFIG_DEVTMPFS=y CONFIG_DEVTMPFS_MOUNT=y mount -t devtmpfs none /dev But note devtmpfs will not create /dev/null or /dev/console for........

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    See below in the screenshot that copy is disabled by visual mode which enables automatically: Fix it by setting this .vimrc option: echo "set mouse-=a" >> ~/.vimrc........

  • How to remove metadata from pdf on Linux Ubuntu


    Install exiftool: apt install exiftool Remove the metadata from "thefile.pdf": exiftool -all= thefile.pdf Warning: [minor] ExifTool PDF edits are reversible. Deleted tags may be recovered! - thefile.pdf 1 image files updated Metadata, in the context of PDFs, refers to a set of data that describes and gives informat........

  • How to install and configure haproxy on Linux Ubuntu Debian


    haproxy is one of the best known and widely used Open Source load balancers out there and a strong competitor to nginx. haproxy is used by many large sites per Wikipedia: HAProxy is used by a number of high-profile websites including GoDaddy, GitHub,........

  • Linux Ubuntu Mint Gnome keyboard Typing not working in certain application or window solution


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  • Cisco Howto Configure Console Port/Terminal/Comm Server with Async Cable Setup


    This assumes that you've already installed the relevant HWIC cards eg. Cisco Asynchronous Serial NIM These are essentially cards that you install into your router, once installed you connect an Async cable to one of the ports on the card which normally gives you 8 console cables and are normally labelled 1 through 8. You connect all of the cables to the devices you need (even non-Cisco devices) whether switches, routers or firewalls, they will usually work. The real m........

  • Ubuntu/Debian Linux/Unix Howto Setup Install Syslinux Bootable USB with EFI and MBR from Command Line/CLI Terminal


    There aren't too many simple guides that show you how to use commands to setup your USB or other drive as a normal bootable drive where you can easily boot custom kernels or whatever OS you would like. 1. Get the tools we need: We install "syslinux" for MBR and "syslinux-efi" for EFI and "MBR" as we need a tool that embeds the actual MBR into our USB: sudo apt install syslinux syslinux-efi mbr........

  • Cisco Switch Howto Reset Password


    This was done on a 2900 but applies to all the switches of the same era. Step 1 - Power Cycle and enter recovery mode If you have physical access you can power cycle and hold the mode button down for 15 seconds. After that the SYS light will flash on the switch and you will see the following screenshot. If you don't have physical access (eg. it is a datacenter swich over console only) then power cycle and hit "Ctrl+Pause/B........

  • SSH cannot connect to old servers/devices/switches/routers/Cisco/Juniper Unable to negotiate with 192.168.20.2 port 22: no matching key exchange method found. Their offer: diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha1,diffie-hellman-group14-sha1,diffie-hell


    A lot of older devices either support telnet or very old SSH keyx algorithms which are insecure and disabled by all newer/modern SSH clients for security reasons. However, sometimes you may be on a LAN via VPNor some other secured network or for whatever reason, absolutely, need to connect to this device and sometimes old/embedded devices may not be possible to update to a newer SSH server. If you run into this you may be using a modern/newer SSH client and get thi........

  • ksnapshot missing in Ubuntu and Linux Mint Solution


    It has been renamed to kde-spectacle so you install it like so: sudo apt install kde-spectacle You'll find it in your start menu listed as "Take Screenshot"........

  • bash how to hide username/customize prompt Linux Debian Redhat Ubuntu Solution


    Just edit your ~/.bashrc and add this at the very end: export PS1="realtechtalk.com" Then your prompt will look like this: bladeblox:uptime 08:47:14 up 48 min, 1 user, load average: 1.00, 1.07, 0.96 If you wanted a dollar sign at the end then you would change it like this: export PS1=&........

  • Cisco Router Password Reset Howto Guide Solution Cannot Login /Unknown Enable Password 2600, 2800, 2900, 3900


    It is common that you may get access to undocumented equipment and need to reset the password. This applies to many Cisco routers whether 2600, 2900, 3900 etc... Cisco's Guide says to hit Ctrl +Pause/Break but if it doesn't work on some devices causing people to say "cisco password reset pause break does not work", you can see Cisco's alternative key combinations here:........

  • Linux Mint / Ubuntu 20 Intel I219 NIC disconnects


    If you are using the stock 5.4 kernel this is normal but I can confirm it is fixed in newer 5.8 kernels. To fix it just install the 5.8 kernel and reboot: sudo apt install linux-headers-5.8.0-64-generic linux-modules-extra-5.8.0-64-generic linux-image-5.8.0-64-generic........

  • Linux can't boot/grub boot loader screen with no options solution


    Usually if you get the grub boot loader and it doesn't show any boot options, it's because grub was not installed correctly and/or the partition that it is supposed to be on has changed or does not exist. It can also happen if you install Linux to one drive, but the boot loader to another by accident, whether EFI or MBR/Legacy mode. You can normally fix your booting/bootloader/MBR/EFI it by chrooting into your root partition: #become root sudo su........

  • EFI PXE grub2 Howto guide for Linux EFI PXE Booting on Debian, Mint, Ubuntu, RHEL


    Just a quick note and warning is that if you are testing to see if EFIPXE booting works on a VM, MAKE SURE it actually works. For example Iinitially tested using my Distro's QEMU 2.5+dfsg-5ubuntu10.46 and ovmf BIOS firmware (OVMF supports EFI). However, I found on old versions of QEMU (like 2.5), EFIbooting with GRUB NEVER works so it may appear that you have made a mistake when everything is fine when you boot a physi........

  • Juniper JunOS Command Overview and Howtos Switch, Router, Firewall Tutorial Guide


    Enable "cli" mode equivalent in JunOS cli Configure Mode configure So rather than going to the console on a Cisco switch and typing "enable" and then "conf t", the equivalent in JunOS is "cli" and "configure". How Do You Apply Changes You've Made? You can make all kinds of changes to the switch, but remember they are not........

  • Linux Grub not booting the intended kernel solution in Debian, Mint, Ubuntu how to specify which kernel to boot by default


    Traditionally kernels were numbered starting from 0 but by default the "new style" of grub boot loading considers each subkernel item to be different so if you have 3 entries for 4.40-148 rather than counting for 1. To get the expected behavior let's show this example and how we can boot it We do a grep on menuentry in /boot/grub/grub.cfg to see all of the bootable kernels rather than scrolling through loads of extra entries we don't care about (thou........

  • QEMU KVM Keyboard Problems Not Working Right Repeating Characters, Ctrl+C Copy and Paste not working right when using PS2 mouse in guests Solution


    It seems that QEMU/KVM's default PS2 mouse and keyboard doesn't work right in most cases. I have especially observed issues using Ctrl+C and Ctrl+V and in Linux you may see repeated key presses in the terminal and you will wonder why you copied something and it's not in the clipboard when you try to paste. The way to temporarily fix it is to press the key that is repeating once(works in Linux but not really in Windows). Sometimes when moving your mouse it will also s........

  • Linux how to compile binary with static sharedobjects embedded instead of dynamic to use on multi-distributions and avoid glibc compatiblity issues


    One simple flag to configure will create a makefile that statically links all the shared objects and embeds them instead the binary execute. This means as long as you have the same architecture that things should run. Eg. if you have an old version of Debian with a different version of glibc, then this will solve that problem. ./configure LDFLAGS="-static" To test that it is really statically linked run ldd: ldd src/wget........

  • Mikrotik RouterOS CHR/ISO Basic and Quick Setup Howto Guide


    Many people may not be aware that you can turn commodity hardware into a Mikrotik OS and there are various options which is "CHR" (Cloud Hosted Router) which is a VMimage meant for Virtualization only (seriously, I've tried to dd the image to a physical server and it just crashed as it does not contain any drivers for physical). One note as well if you are trying to do a baremetal install you may get an error "Error Loading Operating System" or........

  • How To Boot, Install and Run Windows 2000 on QEMU-KVM


    Interestingly enough Windows 2000 works fine on QEMU 64-bit but you have to specify Pentium as your CPU otherwise it doesn't complete the install (it will not pass the detecting/setting up devices phase). -vga cirrus is wise because it is supported by Windows 2000 and allows higher resolutions and 24-bit color. -cpu Pentium emulates an old computer and is necessary for install to complete -device rtl8139 is important as this oldschool Realtek 8139 NIC is supported by W........

  • bash cannot execute permission denied


    $ ./test.sh bash: ./test.sh: Permission denied This happens normally because you are on a partition that was mounted as "user" and without the exec option. Also be sure to add exec at the end so no other options set noexec. Change your fstab or add exec to your mount options: /dev/md127 /mnt/md127 ext4 auto,nofail,noatime,rw,user,exec 0 0 ........

  • Huion and Wacom Tablets How To Install in Linux Mint / Ubuntu and make the stylus work properly


    It took a lot of fiddling to make a Huion Kamvas 13 Pro work in Linux but it simple once you know what to do. Don't bother searching as it is unlkely there is a guide out there that will actually make your tablet work. It mainly comes down to the fact that the hid_uclogic kernel module is buggy or doesn't support MANYof these wacom based/Huion tablets properly. What was happening with me is that Ihad the Kamvas 13 Huion setup as a secondary screen/monitor.&nb........

  • ffmpeg how to concat and join two video clips


    This normally works but if not use my mencoder solution if the output video does not play past the joined time. the contents of list.txt need to look like this: file somefile.mp4 file somefile2.mp4 then run ffmpeg ffmpeg -f concat -i list.txt -c copy CME-2-router-dial-peer-final.mp4 The result is almost instant joining since there is no video processing since we are........

  • mencoder instead of ffmpeg to join or concatenate video files with different audio streams


    The problem for me is that Ihad two videos with different types of audio streams. ffmpeg would join them but they would not play past the point of the join. So Iused mencoder like below and it joined the audio and made them both mp3 streams and it worked! -oac mp3lame specifies the audio to be convered into an mp3 stream using the lame codec. after the oac the two files are the ones to be joined. the -o is the name of the outp........

  • How To Replace Audio Track of Video using ffmpeg


    A very common use case is that you don't want to waste time using a video editor that requires you to open it up and manually import the video clip and audio clip, then manually delete the old audio track and import the video and new audio. That's too much work and time since we don't want to go through the hassle. ffmpeg is our solution, all we have to do is specify 3 variables and we're done! -i Windows2019-Server-Noaudio.mp4 is our in........

  • Linux and Windows Dual Boot Crazy Time Issues


    The problem is that Linux uses UTC and Windows uses the local time from the RTC. This means whenever you boot Linux or Windows and then go back to the other OS, you will find your time is incorrect because of the two different clock modes fighting. This results in very annoying issues when booting between the two because the clock is set based on the different standards once you boot (eg. Linux UTC by default and Windows RTC). For example it may cause issues with fsck and........

  • Linux Mint Dual Boot Install Avoid Wiping our your Main C: drive /dev/sda MBR and EFI


    Before you try to install and dual boot it is very important to understand the concept of "what boot mode your BIOS is in" and "what mode you booted the installer to". Then follow the example of Linux Mint (but most Linux installers are very similar)to carefully understand WHERE you are installing your Boot Loader to whether that be MBR or EFI. How Am IBooted? First it's important to check your BIOS to see........

  • QEMU-KVM soundhw deprecated how to enable sound in QEMU 4.x series


    In QEMU 4 or higher you can no longer use the normal "-soundhw ac97" flag and it is much more complicated but here is a simple copy and paste on Linux that will just work: -audiodev you have to use -audiodev to specify the driver and id driver=pa id=someid -device you have to specify the same audiodev id you used in -audiodev and driver -audiodev driver=pa,id=pa1 -devic........

  • Virtualbox Error Cannot register the hard disk because a hard disk with UUID already exists solution


    Cannot register the hard disk '/some/path/windows-marking.vdi' {f54def00-2252-43f5-9178-0998636cad61} because a hard disk '/other-path/windows-marking.vdi' with UUID {f54def00-2252-43f5-9178-0998636cad61} already exists. Result Code: NS_ERROR_INVALID_ARG (0x80070057) Component: VirtualBoxWrap Interface: IVirtualBox {0169423f-46b4-cde9-91af-1e9d5b6cd945} Callee RC: VBOX_E_OBJECT_NOT_FOUND (0x80BB0001)........

  • kernel: [549267.368859] mate-terminal[7871]: segfault at 2000000101 ip 00007f5d0a9548f0 sp 00007fff7012c610 error 4 in libgobject-2.0.so.0.4800.2[7f5d0a920000+52000]


    kernel: [549267.368859] mate-terminal[7871]: segfault at 2000000101 ip 00007f5d0a9548f0 sp 00007fff7012c610 error 4 in libgobject-2.0.so.0.4800.2[7f5d0a920000+52000] This seems to be a long-time bug in Mint mate-terminal where you sometimes move or detach a terminal and it crashes losing all of the other open terminal sessions.........

  • apcupsd how to setup and monitor APC UPS units


    It really seems limited in that it can mainly give you the things you would see on the physical unit such as load etc.. wget https://downloads.sourceforge.net/project/apcupsd/apcupsd%20-%20Stable/3.14.14/apcupsd-3.14.14.tar.gz?r=https%3A%2F%2Fsourceforge.net%2Fprojects%2Fapcupsd%2Ffiles%2Flatest%2Fdownload&ts=1598115866 tar -zxvf apcupsd-3.14.14.tar.gz cd apcupsd-3.14.14 [root@somebox apcupsd-3.14.14]# ./conf........

  • How To Password Reset, Recover, Bypass, Remove and Unlock on Windows 10,8,7,Vista,XP,NT,2000,2003,2008,2012,2016,2019 Administrative Login Programs


    If you've come here, don't be embarraassed, working in IT, this is the MOST common computer problem that almost everyone will encounter. The reason why I'm doing this post is because I've seen an increase from colleagues and admins having this problem and many times it's not even your fault. A common scenario is that someone acquires a new or used computer which they weren't given the password for. Fortunately Ihave a detailed list of all the options whether free or pa........

  • Nvidia Ubuntu Linux Screentearing Video with solution driver


    This seems to happen on most if not all Nvidia cards but the good news is that if you are using any of the Linux drivers and have the nvidia-settings tool installed it is just a simple command. Solution: nvidia-settings --assign CurrentMetaMode="nvidia-auto-select +0+0 { ForceFullCompositionPipeline = On }" Enter the above command in your terminal and the screentearing will be fixed which is like enabling Tear Free on AMD cards.&........

  • ?? Question Marks for time, permissions and size of a file?


    -?????????? ? ? ? ? ? shadow ----------. 1 root root 748 Jul 10 04:35 shadow- cat: shadow: Input/output error If you see this you are probably in big trouble, it could be a physical error or if it's a VM image that it is corrupted due to a physical error on the underlying disk/array/NAS or it could a........

  • mdadm how to stop a check


    Is a mdadm check on your trusty software RAID array happening at the worst time and slowing down your server or NAS? cat /proc/mdstat Personalities : [raid1] [raid10] md127 : active raid10 sdb4[0] sda4[1] 897500672 blocks super 1.2 2 near-copies [2/2] [UU] [==========>..........] check = 50.4% (452485504/897500672) finish=15500.3min speed=478K/sec ........

  • access denied by acl file qemu-kvm: bridge helper failed


    /usr/libexec/qemu-kvm -enable-kvm -boot order=cd,once=dc -vga cirrus -m 4096 -drive file=~/23815135.img,if=virtio -usbdevice tablet -net nic,macaddr=DE:AD:BE:EF:D4:AB -netdev bridge,br=br0,id=net0 qemu-kvm: -usbdevice tablet: '-usbdevice' is deprecated, please use '-device usb-...' instead access denied by acl file qemu-kvm: bridge helper failed [root@CentOS-82-64-minimal 23815135]# /usr/libexec/qemu-kvm -enable-kvm -boot order=cd,once=dc -vga cirrus -........

  • Linux NIC connecting at 100M instead of 1000M gigabit speeds? It could be overheating


    I was using a small box as a router and one of the ports started going off and coming back at 100M. I truly believe it is simply that it was a case of overheating. Although CPUtemps were only about 67 degrees, the physical box itself was almost burning hot. Isolved the cooling issue and never had the issue again. Jul 28 15:09:27 swithbox kernel: e1000e: eth1 NIC Link is Up 1000 Mbps Full Duplex, Flow Control: Rx/Tx Jul 28 15:09:28 swithbox kernel:........

  • http://vault.centos.org/5.9/os/i386/repodata/filelists.xml.gz: [Errno -1] Metadata file does not match checksum solution


    http://vault.centos.org/5.9/os/i386/repodata/filelists.xml.gz: [Errno -1] Metadata file does not match checksum yum clean all yum makecache yum update........

  • CentOS 6 impossible to compile a newer libguestfs


    yum -y install gcc make gperf genisoimage flex bison ncurses ncurses-devel pcre-devel augeas-devel augeas readline-devel checking for cpio... cpio checking for gperf... no configure: error: gperf must be installed configure: error: Package requirements (augeas >= 1.2.0) were not met: Requested 'augeas >= 1.2.0' but version of augeas is 1.0.0 yum remove augeas augeas-libs augeas-devel wget http://downl........

  • How To Get Started on Ubuntu with gpt-2 OpenAI Text Prediction


    apt install software-properties-common add-apt-repository ppa:deadsnakes/ppa apt update apt install python3-pip apt install python3.7 curl gnupg python3.7-dev git ln -s /usr/bin/python3.7 /usr/bin/python3 pip3 install numpy keras_preprocessing curl https://bazel.build/bazel-release.pub.gpg | sudo apt-key add - echo "deb [arch=amd64] http://storage.googleapis.com/bazel-apt stable jdk1.8" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/bazel........

  • QEMU-KVM KVM Command Line Practical Guide


    Iam going to build this based on a series of small howto QEMU / KVMposts I've made as I feel much of the information is actually hard to find and piece together from the rest of the web. What I'm going to focus on is how to use virtio as the NIC because if you don't you get very slow NIC speeds but with the virtio NIC model you basically get host speeds. /usr/libexec/qemu-kvm -enable-kvm -smp 8 -m 16000 -net user -net nic,model=virtio -drive file=ubuntu-gpt2l........

  • Linux How To Change NIC Name to eth0 instead of enps33 or enp0s25


    Most newer distros inexplicably cause your NIC to have what Icall "random" non-standard name conventions because of systemd. This is a big problem for many people and especially those running servers. Imagine that you have a static IPconfigured for ens33 but then the hard disk is moved to a newer system, the NIC could be anything from ens33 to enp0s1, meaning that manual intervention is required to go and update the NIC config file (eg. /etc/network/interfa........

  • Linux Debian Ubuntu How To Install PEPPER Faster and Latest Adobe Flash Player in Firefox


    Just run this apt install command sudo apt install pepperflashplugin-nonfree browser-plugin-freshplayer-pepperflash After this restart your browser and check Adobe's site to verify if your Pepper flash is working and showing at least version 32. https://helpx.adobe.com/flash-player.html As you'll see below it will download the latest version which is currently 32 and this was not possible with the old/crappy deprecated adobe-flash plu........

  • How To Speed Up Linux Ubuntu and Debian Based Computers By Improving CPU Performance and Changing the CPU Governor


    I used to believe that for Desktops especially that the "ondemand" CPUfrequency changing that kernels included with Ubuntu and Debian based distros have would be sufficient for snappy performance. However, you can feel the lack of performance on the fastest computer if you have ondemand. A lot of times even under high load 100% of your CPUfrequency in MHz will not be used. For example a 2.8Ghz CPUmay only run at 1.8MHz or even .9GHz. Now........

  • How To Install NextCloud on Centos 7 and Centos 8


    yum -y install wget unzip wget https://download.nextcloud.com/server/releases/nextcloud-18.0.2.zip unzip nextcloud-18.0.2.zip yum -y install php php-mysqlnd php-json php-zip php-dom php-xml php-libxml php-mbstring php-gd mysql mysql-server Last metadata expiration check: 0:58:02 ago on Fri 13 Mar 2020 02:12:49 PM EDT. Dependencies resolved. ===================================================================........

  • AH01630: client denied by server configuration:


    This happens when upgrading to Apache 2.4 from 2.2 or just because you don't have the right permissions set which we'll get into. You need this in the ........

  • ZTE Camera Cannot Work unable to connect to camera. Camera has been disabled becaue of security policies or is being used by other apps


    unable to connect to camera. Camera has been disabled becaue of security policies or is being used by other apps They say to do a factory reset but in some cases it doesn't work and the camera mysteriously just won't work so it appears to be a hardware error if that happens.........

  • QEMU KVM how to boot off a physical CD/DVD/BDROM Drive


    It's as simple as below where you just specify the dev device of the CDROM which is usually /dev/sr0. You can boot actual bootable discs like Windows, Linux, etc straight from a physical drive this way. sudo qemu-system-x86_64 -cdrom /dev/sr0 -m 4096 ........

  • How To Install OpenProject on Centos 7 Step-by-Step Guide


    There are a few caveats that may not be obvious to everyone so I am going to cover them here but keep this in mind before starting. Before starting install epel or you will be missing tesseract: yum -y install epel-release #1) When you specify your SSL certificate with a full path, it really needs to exist where you tell it to (including the default location of /etc/ssl/certs and /etc/ssl/c........

  • Ubuntu Debian Linux Cannot Install Wine Solution - wine1.6 : Depends: wine1.6-i386 (= 1:1.6.2-0ubuntu14.2) but it is not installable wine1.4 : Depends: wine1.6 but it is not going to be installed


    If you've ever gotten errors like this the solution is simple, you need i386 enabled on your 64-bit install because wine depends on some 32-bit x86 libraries: dpkg --add-architecture i386 apt update apt install wine After that it will install just fine. apt install wine Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done........

  • How To Install python 3.4 3.5 and up on Linux with wine - Working Solution


    This is sure simple if you follow the guide but it took a lot of hacking around to make this work on Debian/Ubuntu! Now before you ask why bother running wine and python, the reason is because Python executables are NOT cross-platform. If you run pyinstaller in Linux, that binary will only run on Linux and the same if you do it in Windows. So it is preferable if you have a single environment that you can create Linux and Windows binaries from rather than running 2 separate........

  • using Xvfb on virtual remote ssh server to have X graphical programs work


    The scenario here is that you have some sort of remote headless Linux server but would like to run some programs on them and get graphical access to them. The problem is that the remote server may be an image or VMwithout any virtual GPU and even if so, it is likely without KDE or Gnome, so there's no real way to do this, unless you follow our guide. Install xvfb apt install xvfb Reading package lists... D........

  • ssh Received disconnect from port 22:2: Too many authentication failures


    If you are getting this error it is usually caused by having more than 5 keys in your ".ssh" directory. It is a bit of a bug and this is how it manifests itself. You will find at this point that you are not given any chance to enter a password, or if you are using key based auth that the same thing happens. You'll also find that this is happening with ALLservers you try connecting to. The solution is to move away key pairs from .ssh so that there ar........

  • OpenVZ vs LXC DIR mode poor security in LXC


    It is unfortunate that LXC's dir mode is completely insecure and allows way too much information from the host to be seen. I wonder if there will eventually be a way to break into the host filesystem or other container's storage? OpenVZ better security: [root@ev ~]# cat /proc/mdstat cat: /proc/mdstat: No such file or directory /dev/simfs 843G 740G 61G........

  • Radeon R3 GPU on Debian Crashing


    Occasionally my whole screen locks up and I cannot even swith to the console and I find this in my syslog: *-display description: VGA compatible controller product: Mullins [Radeon R3 Graphics] vendor: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD/ATI]  ........

  • MySQL 5.7 on Debian and Ubuntu - How To Reset Root Password


    MySQL on Debian versions is configured differently than the native local MySQL plugin so you will be disappointed when your password on the mysql client fails by default. Here is how you reset the MySQL root password the proper and "working way" #first we gracefully stop mysql sudo systemctl stop mysql; #then we forcefully kill any mysqld process just in case sudo killall -9 mysqld mysqld_safe;........

  • SSH and sshfs timeout settings keepalive


    A big problem over ssh and especially sshfs is that your connection will often timeout and disconnect after inactivity. To fix this you can modify the server but it may not be practical or you may not have access. Why not send keep alives fom your end (client side)? Just edit /etc/ssh/ssh_config (not to be confused with sshd_config as that is the server side): Find the line that says "Host *" and change it like this:........

  • Convert and install to LUKS Encrypted Drive Ubuntu 18.04 19.10 Linux Mint and Debian Based Linux


    The reason for doing this is that the installer doesn't seem to work properly for LUKS and the server installer doesn't even support LUKS anymore. When you use the GUI install on Desktop for LUKS it won't boot and will just hang after you enter your password. So the only reliable way is to do it ourselves. 1.) Make a default minimal install of Ubuntu 2.) Have a secondary disk on the server or VM. 3.)........

  • Debian and Netplan


    Create your netplan file vi /etc/netplan/01-netcfg.yaml network: version: 2 renderer: networkd ethernets: ens3: dhcp4: no ........

  • CentOS 8 RHEL 8 Alma Linux Rocky Linux how to restart the network!


    Yes you have that right, the network service in RHEL8 / CentOS 8 / Rocky Linux / Alma Linux no longer exists. So there is no more systemctl restart network You can restart NetworkManager but it doesn't have the same effect or ifup/ifdown on all interfaces. Generally if NetworkManager is installed you will want to restart it or it won't apply the settings from ifcfg. systemctl restart NetworkManager To repl........

  • ADATA USB Thumb Drive Issues


    This is the reason that I don't like the new ADATA USB drives such as the UV128/64GB or 128GB drives and other ones that look to be the same style (the green sliding USB connector). They just don't work well from new and never work properly at any point. [ 788.242463] usb 1-1.2: new high-speed USB device number 16 using ehci-pci [ 788.339816] usb 1-1.2: New USB device found, idVendor=125f, idProduct=db8a [ 7........

  • SSH How To Create Public/Private Key Pair and with a Larger Keysize than 2048 bits


    The problem is that by default ssh-keygen loves to generate an easy to crack 2048 bit key (RSA). Supposedly having a larger keysize helps such as 4096 or 8096 but it is thought to be useless still against Quantum computing. How can I check my existing keysize and type? ssh-keygen -lf /path/to/your/id_rsa.pub The output will be something like below followed by the hash. The first number is the key size and the second part will b........

  • selenium.common.exceptions.WebDriverException: Message: Can not connect to the Service geckodriver


    A lot of times this is actually caused by simply not having Firefox installed at all. selenium.common.exceptions.WebDriverException: Message: Can not connect to the Service geckodriver https://github.com/mozilla/geckodriver/issues/270........

  • python ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'bs4' even though you have the module


    In this case I am executing using "python3" but what you find in cases like this can be surprising. The most common issues are that someone has a module for python 2 "pip" and doesn't realize they need "pip3" to install it for python3, but this is not one of those cases. ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'bs4' OKmaybe we didn't install it for python3? [........

  • apache symlinks denied even with followsymlinks


    Symbolic link not allowed or link target not accessible: /path/httpdocs/news.html There are a few reasons that can cause this message and this is for people who have ruled out the basics, eg. your symlinks are enabled and the right permissions are applied (but read on to learn about ownership requirements above the directory in question). So there are a few key things here that cause Apache not to follow symlinks:........

  • how to use ifplugd in Linux to execute a command or script when a NIC cable is unplugged or plugged in


    It is fairly simple to use once you know how to use it. However, the tricky thing is that by default it doesn't seem to be active or listen on any interface on manually specified. How To Install ifplugd First we install ifplugd sudo apt install ifplugd Let's enable it on our desired device(s) vi /etc/default/ifplugd set this line as so:........

  • mpv / mplayer with Radeon / AMD GPU Video Card Driver enable VDPAU GPU Accelerated Video Decoding


    The easiest way to know if your videos are playing with GPU acceleration are to watch the process of xplayer, mpv or whatever you are playing. The CPU usage should be no more than 10% for that process/program if it is using acceleration. Let's manually play with vdpau to make sure it works before we make it permanent: First make sure you have libvdpau installed: sudo apt install vdpau-driver-all If yo........

  • Wordpress Reset Blog User Password from MySQL Using Linux Bash and not PHPMyadmin


    The reason we use the command below is because we need the md5sum value hash of the password. This means that we cannot use the md5sum Change "yournewpass" to the pass you want to set echo -n "yournewpass" | md5sum Then you get the md5sum hash of whatever you entered eg. in this case "yournewpass" 5a9351ed00c7d484486c571e7a78c913 ........

  • Ubuntu Linux Mint Debian xorg performance and tear-free tuning for AMD Radeon Based Cards


    I find that the default settings for the radeon driver that is applied to most AMD cards is horrible. For example by default TearFree is not enabled and it causes videos to have some kind of square artifacts. Here are the settings I have found most suitable for AMD cards: You need to create file in the following path and restart Xorg or your computer to apply it: *Beware that making a mistake here will possibly make your computer........

  • Centos 7 How to install Mysql/Mariadb


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  • l2tp ipsec VPN Error Sep 12 18:16:25 vps pluto[7299]: ERROR: asynchronous network error report on eth0 (sport=500) for message to 192.5.6.2 port 20640, complainant 192.5.6.2: Connection refused [errno 111, origin ICMP type 3 code 3 (not authenticated


    Sep 12 18:16:25 vps pluto[7299]: ERROR: asynchronous network error report on eth0 (sport=500) for message to 192.5.6.2 port 20640, complainant 192.5.6.2: Connection refused [errno 111, origin ICMP type 3 code 3 (not authenticated)] Some say changing the "leftprotoport=17/%any" will fix this but I have not found this to be the case. Essentially it means at least one end is blocking the ipsec packets. Sometimes the %any allows an alt........

  • Centos 5.9 Working Vault Repo file


    Centos 5 is not supported running yum will produce an error like this: YumRepo Error: All mirror URLs are not using ftp, http[s] or file. Eg. Invalid release/ removing mirrorlist with no valid mirrors: /var/cache/yum/base/mirrorlist.txt Error: Cannot find a valid baseurl for repo: base Solution - Update this file CentOS-Base.repo # CentOS-Base.repo........

  • ecryptfs how to mount or recover from a backup


    The easiest way to recover or mount an off-line ecryptfs directory is the built-in command from ecryptfs sudo ecryptfs-recover-private It will find your wrapped passphrase and ask for your password and mount it in tmp. Much easier especially when your current active OS is using ecryptfs too. This a fantastic tool when going through old backups.........

  • Linux bash script to see what connected computers respond to ping


    A great way when moving your equipment to a new location, new router/switch etc to help confirm what MAC has what IP: for ip in `arp -na|awk '{print $2}'|sed s/(//g|sed s/)//g`; do echo ping $ip ping -c 1 -w 1 $ip > /dev/null if [ "$?" == 0 ]; then echo "$ip UP" fi done........

  • rsync specify alternate port non-standard port than 22


    It is not obvious but the rsync --help rsync --help|grep port --port=PORT specify double-colon alternate port number --port does not do anything at all actually for some strange reason it still uses 22 You have to specify a manual ssh command to make it work: -e 'ssh -........

  • Linux Mint/Ubuntu/Debian apt how to downgrade a package


    First of all check to see which version if any you have available for a downgrade: apt-cache showpkg packagename Downgrade/Install old package: apt-get install package=version Example apt-cache showpkg caja Package: caja Versions: 1.10.3-1+rafaela (/var/lib/apt/lists/packages.linuxmint.com_dists_rafaela_import_binary-amd64_Packages) (/var/........

  • kdenlive titles/text renders as white screen when using .sh script


    When using the .sh script the rendering doesn't work after an upgrade of related packages to kdenlive. kdenlive (kdenlive:amd64 (4:17.04.1+git201705191233~ubuntu16.04.1)) with affine or composite transitions was fine but is now broken during the time of transition it is just a white screen. The previous version was fine: kdenlive:amd64 (4:17.04.1+git201705191233~ubuntu16.04.1 But now I can't find it or install it:........

  • /usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lboost_system-mt-s /usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lboost_filesystem-mt-s /usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lboost_program_options-mt-s /usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lboost_thread-mt-s collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status make: *** [cag


    cagecoin linux compile: sudo apt-get install qt4-qmake libqt4-dev build-essential libboost-dev libboost-system-dev libboost-filesystem-dev libboost-program-options-dev libboost-thread-dev libssl-dev libdb++-dev libminiupnpc-dev Solution: sed -i s/"BOOST_LIB_SUFFIX=-mt-s"/"#BOOST_LIB_SU........

  • Wine uninstalled broken on Linux Mint


    Solution: Aptitude is very smart and fixed the issues it was because of nvidia cuda and opencl and nothing else suggested or hinted this using apt sudo aptitude install wine The following NEW packages will be installed: ocl-icd-libopencl1{ab} ocl-icd-libopencl1:i386{ab} wine wine1.6 wine1.6-amd64{a} wine1.6-i386:i386{a} The following packages will be REMOVED:........

  • ffmpeg trouble concatenating similar but different files


    When things go wrong your video is basically unplayable or the first video plays fine and then freezes when moving on to the next. Generally if both videos weren't produced with the exact 100% same settings you will have issues. You can try the basic concat but it often won't work right. Solution for me: My example uses 3 videos in total so "n=3" and a=1 to include audio. ffmpeg -threads 12 -i file1.mp4 -........

  • ffmpeg Unable to Use Hardware Encoding with Nvidia 3.40 Driver and GT210 card


    I believe from what I've read that this card's driver doesn't support the features after trying all known troubleshooting methods. ffmpeg -i uservideoRendered.mp4 -filter:v hwupload_cuda,scale_npp=w=1920:h=1080:format=nv12:interp_algo=lanczos,hwdownload -c:v hevc_nvenc -profile main -preset slow -rc vbr_hq -c:a copy uservideoRendered.mp4-test ffmpeg -i uservideoRendered.mp4 -filter:v hwupload_cuda,scale_npp=w=1920:h=1080:format=nv12:interp_algo=lanczos,hwdownload........

  • Linux Mint USB Kernel Tainted and Locked Port/Dev File


    Essentially a program I was running for mining did not terminate properly with Ctrl+C it is listed as defunct and cannot be killed, kernel is tainted and normal tricks to disable the port are impossible the dev and sys entries for the device cannot be browsed or interacted with in any form without a lockup of the request. The only solution is to reboot due to the kernel taint as far as I can find so far. [1130246.811056] INFO: task minerd:21861 blocked for more th........

  • ffmpeg Linux Mint download, compile and install howto


    #if you have nvidia make sure you install the nvidia-cuda-toolkit so hardware acceleration can be used wget http://ffmpeg.org/releases/ffmpeg-3.3.2.tar.bz2 tar -jxvf ffmpeg-3.3.2.tar.bz2 cd ffmpeg-3.3.2/ ./configure --disable-yasm install prefix /usr/local source path ........

  • How to extract view contents of initramfs image gzip'd


    Very simple browse to your /boot directory It does make more sense to extract the image in its own directory eg "initramfs-blabla-dir" as it will literally extract directly to the pwd. cp initramfs.img someotherdir cd someotherdir zcat initramfs-3.10.0-514.el7.x86_64.img | cpio -idmv........

  • Centos 7 How To Change Hostname


    Some guides still use the old Centos 6 style (do not use /etc/sysconfig/network). In Centos 7 the file is /etc/hostname echo "HOSTNAME=yourhostname.com" > /etc/hostname........

  • Debian/Mint/Ubuntu Font Packs/Recommended To Install


    This will give you a lot more nice fonts to work with. Usually you must restart the program you are using to see the new fonts. ttf-mscorefonts-installer fonts-larabie-* ttf-xfree86-* ubuntustudio-fonts ttf-* fonts-*........

  • Migrate Centos 7 from Single HDD to mdadm RAID 10 array:


    Done on Centos 7.3 very important as clearly based on older guides it was a lot easier and more simpler! Hint do not use grub2-install! If you have trouble booting after this check this CentOS mdadm RAID booting/fixing guide. One huge caveat if you are an oldschool user or sysadmin who has avoided UEFIbooting The nor........

  • How to change reserved blocks in Linux partition


    user@box:~$ sudo tune2fs -l /dev/md99 [sudo] password for user: tune2fs 1.42.9 (4-Feb-2014) Filesystem volume name: Last mounted on: /mnt/md50 Filesystem UUID: 976a8655-2619-4587-878c-dab07f7b7652 Filesystem magic number: 0xEF53 Filesystem revision #: 1 (dynamic) Fi........

  • Reading package lists... Done W: GPG error: http://ppa.launchpad.net trusty InRelease: The following signatures couldn't be verified because the public key is not available: NO_PUBKEY D46F45428842CE5E


    Still looking for the solution Working Solution 2017/07 sudo apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys D46F45428842CE5E Solution gpg --keyserver hkp://subkeys.pgp.net --recv-keys D46F45428842CE5E gpg: requesting key 8842CE5E from hkp server subkeys.pgp.net gpg: keyserver timed out gpg: keyserver........

  • USB 3.0 External HDD Enclosure Seagate UAS problems - [sdd] tag#1 CDB: Write(16) 8a 00 00 00 00 01 70 04 08 68 00 00 00 08 00 00


    This is a 8TB Seagate external USB 3.0 device apparently newer kernels use a module called "UAS" instead of "USB Storage" which causes issues as a lot of devices are not properly supported in UAS mode by the kernel driver. The solution some say is to disable UAS specifically for your USB device but I'd rather just disable UAS altogether. Solution blacklist UAS: *do not do this it does not work and just causes your USB 3.0........

  • Centos 7 Cudaminer Nvidia setup guide


    I am using a GTX 1060 but replace the download for the driver with the correct/current version for your particular card by visiting: http://www.nvidia.com/Download/index.aspx?lang=en-us yum install automake curl openssl-devel libcurl-devel gcc gcc-c++ yum -y install kernel-devel-`uname -r` yum -y install unzip #the........

  • USB 3.0 PCI x1 Card Review VIA VL805 on Linux Review and Experience


    This is a VIA made VL805 USB 3.0 Chipset with 4-ports and MOLEX powered. First of all this unit was cheap at about only 9 USD with fast shipping. My biggest concern was if this was a quality unit and would it really give you full USB 3.0 speeds (some people reported with similar cards that for some weird r........

  • rsync run as root sudo without password


    This is a common issue, what if a issue shouldn't have root but you want to use that user to make a full backup of a system? They of course need root access. You can actually just give them passwordless sudo access to rsync in /etc/sudoers: sudo vi /etc/sudoers yourusername ALL = NOPASSWD: /usr/bin/rsync Here is how you would execute rsync: The key thing for the remote host is to........

  • Why won't my Linux Mint boot after I manually installed a new kernel?


    Why won't my Linux Mint boot after I manually installed a new kernel? eg. apt-get install linux-image-newerone Do this dpkg -l|grep linux-image|grep extra ii linux-image-extra-3.16.0-38-generic 3.16.0-38.52~14.04.1&nb........

  • cudaminer freezes Linux Mint taints kernel


    When running cudaminer once it tries to initialize the card the entire screen freezes. The computer itself is still running but the Xorg is done for, you cannot even switch to another console window and must reboot (even an mdm or Xorg restart does not help). At first cudaminer will give you these errors: stratrum_recv_line failed ...retry after 15 seconds GPU #0: Geforce 210 with compute ca........

  • Linux Mint Intel Screen Tearing Horizontal Line Solution Fix Intel i915 Intel HD 4400 GPU Debian / Ubuntu


    sudo mkdir -p /etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/ sudo vi /etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/20-intel.conf On newer Ubuntu / Mint / Debian systems the file would go in: /usr/share/X11/xorg.conf.d/20-intel.conf Type "i" and enter the following: Section "Device" Identifier "Intel Graphics" Driver&n........

  • process_usershare_file: stat of /var/lib/samba/usershares/dump failed. Permission denied - samba error solution


    [2017/06/12 21:14:04.991169, 0] ../source3/param/loadparm.c:3259(process_usershare_file) process_usershare_file: stat of /var/lib/samba/usershares/dump failed. Permission denied Issue was the parent directory needed chmod 755........

  • imagemagick pdf convert error solution - **** Warning: can't process font stream, loading font by the name. Can't find CMap Identity-UTF16-H building a CIDDecoding resource. Warning: falling back to Identity ordering **** Error reading a conte


    **** Warning: can't process font stream, loading font by the name. Can't find CMap Identity-UTF16-H building a CIDDecoding resource. Warning: falling back to Identity ordering **** Error reading a content stream. The page may be incomplete. **** File did not complete the page properly and may be damaged. **** This file had errors that were repaired or ignored. ****........

  • USB Device/MP3 Player not working properly and can't browse the device filesystem? Check the cable twice and again!


    Here is a simple MP3 player and now there's a reason to understand why the supplied cable has some kind of capacitor and is very short. These devices can be VERY finicky and any voltage fluctuation or difference is enough to cause issues. Take for example the error messages from Linux Mint: [804829.895414] usb 1-1: USB disconnect, device number 11 [806961.109030] usb 1-1: new high-speed USB device number 12 using xhci_hcd........

  • Centos/Linux Bash Script Warning when exiting/logging out of bash/shell/terminal for scripts running in the background


    This is mainly the case on Centos but applies to other distros and situations. If you are running programs in the background with the &, at least in Centos it is usually not honored and if you quit or are disconnected the backgrounded programs will be sent sighup and be shut down. The simplest way around this instead of using & is to start any programs or commands with "nohup" Eg. nohup yourscript.sh........

  • Nvidia Linux Mint/Ubuntu screentearing horizontal line solution


    Finally after ages I found the solution which is on many pages on the net but not obvious and should have been standard or more common info! Instant Solution: Type this into the terminal (unfortunately the driver config menu doesn't have the option as itis hidden): nvidia-settings --assign CurrentMetaMode="nvidia-auto-select +0+0 { ForceCompositionPipeline = On }" Make permanent Cli........

  • Openshot 2.2 is very unstable always crashing in Linux Mint 18.1!


    Jun 1 15:45:42 videoeditor-desktop org.mate.panel.applet.MintMenuAppletFactory[1882]: project_data:INFO Missing folder chosen by user: Jun 1 15:45:42 videoeditor-desktop org.mate.panel.applet.MintMenuAppletFactory[1882]: project_data:INFO Removed missing file: MAH02949.MP4 Jun 1 15:45:57 videoeditor-desktop org.mate.panel.applet.MintMenuAppletFactory[1882]: ui_util:WARNING Icon theme media-playback-start not found. Will use backup........

  • Track 01: 34 of 1726 MB written (fifo 100%) [buf 99%] 3.6x.Errno: 5 (Input/output error), write_g1 scsi sendcmd: cmd timeout after 1.897 (40) s CDB: 2A 00 00 00 44 A9 00 00 1F 00 resid: 6144 cmd finished after 1.897s timeout 40s write track da


    These errors believe it or not are simply because of not being the root user or running with sudo! However if you didn't know to try as root you'd think there was a problem with your burner or disc Essentially it looks like without root you cannot send the required scsi commands to continue writing. Ithink cdrecord should have built-in tests or safeguards to see if it has the permissions to run the required commands. I guess for more advanced users the idea is simila........

  • Transaction Check Error: file /usr/lib64/php/modules/fileinfo.so conflicts between attempted installs of php-pecl-fileinfo-1.0.4-2.el6.rf.x86_64 and php-common-5.3.3-49.el6.x86_64 solution


    Transaction Check Error: file /usr/lib64/php/modules/fileinfo.so conflicts between attempted installs of php-pecl-fileinfo-1.0.4-2.el6.rf.x86_64 and php-common-5.3.3-49.el6.x86_64 solution you can't install php-pecl-fileinfo it seems to be incompatble with the php5.3 being installed: yum --exclude=php-pecl-fileinfo --skip-broken --disablerepo=epel install php-*........

  • Intel NUC J3455 Linux Support Ubuntu/Linux Mint Issues


    I get the following error "Installer Crashed" on 18.1 MATE 64-bit when installing by NFS/PXE. Yet it was able to at least detect and use my NIC (perhaps the driver was only activated because of PXE/NFS being used)? When using 18.1 Cinnamon on CD the NIC does not work but the installer did succeed. However it doesn't work right, I can't login graphically and get some Cinnamon OOMerror but how can this be with 8GB of RAM straight from login?........

  • Linux Mint Install Netboot PXE Guide Howto


    *Update so this doesn't work it must be something to do with the path of nfs or something else but the installer fails with "Installer crashed" at the end whereas with the CD/USB it works. This assumes you've already installed and configured a separate PXE/DHCP server somewhere else and your /tftpboot directory is setup. This is for Linux Mint 18.1 but generally applies to most versions although you may have tro change things like "casper"........

  • Coolermaster CM Storm Enable LED Backlight in Fedora/Ubuntu/Mint Linux Howto - MB24 Keyboard and MS2K Mouse


    Just type the following in the bash/terminal shell to enable the blue LED light on the Coolermaster CM Storm keyboard: xset led 3 To make it automatic and permanent execute the following as root: echo "xset led 3" >> /etc/rc.local This is a fairly nice gaming keyboard whichI bought because I type very quickly and the cheap standard keyboards simply can't keep up!........

  • wget how to resume download!


    It's very simple you just use the "-c" switch and wget will resume the file (make sure you are in the same directory) or specify -O /path/to/partialdownload.zip wget -c http://someurl/file.zip........

  • cPanel error Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' when adding remote MySQL IP address solution


    Error while connecting to MYSQL: (XID 4ea7s9) Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: YES) at /usr/local/cpanel/Cpanel/Mysql.pm line 181 Solution This error occurs because the /root/.my.cnf has the wrong/outdated password for MySQL root user. Simply edit /root/.my.cnf with the correct user. This normally happens if you update outside of cPanel.........

  • Linux shows my drive as being dead is it really? Buffer I/O error on device sdb, logical block 0 sd 3:0:0:0: [sdb] CDB: Read(10): 28 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 08 00


    Normally the below would indicate a failing or failed drive. In this case the SATA port was unplugged and sometimes the Linux kernel/motherboard even with AHCIjust don't play nice and can't handle it. What happened is Iplugged in a new drive after removing another one. However the log shows that after the old drive was plugged in the Linux kernel kept complaining thinking the drive was there but not responding properly. This continued even with reseating........

  • use ffmpeg to watermark videos if mencoder/bmovl fail


    If you have this problem: http://realtechtalk.com/mencoder_bmovl_error_vf_bmovl_Unknown_command_Ignoring_-1860-articles Then ffmpeg is for you. Go here if you are using Linux Mint and cannot find or install it to use an external PPA........

  • mencoder bmovl error vf_bmovl: Unknown command: ''. Ignoring.


    Based on this tutorial: http://www.linuxjournal.com/content/overlay-images-video-using-mplayer-and-mencoder mencoder -oac pcm -ovc raw -vf bmovl=0:0:tfifo -o $output $file vf_bmovl: Unknown command: ''. Ignoring. ........

  • Linux Mint/Ubuntu/Debian Nvidia driver becomes slow graphics performance issue


    I've had this issue since Ubuntu 9 and now even on Linux Mint 17 no matter what latest version of the Nvidia proprietary driver that I use. It just becomes slower and slower and only gets better after rebooting or restarting Xorg. Someone here has it as well https://askubuntu.com/questions/822449/graphics-becomes-slow-after-a-while/917886 It's very fru........

  • Linux Mint missing ffmpeg solution to install from Ubuntu PPA


    This is very annoying that ffmpeg is missing from Linux Mint! They have ffmpeg2theora which is a totally different codec and does not work as ffmpeg does at all (it is basically totally different). However on Linux Mint 17 I was able to use a Ubuntu PPA and sucessfully install ffmpeg! https://launchpad.net/~mc3man/+archive/ubuntu/trusty-media Adding this PPA to your system........

  • phpBB3 slow and internal dummy connection


    Using Apache 2.2 and PHP5.6 PHPBB3 is very slow to respond. Actually for some reason it takes so long to even register a log entry in access_log as in several seconds or a few minutes later it shows up in Apache. All other vhosts and Apache access stops working and freezes until the request to access PHPBB3 slowly completes. It seems to randomly be slow if you stop using it whether for posting or reading the forums. I've migrated to different machines including........

  • check if Apache uses worker MPM or prefork MPM


    apachectl -l Compiled in modules: core.c prefork.c http_core.c mod_so.c It is "prefork.c" so in httpd.conf these settings are what you would use (if you use worker.c it won't have any impact): StartServers 2 MinSpareServers 5 MaxSpareServers&nb........

  • text to speech for Linux


    espeak - is horrible and sounds very old and robotic echo "hello there"|espeak #don't know how to use mbrola and plugins cicero jovie just seems to be a graphical interface to espeak There is also sbreader/sapi Google's Text To Speech Works Quite Well #!/bin/bash say() { local IFS=+;/usr/bin/mplayer -ao alsa -really-quiet -noconsolec........

  • How to convert xlsx/xls Excel file into csv


    A lot of times these files seem to lag and be incredibly slow even if just a few dozens rows of data. Here is how you can convert it with "gnumeric": ssconvert file.xlsx file.csv You may get lots of weird errors like this but the conversion seems to work fine: (ssconvert:15244): GLib-GObject-WARNING **: g_object_set_valist: object class 'SheetObjectImage' has no property named 'style'........

  • Linux bash script how to generate a random password using /dev/urandom


    This command will generate a random password using all letters and numbers that is 20 characters wrong based on /dev/urandom (for the most truly random output). echo `< /dev/urandom tr -dc _A-Z-a-z-0-9 | head -c${1:-20};echo;`........

  • How to create openssl md5 password hash to use in /etc/shadow using bash


    Very useful in embedded and other non-standard deployments. The above makes a random salt of 14 random characters from /dev/urandom (you can change the -14 to whatever number of characters you want for your salt). openssl passwd -1 -salt `< /dev/urandom tr -dc _A-Z-a-z-0-9 | head -c${1:-14};echo;` YourPassword Output: $1$eW-ScuyL$f/iKMJ5mbJ..7bSzvX6EO0 How To Create Password Has........

  • Avocent DSR8020 KVM/IP - Network Connect Error - Solution


    This error is commonly due to Java security or TLS settings but there is a second issue with forwarded ports that also causes it. 1. Java Security/TLS Settings issue: This article has the solution to change them all in Linux automatically 2. Port Forwarding Issue if your Avocent DSR is behind NAT/private IP........

  • tar extraction changes ownership of /root directory


    Ihave a tar and when extracting it changes /root to a uid and gid of the source server which is bad especially for /root! You can get around this by extracting as follows: Add the -o switch which means "--no-same-owner" tar -o -zxvf sometar.tar.gz........

  • ubuntu Linux colour dropper picker


    gpick is a great and simple tool now that I now how to use it sudo apt-get install gpick The trick is to find "the swatch" I was in a rush and was frustrated that it wouldn't work how Iexpected and I had to memorize the hex code of the color my mouse was over. There is something it tells you to do which is "Click on the swatch area" (click onthe honeycomb graphic area that is the s........

  • zip warning: name not matched: in Linux Solution


    There are usually two reasons for this. #1 The most common is that you need to enable the -r (recursive) flag with zip to make it recurse into directories. So the solution is to use -r zip -r somefile.zip yourfiles #2 If you are using bash scripting based on ls without the full path or for some other reason the full path is missing, zip looks for the files in the current directory so this will always fail.........

  • ls in Linux with full directory path with files howto


    Normally an ls will just produce the actual contents of the current or target directory eg. ls mydir myfile1 myfile2 myfile3 But what if you need to find the full or relative path to another program that cares whether that be zip or etc.? You need the "-d" switch and the asterisk inside the actual directory. ls -d mydir/* mydir/myfil........

  • bash how to check if a symlink exists as a file or directory


    To check if a file/directory is a symlink in bash: if [ -L /some/path/file ]; then echo "OK we're a symlink" fi That's all there is to it and then you can see if the symlink target already exists. Why it is important to know if a file or directory is a symlink: Data Integrity: Deleting a symlink won't delete the target file or directory. Conversely, dele........

  • Linux how to whois query other gTLDs such as .club solution


    whois in Linux is incredibly out of date and does not seem to recognize most new TLDs domains, but there is a quick and easy tip/hack/tweak for this. An example of new TLD's site as .review .site .club whois somesite.club No whois server is known for this kind of object. bash to the rescue Now I did try to apply this in .bashrc but DONOT! Ithink the * wil........

  • How to verify SSL SHA-1 Certificate Fingerprnit Signature of your mail/web server to avoid hijacking/man-in-the-middle attacks


    This is especially helpful if you run your own servers. If you are presented with an error message or warning that the signature has changed or does not match the IP/domain you are connecting to you always want to verify manually. So your e-mail/web client will show you an SHA-1 fingerprint like this: "Could not verify this certificate because the issuer is unkown" or other reasons such as a mismatch in IP/domain. It will also show you........

  • ecryptfs errors


    ecryptfs-mount-private Enter your login passphrase: Inserted auth tok with sig [ee16d84] "into the user session keyring mount: No such file or directory" [ 156.118113] ecryptfs_mount: kern_path() failed [ 156.118431] Reading sb failed; rc = [-2] [ 164.233055] traps: mate-notificati[3472] trap int3 ip:7f43d7002c13 sp:7fff162c6600 error:0 [ 166.017061] ecryptfs_mount: kern_path() failed........

  • Migrating from Linux Mint 17.2 mdadm RAID array to a new one (because I upgraded to larger drives).


    1.) Replicate the number of partitions in your new drives. gdisk /dev/sda gdisk /dev/sdb I created 3 partitions of the same same size. partition #1: +1G (/boot) partition #2: +60G (swap) partition #3: rest of it (/) #note if you are using GPT/gdisk you need to create separate a partition at least 1MB in size (in my case I would a 4th partition and mark it type ef02).........

  • Linux how to reformat html file code solution


    The solution is simply "tidy"/Tidy-HTML. It will take your poorly formatted HTML code (and I mean files that span just a few lines that are unreadable) and fix it up. Note the command below does everything in place. *Make sure you take a backup of all .html files* It also seems to break html5 code/templates so beware. tidy -im yourfile.html An automated way in bash:........

  • ENOM how to do a 301 redirect to another domain/site


    Just manage your domain in Enom and choose "Host Records" Choose "URL Redirect" as the record type. As shown below choose the URL and add "?redir_mode=301" to the end of it. To test the 301 and make sure it is a 301 (unlike Godaddy which really did a 302 when I chose 301!). ........

  • Linux how to check http headers using bash/curl for SEO


    What code is being returned or where is a URL/domain redirecting you to? Curl makes this easy and simple: curl -Iyourdomain.com........

  • Linux SAMBA does not work with symlinks


    At first I thought it's just not possible but there is actually an option that can be enabled to make symlinks work with Samba. Then I put this under the [global] section Note: It's "wide links" and not "wide symlinks" (some other sites have incorrect info which was a frustrating waste of time :)) Add this to your smb.conf follow symlinks = yes wide links = yes unix ex........

  • How to Execute PHP in .html files with Apache in Linux Centos/Debian/Ubuntu etc


    Add this to the .htaccess file #right/working: AddType application/x-httpd-php .html .htm #wrong (won't work in many cases): AddHandler application/x-httpd-php5 .html .htm........

  • yum Packages skipped because of dependency problems:


    Solution: yum -y install --skip-broken package-you-want-to-install Packages skipped because of dependency problems: php56w-mysql-5.6.30-1.w6.x86_64 from webtatic Error: Multilib version problems found. This often means that the root cause is something else and multilib version checking is just pointing out that there is........

  • How Do you Open/Extract .WARC Internet Archive Files on Linux Ubuntu/Mint/Centos?


    Get the python "warc extractor" from here. WARC just seems to be such an unnecessary and complicated format. Why not use tar, rar, zip etc...? ./warc-extractor.py -dump content !http:content-type:pdf yourfile.warc........

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    Dovecot enable SSL (by default it uses an old expired cert if you choose pop3s and imaps as protocols) =================== Create Cert & Key: openssl req -new -x509 -nodes -days 1530 -out server.crt -keyout server.key mkdir /etc/mailssl chmod 700 /etc/mailssl cp server.* /etc/mailssl Edit /etc/dovecot.conf ssl_cert_file = /etc/mailssl/server.crt s........

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    Create Cert & Key: openssl req -new -x509 -nodes -days 1530 -out server.crt -keyout server.key mkdir /etc/mailssl chmod 700 /etc/mailssl cp server.* /etc/mailssl Postfix SSL config Edit /etc/postfix/main.cf: #SSL stuff smtpd_tls_cert_file = /etc/mailssl/server.crt smtpd_tls_key_file = /etc/mailssl/server.key To make smtps w........

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    I think this will be useful to others because I have a server that kept crashing mysteriously during intense disk usage/RAID checks. It would only crash during the weekly RAID integrity check. ThenI noticed during a reboot that not all CPUs were being brought up, as a result this actually creates much higher temperatures with the output I got from sensors, just booting the system produced higher than normal temperatures. You can imagine that a full blown RAID check........

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    understanding /etc/aliases *remember to apply changes you need to run "newaliases" after editing /etc/aliases one thing I don't get is that it doesn't allow you to specify the whole e-mail address on the left-hand side eg: yourfullemail@domain.com: someotheremail@domain.com postalias: warning: /etc/aliases, line 109: name must be local (if you try the above) It works more like this: your........

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    Forbidden You don't have permission to access / on this server. [Sun Jan 23 15:28:12 2011] [crit] [client 96.44.31.12] (13)Permission denied: /www/vhosts/domain.com/httpdocs/.htaccess pcfg_openfile: unable to check htaccess file, ensure it is readable Solution I've done a chmod 755 .htaccess and index.php and restarted Apache That wasn't the only issue, the issue was the httpdocs direc........

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    I found the cause of this issue was from all the diskspace being used but clearing it was not enough. Iguess the tables became inconsistent when space ran out and myisamchk is what fixed the rest. service mysqld restart ERROR! MySQL manager or server PID file could not be found! ....................................................................................... ERROR! Manager of pid-file quit without updating file. se........

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  • Installing Webmin & Enabling SSL


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    This made me nervous but it's clearly a cronjob based on the messages log that happens every Sunday at about 4:22. I actually can't find any evidence of it in cron.d cron.daily but it is there somewhere obviously. What I don't get is why doesn't this cronjob do a datacheck like Ubuntu's cronscript does? When you unnecessarily rebuild the array you lose your redundancy during that point which makes your data extremely vulnerable. *Update I did a grep of &q........

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    Install the "Editors" and "Net" groups that will give you rsync, ssh, ssh-keygen and cron. The trickiest thing that I keep forgetting about each time is you have to run "cron-config" which adds the cron service to Windows, and without doing that obviously no cron jobs will be run thus making automatic backups impossible. Warning about rsync/cygwin and using the -a archive switch. It's a good thing I caught this because it doesn't work ri........

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  • How to see what's inside your gziped CPIO'd initrd image


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    Go into the directory for your Virtual Machine and delete all ".lck" directories. rm -rf *.lck After that your server should boot.........

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  • vzquota : (warning) Incorrect quota shutdown for id 2333, recalculating disk usage vzquota : (error) quota check : lstat `sess_a5078fce5f569e453ab1fb39b0fc69f8': No such file or directory vzquota on failed [1]


    first container would not come up: Starting CT 2333: service vz stop OpenVZ is locked [FAILED] 2010-11-29T23:26:23-0800 vzctl : CT 2333 : Starting container ... 2010-11-29T23:37:21-08........

  • yum error with some versions of Centos Refusing to automatically import keys when running unattended. Use "-y" to override.


    Refusing to automatically import keys when running unattended. Use "-y" to override. When using echo y|yum install gcc Fix with rpm --import /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY*........

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  • WD (Western Digital) Advanced Format Drive Lagged/Slow Speed/Performance/Design Flaw EAD/EARS problem WDC WD20EARS-00S8B1


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  • Ubuntu 10.04/GRUB2 mdadm won't boot


    Moving to RAID was a pain. What you have to do is the following from an existing install: Install mdadm Create your mdadm RAID 1 array on your spare hard drive. Start it with the missing disk. rsync the entire contents of your current / to the md partition. Here's a good way of doing it: rsync -Pha --exclude=/proc/* --exclude=/sys/* --exclude=/mnt/* /. /mnt/md2........

  • How to chroot properly into your OS/distro


    From a LiveCD or if you're doing something like converting your non-RAID install to mdadm here's how you would chroot properly (you have to mount your proc, sys and dev on the running system/LiveCD to your chroot environment if you want things to work right, especially if you need to run update-initramfs due to a driver change etc..) *replace "path" with your mount/chroot path mount -o bind /proc /mnt/path/proc mount -o bind /dev/ mnt/pa........

  • PHP Email Attachment Corrupt Solution


    I couldn't figure out why this wouldn't work, a test script in the root of my htdocs folder worked fine. Within some subdirectories the same code would produce different base64 results but I didn't know hwy. Archive: /tmp/archive.zip Zip file size: 6888 bytes, number of entries: 92 error [/tmp/archive.zip]: missing 242827681 bytes in zipfile (attempting to process anyway) error [/tmp/archive.zip]: attempt........

  • Wine stopped working/won't work Solution


    After an upgrade wine wouldn't open anything, not even the pre-installed notepad. There are no wine logs and nothing is mentioned in any standard log file about why. I finally decided to run wine from the shell and see what's going on: wine client error:0: version mismatch 398/402. Your wineserver binary was not upgraded correctly, or you have an older one somewhere in your PATH. Or maybe the wrong wineserver is still running?........

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    Virtually no system has a floppy disk drive anymore but you will often find your Linux distribution insists that you do or should have one :) The solution is to remove the floppy module and prevent it from loading on the next reboot. rmmod floppy Centos/RHEL echo "blacklist floppy">> /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist #update initramfs so it takes effect dracut........

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  • expect script debugging


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    Check the value of your ethernet_dev=venet0:0 setting in your /usr/local/directadmin/conf/directadmin.conf file and the output of /sbin/ifco


    2010:09:09-22:22:11: The ip of this machine (xx.xx.xx.xx) does not match the ip in the license file. Check the value of your ethernet_dev=venet0:0 setting in your /usr/local/directadmin/conf/directadmin.conf file and the output of /sbin/ifconfig Solution /usr/local/directadmin/scripts/getLicense.sh........

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    This has stumped me a few times because I keep forgetting that Centos 5.5 comes with a default iptables configuration that ends up blocking DRBD traffic,I tried all the normal things and couldn't understand why I couldn't make my normal DRBD config work. So if you have WFConnection problems and have tried the normal "mailing list" fixes, check your firewall status first! Both Nodes Say the Following: version: 8.3.8 (api:88/prot........

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    /usr/local/cpanel/bin/swapip domain(s) It simply doesn't work, the Apache VHOSTS remain 100% unchanged, why does this script exist? I'm sure it would work from the control panel but I am locked out because my IP was changed and it doesn't match the CPanel license. I wish CPanel would make it easier to update the license IP. I even took it a step farther, I manually edited the vhosts and restarted Apache and it........

  • HeartBeat Error/High Load heartbeat: [7120]: WARN: Gmain_timeout_dispatch: Dispatch function for retransmit request took too long to execute: 20 ms (> 10 ms) (GSource: 0x926b390)


    My LOG is flooded with those messages many times per second. I don't know what is wrong with heartbeat, but restarting the service fixed it.........

  • Installing Virtualbox on Centos 5.5


    wget http://download.virtualbox.org/virtualbox/3.2.8/VirtualBox-3.2-3.2.8_64453_rhel5-1.i386.rpm rpm -i http://download.virtualbox.org/virtualbox/3.2.8/VirtualBox-3.2-3.2.8_64453_rhel5-1.i386.rpm error: Failed dependencies: libGLU.so.1 is needed by VirtualBox-3.2-3.2.8_64453_rhel5-1.i386 libSDL-1.2.so.0 is needed by VirtualBox-3.2-3.2.8_64453_rhel5-1.i386 libXmu.so.6 is needed b........

  • DirectAdmin Install Webalizer Stats


    I can't believe it comes without any sort of stats built-in and they don't make it easy to find out how to integrate it. I downloaded the following: wget -O /usr/bin/webalizer http://files.directadmin.com/services/es_5.3/webalizer chmod 755 /usr/bin/webalizer echo "action=tally&value=all" >> /usr/local/directadmin/data/task.queue........

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    error while loading shared libraries: libgd.so.2: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory Solution Install gd: yum install gd After that whatever you are compliing should be happy.........

  • VirtualBox OSE/VBOX Can't Access Shared Folder Solution


    I shared a directory on my hostnode/local system (running Ubuntu 10.04) with my Guest system running Windows XP. I have no idea why it's not mentioned or documented in an obvious way, but in the Windows client you just access it with "\Vboxsvr" Once you access that share you'll have access to all of the VBOX shares on your local host. I think it should indicate it somewhere when you enable the sharing. Yes, I'm sure it's buried so........

  • Ubuntu 10.04 Linux is still not ready for the Desktop world


    I am a huge fan of Linux and the idea of OpenSource but I've said it many times, there are still hurdles in today in 2010 for Linux as a Desktop. Linux is still intended for servers at its very core. This can be changed succesfully though, as Apple has shown us with Mac OS X based on FreeBSD. Half of the issue is lack of driver support and the other half is the Linux Kernel and Window Manages, KDE and GNome still both don't cut it (but they're getting closer). I'll........

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    vzmigrate --online dest-host VEIDNO eg.: vzmigrate --oneline 192.168.1.55 101 One option I would recommend is "--keep-dst", that way if the migration is interrupted you can still bring the VPS back up on the original host. After the migration is successful you can manually destroy it. OpenVZ has a good writeup on this including Checkpointing and Restoring etc:........

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  • Local policy does not permit you to log on interactively. - Solution/Fix


    For a standalone system the solution is simple, just use the same version of Windows a copy a good version of: C:windowsSecurityDatabasesecedit.sdb from another computer. Then you should be able to login again without getting the nasty message "Local policy does not permit you to log on interactively." Of course you will probably need a way of accessing the filesystem off-line in order to get to it such as a Linux boot disc. Some........

  • jailkit for chroot ssh account security tutorial and fix for error


    This was done on Centos butI think it's easier on Debian machines, the paths that it is set to use are tailored towards Debian, so there is some fiddling that needs to be done on Centos. This is for chrooting ssh, but jailkit has other uses than just SSH jails but I won't cover them in this writeup. 1. Install jailkit yum install jailkit 2. Setup Jail Home mkdir /home/jail chown root:root /home/ja........

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    This server was experiencing loads of up to 80 and maxing out the RAM and kmemsize on a CPanel VPS. There were literally dozens if not hundreds of exim processes. I have no idea why exim has such a design that would allow it to consume this much CPU and RAM. Any normal MTA should not be spawning so many processes, it should be processing them in sequence and if it is going to spawn hundreds of processes in response to a large volume of mail, it's better to have a delayed del........

  • After installation Directadmin does not work directadmin dead but pid file exists on OpenVZ VPS when browsing http://ip.ip.ip.ip:2222


    After installation Directadmin does not work on OpenVZ VPS when browsing http://ip.ip.ip.ip:2222 service directadmin status directadmin dead but pid file exists tail /var/log/directadmin/error.log Check the value of your ethernet_dev=eth0 setting in your /usr/local/directadmin/conf/directadmin.conf file and the output of /sbin/ifconfig 2010:07:10-12:44:01: ioctl can't find........

  • md: kicking non-fresh sda1 from array! - fix/solution


    md: Autodetecting RAID arrays. md: autorun ... md: considering sdb1 ... md: adding sdb1 ... md: adding sda1 ... md: created md0 md: bind md: bind md: running: md: kicking non-fresh sda1 from array! md: unbind md: export_rdev(sda1) raid1: raid set md0 active with 1 out of 2 mirrors The md0 raid kicked sda1 ou........

  • mencoder Linux CLI video editing how to encode video file into xvid and split by time into multiple parts


    Mencoder is great, you can throw anything at it, including video files from your camera and have it encode into xvid or almost any other format. In my case I took 640x480 video from my Canon and reduced the size by 1/3 with the options below (there are many other options that you can read about in the manual but I like to keep it simple). Mencoder Encode mencoder -ovc xvid -oac mp3lame -xvidencopts fixed_quant=4 -o ........

  • Linux looking for a way to convert XLS/Excel Spreadsheets into Plain Text?


    catdoc.i386 : Decodes MS Word files into plain text or TeX format I haven't figured out how to use it, it is really not clear or obvious but it should do the job if you can figure it out. Usage: catdoc [-vu8btawxlV] [-m number] [-s charset] [-d charset] [ -f format] files........

  • mdadm when a RAID 1 member dies


    [27969.398749] sd 5:0:0:0: [sdb] 3907029168 512-byte hardware sectors (2000399 MB) [27969.398749] sd 5:0:0:0: [sdb] Write Protect is off [27969.398749] sd 5:0:0:0: [sdb] Mode Sense: 00 3a 00 00 [27969.398749] sd 5:0:0:0: [sdb] Write cache: enabled, read cache: enabled, doesn't support DPO or FUA [27972.117543] ata6.00: exception Emask 0x0 SAct 0x1 SErr 0x0 action 0x0 [27972.117543] ata6.00: irq_stat 0x48000000 [27972.117543] ata6.00: cmd 60/08:00:ff:7........

  • Linux Burn MP3 CD On the Fly using


    I finally decided to look into some utils that did this, and the first one I found is "mp3burn". It is unbelievable simple and perfect. *2017-11 update and mp3burn is still available in standard repos such as Ubuntu 14/16 so this is a current and working project. Just install the package and it gets all required libraries to convert and then burn's on the fly. And you won't believe how simple it is. I just want to a directory that had the MP3's I wanted t........

  • Realtek r8169 1gbit/1000mbit NIC/Ethernet Goes Down/Halts on Large File Transfer/Heavy Network Usage


    This is obviously a bug in the r8169 kernel module and it seems to affect a lot of people. I upgraded to the latest kernel and hope this won't happen anymore, as it is a very serious error. This is especially serious for those who are running servers with this chipset, who can afford for the NIC to randomly go off-line for no apparent reason? [655548.189113] type=1505 audit(1277067560.902:5): operation="profile_load" name="/usr/bin/freshclam&q........

  • RAID 5 doomed in 2009?


    http://www.tomshardware.com/news/RAID-5-Doomed-2009,6525.html I found this article interesting, it basically says that with 2TB hard drives or larger sizes, you are more likely to encounter an unrecoverable read error. But is this just another Y2K doomsday? Don't HDD's have enough advanced hardware ECC error and read recovery to prevent this from happening? I'm almost tempted to build a 3 x........

  • RAID 1 and Non-RAID Hard Drive Performance Comparison using tiobench


    Here is a RAID 1 partition (500GB Seagate & 2TB WD): Sequential Reads File Blk Num Avg Maximum Lat%&nbs........

  • FUSE/Curlftpfs mount ftp account as drive partition in Linux


    This is a great way to use your ftp server space, for example on your web hosting account (althoughI believe many hosts don't allow storage like this), but if you have a VPS/Dedicated Server etc.., this would be perfect. Imagine how easy it is to work with an ftp account that you can just mount as a normal partition or directory in Linux, it would be great for backups etc.. Name curlftpfs - mount a ftp host as a local directory Synopsis........

  • Install Mac OS X 10.4.6 Tiger on AMD32 VMWare


    *Note OS X is strange to install, I thought my HDD was not being detected by you just have to go to Diskutil and create a partition for the root filesystem and then close/move the Window and proceed with the install. After install Mac OS X 10.4.6 Tiger I get a black screen that says: b0 error Most people say the partition has to be marked as "active", actually that just means marked as "bootable". Instead of t........

  • LUKS/cryptsetup Tutorial for Linux Hard Drive Partition Encryption


    This is based on Debian Linux but should apply equally to any *nix distro. Install LUKS/crypt-setup apt-get install cryptsetup Setup your LUKS Partition Of course change /dev/md2 with whatever partition you intend to use LUKS on. cryptsetup --verbose --verify-passphrase luksFormat /dev/md2 You'll be asked to verify your decryption password twice *DO NOT FORGET THIS PASSWORD AS IT IS NOT RECOVERABLE!........

  • XBOX 360 No Sound over HDMI Solution/Fix


    My XBOX's dashboard/firmware was from sometime in 2008 when I first bought the system. I mainly played using composite cables but at my brother in law's house we used HDMI. The very first time it worked, but then I bought some games that did some update and after that HDMI never worked. The symptoms besides having on sound is that your XBOX will show PC monitor resolutions but won't have any option to say you have a 720P or 1080P display, this means the XBOX firmware is fa........

  • Use rcconf to edit startup/init.d/init scripts on Debian/Ubuntu based distributions


    I've never understood how to enable and disable services for different run levels in Debian based distros, it's just weird, annoying and doesn't make sense. I much prefer chkconfig from RHEL. Just install the package called 'rcconf' and be done with it. rcconf makes things easy for you. apt-get install rcconf Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done........

  • Fix Slow 2D Graphics Xorg.conf Ubuntu/Debian/Mandriva Linux


    I'm using Ubuntu 8.04 but anyone using older kernels will find this may apply to them. My Intel graphics are very slow with the default Xorg settings but by using "EXA" acceleration, scrolling down windows of text becomes pretty snappy. Just edit /etc/X11/xorg.conf Section "Device" Identifier "Configured Video Device" &nb........

  • mdadm: /dev/sda1 is too small: 0K - solution


    I was creating a RAID array and got this error: mdadm: /dev/sda1 is too small: 0K mdadm: create aborted Of course sda1 is not too small, both partitions sda1 and sdb1 are identical in size: Disk /dev/sda: 2000.3 GB, 2000398934016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 243201 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Device Boot Sta........

  • cPanel complaint - No Shared SSL! cPanel 11.25.0-R46156 - WHM 11.25.0 - X 3.9


    I've recently used CPanel on the admin side for the first time and have to say I hate it. Everything from the layout to the functionality screams "hackish". It just lacks so many common sense features and way of working. I was never 100% impressed with Plesk but the basics were definitely laid out and done in a sensible manner, even though it is made by a Russian company, they definitely thought about how to make a Control Panel. I have no idea why people........

  • mdadm can you downgrade the superblock?


    Why would you want to downgrade the superblock? Old mdadm verisons like mdadm 2.5.6 only use the 0.90 superblock/metadata and new versions use 1,1.0,1.1 and 1.2 superblocks by default. There are some annoying caveats with this, first of all the new superblocks (later than 0.90) CANNOT be read by GRUB, so you won't even be able to install GRUB. Even worse, old versions of mdadm CANNOT automatically detect arrays even if they were created with a new version of mdadm with th........

  • Warning: get_browser(): browscap ini directive not set. PHP Error Solution Fix


    Warning: get_browser(): browscap ini directive not set. Solution is to edit /etc/php.ini Uncomment this: [browscap] browscap = extra/browscap.ini........

  • rsync skipping non-regular file


    skipping non-regular file "mnt/lib/udev/devices/console" skipping non-regular file "mnt/lib/udev/devices/kmem" skipping non-regular file "mnt/lib/udev/devices/loop0" skipping non-regular file "mnt/lib/udev/devices/null" skipping non-regular file "mnt/lib/udev/devices/ppp" skipping non-regular file "mnt/lib/udev/devices/net/tu Solution for skipping non-regular file You need the -D........

  • CPanel Solution for Error Missing HOST Config Line in /etc/wwwacct.conf, please reconfigure with Edit Setup.


    Edit /etc/wwwacct.conf Then add/edit the HOST line to add your hostname. eg: HOST yourcpanelserver.com........

  • How To Set DHCP/Static IP Address in Centos/RHEL/Fedora & Debian/Ubuntu/Kubuntu/MEPIS Set DHCP/Static IP Address


    Basically the two main types of distros are Debian and RHEL/Centos based. I'm just going to give a quick overview of how the configuration of IP interfaces works in Debian/Centos based distros. *Just one thing to remember, when setting IPs statically you have to manually specify a DNS server in /etc/resolv.conf (since DHCP is what normally does it automatically) Debian/Ubuntu/Kubuntu/MEPIS The IP (DHCP &........

  • CPanel Use /scripts/easyapache to recompile Apache/PHP with different options


    I used the "Image Manipulation and Security Options" and let the script do the rest. /scripts/easyapache For whatever reason, doing a manual compile of PHPmyself broke everything and I've never seen that before, that's why I resorted to the cheat of easyapache.........

  • mdadm force/fix proper md127 name


    I have an md0 arary that my Centos install refers to. I feel this is half the reason why it won't boot anymore. I saw the initrd for Centos was assembling it as md127 even though it was known as md0. The reason for this is because I used mdadm --assemble --scan to detect the array on a LiveCD. I had no idea this name would stick (but now I realize the name is permanently stored in the metadata once you mount md127 or whatever random name assemble gives it). W........

  • Openvz Enable Most Common iptables modules


    The default options for iptables are very basic. Here is what you need to do in order to enable them in OpenVZ. 1.) Add the modules to iptables and restart iptables: vi /etc/sysconfig/iptables-config Edit the line as so: IPTABLES_MODULES="ipt_REJECT ipt_tos ipt_TOS ipt_LOG ip_conntrack ipt_limit ipt_multiport iptable_filter iptable_mangle ipt_TCPMSS ipt_tcpmss ipt_ttl ipt_length ipt_state iptable_nat ip_nat_ftp" 2.........

  • Check How Many Watts Your CPU,HDD,GPU, Fans Use - Power Consumption Tool


    www.antec.outervision.com/index.jsp I found that wattage/power consumption tool to be very useful, especially when you're worried that you're hitting the Power Supply's limit. You'll see very quickly that different CPU's, Graphics, Cards, HDDS use a wide range of energy. That tool can help you choose a build that won't stress or go over the maximum limits of your Power Supply.........

  • Debian 5.04 RAID 1 mdadm boot problem GRUB error


    I successfully created a single RAID 1 partition which includes /boot inside it and my root directory through the Debian installer. It said GRUB installed successfully but when I try booting the OS it seems GRUB can't read anything. When trying to boot from GRUB GRUB Loading stage 1.5. GRUB loading, please wait... Error 2 I get "Error 2" when trying to boot Debian. I also notice from a LiveCD that........

  • Centos 5.5 RAID 1 boot issue


    I installed 5.5 with a 300GB RAID 1 partition (boot is also on this partition). It booted up fine the first few times until after I used a Live CD and accessed the array, and it became named /dev/md127 for some reason. Now whenI boot into CentOS I get a kernel panic and different errors, once I got "invalid superblock", even though the array is fine (it didn't happen again, probably because I was sure to dismount and stop the mdadm array properly). Here's what........

  • Intel Corei5 750 Complaint/Onboard Video Issue on Intel H57 chipset not working


    Do you have an LGA1156 board and wonder why your onboard video isn't working? It's probably because there is no GPU integrated on the board itself, it is supposed to be on the CPU and new CPU's from Intel don't come with it! I was shocked to learn that you can buy a motherboard with onboard video which doesn't work. Inever knew it was being done or possible, but to make it worse the latest Core i5's don't have video on the die of the CPU. This means having on........

  • Compile PHP 5.3.2 on Centos 5 and CPanel/WHM because of error - Fatal error: Call to > undefined function imagecreatefromjpeg()


    This function and others may not work with the stock PHPinstall on Centos/CPanel: Fatal error: Call to > undefined function imagecreatefromjpeg() Even with libjpeg-devel installed it won't work because PHP was not compiled with jpeg support, so we have to do the dirty work ourselves :) Here is the command/yum's I did to install missing libraries for PHP that configure will complain about (yes it is a one by one process). yum install bzip2-........

  • Unixbench Score on Core i5 750 with OpenVZ Kernel vs Xen/Openvz


    This was unbelievable how much the Xen kernel slows things down, keep in mind both tests were done on the hostnode, one was with the Openvz-Xen hybrid kernel and the other was just OpenVZ. You can see the performance difference is nearly 300% better when not using the Xen kernel. OpenVZ-Xen Kernel Test Results (I was wondering what was wrong/so slow with my Core i5!) # # # # # #&n........

  • Canel Default VHOST DocumentRoot/Contents Directory is /usr/local/apache/htdocs


    This can be very annoying and CPanel doesn't seem to document it, or it's not found or made as obvious as it should be. It's always funny when I find it more difficult to work with a control panel than to do everytihng manually without CPanel or even Plesk. So once again, the default serve path for contents is: /usr/local/apache/htdocs and this is especially applicable when accessing Apache by just an IP which is unbound to any domain at this point.........

  • chroot into an off-line Linux version using a LiveCD/USB


    It's not just as simple as running the chroot command, you need to ensure the /proc and /dev entries are passed through and populated to the chroot environment. Step 1 - Mount Your Off-lineOS mount /dev/sda1 /mnt Step 2 - Mount Proc mount -t proc none /mnt/proc Step 3 - Mount Dev Most guides will tell you to use this: mount -o bind /dev /mnt//dev but that doesn't work for some reason in many cases: mount: wron........

  • OpenVZ user_beancounters kmemsize failcnt Processes Timing Out/Doing Nothing/Zombie


    cat /proc/user_beancounters produces the following: kmemsize 1861537 5139870 12752512 12752512 26965041 Notice the failcnt "26965041", that is for kmemsize and at first it confused me. The system had enough guaranteed and enough burst RAM available. kmemsize is a variable indepedent of that, but who cars about the explanation right, let's just make thing........

  • crontab Reference/How To/Info/Guide


    I can never actually remember the order and the number of parameters so here they are: minute hour day of month month day of week command 0 5 *........

  • Windows install blue screen of death caused by faulty optical/DVD-RW drive.


    I took an educated guess because it kept happening at the same spot when loading the XP install. I thought it was the hard drive or motherboard. But it turns out my heavily used but loved NEC 3500 DVD-RW drive was the culprit. After disconnecting it and swapping it for another much beloved Pioneer DVD-RW, everything has gone smoothly. I never ran into this or many issues because I've hardly used this drive since moving it to another Desktop years ago. I actua........

  • SSH Automatic/Passwordless Logon - Setup Public Key Encryption In Single Command


    This is a very simple solution, but most guides out there make you login twice (once to scp the key) and once to put the key in authorized_keys. There's no need for that. If you don't already have a ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub just type "ssh-keygen -t rsa" and keep hitting enter until it's done :) Just use this code to easily enable passwordless login with SSHD key=`cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub`;ssh user@192.168.5.25 "echo $key >> ~/.ssh/auth........

  • mdadm Linux Software RAID auto-detect and assemble RAID Array


    mdadm --assemble --scan mdadm: /dev/md/diaghost05102010:2 has been started with 2 drives. mdadm: /dev/md/diaghost05102010:1 has been started with 2 drives. mdadm: /dev/md/diaghost05102010:0 has been started with 2 drives. -bash-3.1# cat /proc/mdstat Personalities : [linear] [raid0] [raid1] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] [multipath] md125 : active raid1 sda1[0] sdb1[1] 14658185 blocks super 1.2........

  • rsync halted froze Out of memory: kill process 7559 (rsync) score 635 or a child Killed process 7559 (rsync)


    Out of memory: kill process 7559 (rsync) score 635 or a child Killed process 7559 (rsync) I was surprised to see this in my dmesg whenmy rsync backup suddenly stalled/stopped. This system has 3 gigs of RAM and lots of free memory so I don't understand what is happening. rsync invoked oom-killer: gfp_mask=0x200d2, order=0, oomkilladj=0 Pid: 7600, comm: rsync Not tainted 2.6.24.2 #83 [] oom_kill_pr........

  • rsync my favorite/best/optimal default switches and options


    Not sure what rsync switches/options to use? rsync -PDrphogtl The short version would be: rsync -Pha I think these are really common sense options to use and probaby should be the default. Explanation of rsync switches P = display the progress D = hybrid of --specials and --devices so all special and device files will be copied as well. r = recursive (otherwise rsync won't copy files deeper than........

  • rsync ERROR: sdb2/backup.r18 failed verification -- update retained.


    ERROR: sdb2/backup.r18 failed verification -- update retained. This happened when Iwas rsyncing a dying hard drive, a lot of people seem to report this as an error with rsync itself but I don't think rsync is the issue at all. I know the source hard drive was bad, it was having all kinds of timeout, seek, hardware ECC recovered and reset errors. The only time something else could be the problem is if the data is being corrupted in transit, perhaps through........

  • Seagate Drive 500GB Drive Dying


    This drive is clearly on the way out, the Kernel knows it but I'm surprised that SMART is not concerned. I didn't blame Seagate for their past issues until now. This hard drive has hardly been used and has not even been powered on for a year according to SMART. Home page is http://smartmontools.sourceforge.net/ === START OF INFORMATION SECTION === Model Family: Seagate Barracuda 7200.11 Device........

  • Seagate 7200.11 firmware defect in 500GB, 1000GB (1TB) and 1500GB (1.5TB) Hard Drives


    Seagate Inventory/Firmware Check I heard about this issue a long time ago but never looked into it. I figured I wasn't affected since my 500GB drives were running for so long. I've been using Seagate's since 2002 and to this day all of the drives I have are alive from Seagate. *Update the bad news is that I realize one of my 500GB's is about to die, it's not even a year old, but is also not affected by the recall according to Seagate! Seagate Inventory/Firm........

  • Linux AHCI Hotswap Tips - Remember To Reread The Partition Table WITHOUT rebooting


    From the package "parted" you can use the command "partprobe" to re-read the partition table. I really hate rebooting, and that's what Iloved to hear about AHCI motherboards, that they allow hotswap so you don't have to reboot. But that's only as good as the OS, if the OS does not reload the partition table you won't be able to do anything with that new drive you attached without rebooting. Yes, even without re-reading the partiton table Linux will........

  • Convert HDD/Hard Drive Partition(s) into non-RAID into RAID 1 using existing data without data loss and without reformatting.


    Before we start I take no responsibility for this, you should have a backup and if you make a mistake during this process you could wipe out all of your data. So backup somewhere else before starting this as a precaution, or make sure it's data you could afford to lose. The RAID 1 Setup (Hardware Wise) I've already setup my 2 x 1TB (Seagate) drives with identical partitions, make sure your new hard drive (the empty one) is setup like your curr........

  • Linux EXT3 16GB-17GB maximum filesize issue solved/how to fix


    I have no idea why but mkfs.ext3 defaults to a patheticlly small blocksize of 1024 bytes/1KB (kilobyte). That means the maximum filesize is ONLY 16GB! With 2KB/2048 bytes you get a 256 GB maximum filesize, and with 4KB/4096 bytes you get 2TB! I finally noticed/paid attention to this after realizing that with rsync and scp that no file larger than 17GB could be transferred. I then realized it must be a file size limit on the partition. Here is what tune2fs tol........

  • PDF File Conversion/Solution Using Imagemagick to create PDF files for free, quickly and efficiently


    I'm really starting to love ImageMagick, I've used it to mass convert/resize family photos with scripts and all kinds of handy things. Today I just learned that you can create PDF files with it too, say if you have images scanned or anything else it's very simple: convert *.jpeg output.pdf You can replace jpg with whatever format your files are in. One thing to remember is that you can specify the order that the images/pages are added to the PDF manu........

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    It's basically free bash shell script available from: http://wpkg.org/email2fax/index.php/Main_Page Make sure you have the required tools: libtiff ghostscript mpack/munpack Where you can e-mail your Asterisk box and it will fax it to the phone number in the subject line. The good news ends there, it is fairly undocumented and buggy. Take for example how the documentation mentions you can invoke from the com........

  • tar gzip: stdout: File too large - Error Size Limit on Large file > 17GB


    The folder I was trying to archive is about 72GB, but much like rsync at about 17GB it chokes because of the filesize. What's with so many common and essential Linux tools having such limitations? I guess it is likely that the authors never wrote their code with the idea that files would be so large but it's still very annoying. It's important to stay on top of these limitations on production servers because I didn't realize what happened until I checked the file with "........

  • XMPP Chat Protocol using Jabber - Guide Tutorial Setup Linux Chat Server


    In Debian based distros: apt-get install jabber Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required: fakeroot dkms Use 'apt-get autoremove' to remove them. The following extra packages will be installed: jabber-common The following NEW packag........

  • Picking an FTPD (vsftpd) Server in Linux Centos/Debian


    I decided on using yum to help me decide even though I normaly use proftpd I decided to see what else I could find. yum search ftp Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * rpmforge: ftp-stud.fht-esslingen.de * base: mirrors.netdna.com * updates: updates.interworx.info * addons: yum.singlehop.com * extras: mirrors.netdna.com rpmforge........

  • OpenVZ backup container to a single file while it's running using "vzdump"


    Proxmox has made this free utility to backup running OpenVZ containers. It's a great program which is actually just a PERL script but gets the job done. This program is not 100% required because all it really does is cp -a from your container's path as far as I know but it is still good to have uniformity to how you backup your containers. For RPM distros such as Centos/RHEL/Fedora etc.. download and install this: wget http://www.proxmox.com/cms_proxm........

  • ntfs-3g Error/Fix/Solution - Unexpected sectors per cluster value (127). Failed to mount '/dev/sda1': Invalid argument The device '/dev/sda1' doesn't seem to have a valid NTFS. Maybe the wrong device is used? Or the whole disk instead of a


    ./ntfs-3g /dev/sda1 /mnt -o force Unexpected sectors per cluster value (127). Failed to mount '/dev/sda1': Invalid argument The device '/dev/sda1' doesn't seem to have a valid NTFS. Maybe the wrong device is used? Or the whole disk instead of a partition (e.g. /dev/sda, not /dev/sda1)? Or the other way around? This is happening on a system I've come across an HP 6930P running Windows XP Professional. The partition appears to be very norm........

  • Codelite C++ IDE is a Cross Platform Unix/Linux (Mac OS, Ubuntu etc..) and Windows for C++ development


    Codelite is a great choice and I intend on getting back into C++ development and I think Codelite is great being cross platform. It looks like it was designed with a lot of thought and should do the job better. I really dislike the bloated and confusing IDE's from big companies like Microsoft where you usually have to use .NET and other useless technologies that just give Microsoft the advantage over you, the programmer, and the users.........

  • Compaq V2405CA Laptop - Unixbench Performance Test


    Here are the results, it is Sempron 3000+ AMD Mobile, 500Gig HDD, 512MB RAM with shared ATI Radeon graphics. # # # # # # # ##### ###### # # #### # # # # ## # # # #&nb........

  • Fix/Solution for apt-get error: " E: Archive directory /var/cache/apt/archives/partial is missing."


    I thought I was being smart, I wanted to download some Debian packages so I went to /var/cache/apt/archives and did "rm -rf *" but then I couldn't use apt-get anymore. I kept getting this error: E: Archive directory /var/cache/apt/archives/partial is missing. E: The list of sources could not be read. The solution was to recreate the "partial" directory inside /var/cache/apt/archives and then everything will be fine.........

  • PHP cannot access /usr/bin/openssl


    PHP cannot access /usr/bin/opensslI have verified the username that runs the process is able to access /usr/bin/openssl and it does exist but the PHP script is saying it doesn't exist: [code:1:1fd0f3abbe] if (!file_exists($OPENSSL)) { //echo "ERROR: OPENSSL $OPENSSL not foundn"; }[/code:1:1fd0f3abbe] I don't get itI can clearly see the contents of /usr/bin by using the PHP system fu........

  • HTML Create DropDown List


    HTML Create DropDown List[code:1:309976db0d] Text To Display [/code:1:309976db0d]........

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    JavaScript get valued of selected drop down l [code:1:4be190f44a]Package = OrderForm.package.options[OrderForm.package.selectedIndex].value;[/code:1:4be190f44a] OrderForm = Name of HTML form the SELECT is inside package = Name of SELECT element eg. JavaScript says form name is not defined even though it is I've integrated this into my design and I got an error saying the Form Name i........

  • Javascript Get a specified element using getElementById()


    Javascript Get a specified element using getElementById()Great, it produces the value for whatever "id" is passed to the function. http://www.java2s.com/Code/JavaScript/Development/GetaspecifiedelementusinggetElementById.htm [code:1:1287ede953] function getElement(){ var x=document.getElementById("myHead........

  • Javascript round float to 2 decimal places


    Javascript round float to 2 decimal places[code:1:7d628eaf94] totalprice = Math.round(totalprice*100)/100;[/code:1:7d628eaf94] substitute the second instance of totalprice with the variable that needs to be rounded to 2 decimal places........

  • Change default shell


    Change default shellJust echo this at your command line (in this case I chose bash since I prefer the bash shell) this way it will be the default when you login again [code:1:71e2834907]chsh -s bash[/code:1:71e2834907]........

  • Clone any OS partition perfectly


    Clone any OS partition perfectlyIn one box I needed to copy the boot partition to another disk while retaining the MBR and other data. I simply ran this command: [code:1:1b1ff110ca]dd if=/dev/hda1 of=/dev/hdb1[/code:1:1b1ff110ca] [b:1b1ff110ca]if[/b:1b1ff110ca] = source patition [b:1b1ff110ca]of[/b:1b1ff110ca] = destination partition Here's an interesting article on it http://www.rajeevnet.com/hacks_hints/os_cl........

  • GRUB Boot FreeBSD


    GRUB Boot FreeBSD[code:1:a7050277b7]title FreeBSD 6.0 root (hd0,2,a) kernel /boot/loader[/code:1:a7050277b7] Just insert the above code into GRUB's [b:a7050277b7]menu.lst[/b:a7050277b7] and make sure you set the root path correctly. [quote:a7050277b7]Let's quickly explain what the root (hd0,2,a) means: *hd0 stands for the primary master drive *2 stands for partition 3 *a stands for the........

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    You can see the problem below, GRUB recognizes my hard drive and sees the partitions but cannot access them. This is from the GRUB boot disc I'm using. What happened is that I had some power issues causing this system's power to be interrupted several times and basically an on/off on/off situation. The system won't boot, I just get a flashing cursor and no message or error from GRUB. Obviously the problem is that my MBR seems corrupt or some other issue. My........

  • Unixbench Score with Glusterfs/Openvz & Quad Core Xeon - Updated with GlusterFS 2.0.8 & Optimized Client Config


    The results are still not flattering and are nothing close to native performance. Unless GlusterFS has a "DRBD-like" option to delay writes over the network and to only read from the client side, I don't see how performance can ever improve much more. After doing some client optimizations Iadded more to the score: Start Benchmark Run: Sun Nov 29 00:37:44 PST 2009 00:37:44 up 3 min, 1 user, load average: 0.01........

  • Clustered/Distributed Network Filesystems, Which Ones live up to the hype?


    I've tried to find a good sensible solution to cluster with and each technology has it's pros and cons and there is no perfect solution and I've found a lot of "exaggerations" in the applications, benefits and performance of these different filesystems. DRBD I first started off with DRBD and Ihave to say it does live up to the hype, is quite reliable (although it can be annoying to match up the kernel module and user applications since they must match and whe........

  • Unixbench Score with Glusterfs/Openvz & Quad Core Xeon - Updated with GlusterFS 2.0.8


    You might remember my original GluserFS/OpenVZ benchmark which produced a horrible 29.8 This is the exact same system, but using the latest 2.0.8 (with some small files patch which speeds up performance) you can see it is about 25% faster. I also haven't tuned my config files at all, but there are some settings that should increase performance on small files which I believe i........

  • Tyan S2735-8M Maximum Hard Drive Limit/Not Working/Doesn't work with 1TB 1000GB hard drives


    Inever saved any of the logs, but basically no matter what OS (Linux)I used, I could not get my 1000GB hard drive to work (Seagate SATA). The BIOS recognizes the drive and fdisk -l shows the hard drive as it should. The tricky thing is that different OS's will give you different results, but don't be fooled. You can't use these larger drives for long. Iwas getting all kinds of seek/IOerrors and also messages that the port could not be read.........

  • Tyan S2735-8M motherboard/Rackable Systems 1u Server 100mbit NIC not working even when enabled in the BIOS


    Itried everything Icould think of, and of course even with the NIC enabled in the BIOS nothing was working. The light would flash when you plugin the cable for a second, but that's all. Due to another issue I'm about to post about (server is not compatible with 1TB/1000Gig Hard Drives), I updated the BIOS. I didn't even know the 100mbit NICs were not working untilI decided I should test each NIC one by one. Inoticed that only 1 server out of........

  • Unixbench Score with Glusterfs/Openvz & Quad Core Xeon


    This is very disappointing since GlusterFS markets itself as a solution to deploy VPS servers on. On the HNitself I get a Unixbench of about 360. I'm also using an SSH tunnel to secure the communications, but even before that, things seemed very slow. # # # # # # # #####&n........

  • Linux/Unix Open SSH Login Without Password Key Exchange including Debian, Redhat, Fedora, Ubuntu, BSD etc..


    In those 4 simple commands you can setup mutual key exchange between two sshservers by using a single login shell session and single window. *Just change the IP address examples of (10.10.0.2) to the target of your mutual key exchange. It doesn't matter if the server is on a LANor WAN(well unless the server is behind a firewall and you cannot SSHinto it).........

  • [error] server reached MaxClients setting, consider raising the MaxClients setting - Apache


    Have you ever seen this dreaded message in your Apache/HTTPD /var/log/httpd/error_log? [error] server reached MaxClients setting, consider raising the MaxClients setting The error itself is slightly misleading. Ibelieve this happened to one of my servers, I found Apache was running still, and that you could telnet to port 80 but no respnose would be given. For some reason my error log initially did not have the above error, but after a restart I saw........

  • Timezone Change/Updated for Linux/Unix Debian/Fedora/Ubuntu/Centos Change Update Time zone


    In Newer Linux Distros This Way Is Easiest and works on newer versions like Ubuntu, Mint, Fedora, Centos, Debian etc. #if you are missing timedatectl this in newer distros like Ubuntu/Mint/Debian and are using a container like Docker then do "apt install systemd" timedatectl set-timezone America/Vancouver Replace the America/Vancouver with the correct timezone. To see the list you can just type "timedatectl set........

  • sudo: Error dropping capabilities, aborting in Linux Centos 5.3


    For some reason Ikeep getting this error when trying to run a sudo command eg: sudo -u someuser somecommand sudo: Error dropping capabilities, aborting My version of sudo is:sudo-1.6.9p17-3.el5_3.1 and I've heard that version 1.7 fixes everything. The only thing is yum does not think sudo has any update. Iguess the new version has not been committed to the RPM repository yet. This is really a huge and ann........

  • Have an OpenVZ VPS/Linux Virtual Private Server and nothing works right?


    A VPS Server I had just wasn't working right, code that I migrated there just wasn't working. For example, it kept telling me the connection to the database was unsuccessful, halfway through iterating through results it already had. Then I realized it wasn't my code. Ichecked my /proc/user_beancounters and found this: cat /proc/user_beancounters Version: 2.5 uid resource held maxheld barrier limit failcnt........

  • Linux How to Search for text within any file using Linux/Unix - Use GREP


    It's actually very simple and "grep" makes it as easy as possible. I'll outline a few common scenarios and provide some examples. Say you want to search ALLfiles within the current directory (and inside/deeper) for the text "phpinfo()" grep -R "phpinfo()" * If you want to search only certain files such as only .txt you would do this instead: grep -R "phpinfo()" *.txt As you ca........

  • MySQL Restoring And Dumping/Backing UP MySQL Data/Tables/Databases


    Backing MySQL Databases Backing Up/Dumping All Mysql Databases To A Single File mysqldump --all-databases -u admin -p > allmysqldatabases.sql The "-all-databases" clause is pretty obvious isn't it? It means that it will backup all databases. The "-u admin" means login using the user "admin", if you h........

  • Apache Ignoring/Not processing .htaccess file


    I was getting very frustrated one day wondering why it appeared my .htaccess file was being ignored and not processed by Apache. No matter what I did it was obvious that Apache didn't care about my .htaccess file. Then I realized that the default settings must be in effect, which is that my vhost didn't explicitly allow me to override the default settings. This usually comes down to your vhost settings. Make sure you have an entry like this in your Apache vhost settings in........

  • OpenVZ/Virtuozzo Enable Fuse in Container


    To enable Fuse to work inside a OpenVZ container it's very simple (although some people say it can't be done). Remember that on your HN(HostNode) for OpenVZ, Fuse must be installed and the module must be loaded for this to work. In addition remember that you need the Fuse package installed inside the container of course. vzctl set 2000 --devices c:10:229:rw --save vzctl exec 2000 mknod /dev/fuse c 10 229 The part that most people forget........

  • iPhone Create Silent/Free Custom Ringtone jailbroken/jailbreak iPhone


    As shown below you can find ringtones in the "/private/var/stash/Ringones*" directory of your iPhone. Different reports have said that the .m4r format is really an MP4 file and some have said AAC and some also say "it's the same as the M4A" format. Whatever the case is, one easy way is to install the silent theme from Cydia and copy that into your ringtones directory. /private/var/stash/Ringtones.sh7cLj root# ls Alarm.m4r ........

  • Fake PR Pagerank Identification - How do you know/check/verify the real PR(Pagerank)?


    Here is an example that I recently found, most PR checkers will say this domain is PR8 or will say "cannot analyze PR". The example is domain "bonserotica.com" view Google's cache of the homepage and you'll see as in the picture below, it lists a different URL, which means they used a redirect to a high PR site to fool you and the PR checkers.........

  • iPhone 3GS 32GB "Harsh Review"


    Yes, Iadmit I finally got bitten by the hype as much as I can usually see through it all. Keep in mind this review is of the "stock" phone, no jailbreaking yet which is what really unleashes the customizability and whyI bought iPhone. I had better things to say about this phone before buying it, and it is a great phone, perhaps the best on the market by far, if not because of the Mac OS port onto the iPhone and all the apps, etc, etc. With that said........

  • Weird characters in Linux putty shell


    Iused to get all kinds of weird annoying characters like "" during compilation with gcc especially. example: dmg2img.c:456: error: BZ_OK undeclared (first use in this function) dmg2img.c:471: warning: implicit declaration of function BZ2_bzCompressEnd dmg2img.c:482: warning: implicit declaration of function BZ2_bzDecompress dmg2img.c:484: error: BZ_PARAM_ERROR undecl........

  • Using a Mac OSX DMG Image in Windows and Converting to Standard ISO Format use dmg2iso


    The dmg format is silly and annoying to work with, why couldn't Apple stick with the .iso standard? Anyway, there's an excellent Linux and Windows based tool to convert it back to a normal .iso Image called dmg2iso I'll only cover theLinux version although the Windows pre-built binary works the same way. Download dmg2iso here for free (from the author's website) It's just silly and doesn't make sense that Ubuntu doe........

  • Apple iPhone 3GS and predecessors are leading a revolution


    As much of a computer nerd as Iam, I'm usually a late adopter to technology for a few reasons. Ifeel most new hyped technologies and electronics are mainly fads, and I'm also cheap. Adopting later means you avoid the bugs, kinks and most importantly pay the lowest price, that's me being cheap again :) I never read much about the iPhone but Isaw all the hype around it and until recently I wasn't a big fan of anything Apple until a few years ago I realize........

  • Nokia N97 review, feedback and complaints


    I've had an old Blackberry for a few years and I was ready to spend some serious cash on a nice Nokia. I love the idea of the Linux based Symbian S60 OS, so I was looking at phones like the E63, E71 (both are basically the same, at least CPU/screensize although E71 is thinner, has a 3MP camera, has GPS, and has dedicated buttons to adjust the volume). Then Iheard about the N97 and what a revolution it was supposed to be and it was even compared to iPhone. To........

  • SSH Slow Login even with SSHD UseDNS no parameter


    Icouldn't understand why on one system it took a few minutes to get the SSHlogin prompt when connecting to other systems. The other systems all had the UseDNS parameter set to no, which almost always resolves the login prompt delay. The reason is Ubuntu and perhaps Debian and other distributions /etc/nsswitch.conf file Edit yours to have the "hosts" line like so (notice that files and dns are the primary resolution choice........

  • mkisofs error "genisoimage: Directories too deep for 'Backup/My Documents/My Music/iTunes/Album Artwork/Local/5928CE9C1AFAC465/07/15' (7) max is 6."


    genisoimage: Directories too deep for 'Backup/My Documents/My Music/iTunes/Album Artwork/Local/5928CE9C1AFAC465/07/15' (7) max is 6. Some people said choosing the --iso-level-4 option will help. I just opted to add the "-D" switch and everything was fine.........

  • OCFS2 crash


    When trying to even cd or ls the mounted OCFS2 partition it crashes. Ithink this is a combination of VMWare Server's problem and the way I mounted and symlinked to it. More than anything this shows the problem and lack of forsight with VMWare, but also that OCFS2 is easily crashed if you do strange things. Output of /var/log/messages for OCFS2 Apr 10 15:57:45 localhost kernel: [84331.691258] Modules linked in: vmnet vmci vmmon ocfs2_stac........

  • Samba SMB Error - Server not using user level security and no password supplied. tree connect failed: NT_STATUS_WRONG_PASSWORD


    Server not using user level security and no password supplied. tree connect failed: NT_STATUS_WRONG_PASSWORD That happens when trying to use smbclient to connect to a share. The weird thing is that I can authnenticate just fine from Windows XP. It is partially my mistake, I forgot this share does have a password. I've tried authenticating with the correct user and also with "Guest" because this works in Windows. In Linux I ........

  • Configuring OCFS2 Clustered File System on Debian Based Linux including Ubuntu and Kubuntu


    There's a lot of information and guides on OCFS2 for RHELand Centos Linux but the package setup and configuration is slightly different and this has thrown some people off. Installing OC2FS You should install the following packages to get started: apt-get install ocfs2-tools ocfs2console Configure OC2FS In RHEL/Centos the main configuration file is located in /etc/sysconfig/o2cb However in Debian based Linux it is located........

  • Viewing and Connecting to an SMB Samba Share on Windows/Linux/Unix


    This will give you the basic info needed to browse and connect to Samba shares from the command line. From the GUI of Gnome or KDE etc, it is pretty standard and straight forward. However, I've found very little guides on how to do it from the command line and if you're like me, a nerd who prefers command line for its simplicity and for remote use, this is the way to go. First get a list of all the Samba/SMB shares on the target. smbclient -L hostname........

  • 1U Servers are Loud - We Have The Quiet Solution


    I've read a lot of people complaining that their 1U servers are too loud for the office, home or whatever strange places people might want to put them. Whenever Isee the question asked, "what can be done about the noise", you'll see a myriad of silly answers like "you shouldn't have it at home or in your office at all", "1U servers are meant to be loud". These all might be valid points but they're not the solution. A good example is a........

  • BASH Decrement Does not work


    track-=1 produces track: command not found It's weird because track+=1 works just fine The solution is to used the old fashion method: track=$(($track - 1))........

  • Bash Scripting Variable Scope Using Piped While Loop


    I've been struggling with this for awhile, wondering why all of my variables are null. Ijust realized the variables disappear after leaving this while loop. Note that I'm piping to the while loop which makes a subshell Ibelieve which is the cause of the issue: echo "$accounts"|while read thisline; do somevariable="some value" (( ++counter )) done At all costs you ne........

  • Comments About Networking Technology


    We've noticed in many ways that traditional networking even in WANs and LANs has changed very little. Years ago most networks were running on 100mbit and today most still are. Even the average internet connection is largely unchanged from several years ago with some minor exceptions from Europe and Asia.........

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