• Cisco CME How To Enable ACD hunt groups


    In our example below, we create 2 hunt groups. You could assume the #1 group is sales and #2 group is support etc.. and you can create more as needed. The main part of hunt is the "list" option where you add each phone number that is to be part of the group ephone-hunt 1 sequential pilot 2001 list 1234 timeout 10 ephone-hunt 2 sequential pilot 2002 list 5678 tim........
  • How to install gns3 on Linux Ubuntu Mint


    Step 01 - Download Visit https://gns3.com/software/download Click on "Linux" on the side under "Installation".........
  • How to convert audio for Asterisk .wav format


    In our example we take "sound.mp3" and convert it to .wav. Generally Asterisk for its wave needs one audio channel (-ac 1) / mono and 8000hz (-ar 8000) instead of the standard CD/MP3 of 44100hz. Here is the command to convert into Asterisk .wav format: ffmpeg -i sound.mp3 -ac 1 -ar 8000 sound.wav Errors Asterisk may give you if the format is wrong: -- Executing [91781891@cme:3] Playback("SIP/234-000........
  • Using Cisco CME Router with Asterisk as a dial-peer


    #Remember that you need a valid gateway IPunless the Asterisk server is on the same subnet and LAN Set Valid Gateway IP (if you don't have one already) ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 GATEWAYIP Enable VOIPTrust voice service voip ip address trusted list ipv4 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 sip Set Credentials For Asterisk and Register To Asterisk sip-ua........
  • Cisco CME and C7200 Router Testing and Learning Environment on Ubuntu 20+ Setup Tutorial Guide


    Since newer versions of Ubuntu like 20, you will find there is no longer dynagen and that the dynamips provided is faulty and will segfault each time: Cisco Router Simulation Platform (version 0.2.14-amd64/Linux stable) Copyright (c) 2005-2011 Christophe Fillot. Build date: Apr 3 2018 12:20:29 Local UUID: 3c1c0b7f-2fab-4fda-b40b-74841d1bcfe0 Instance ID set to 1. netio_tap_create: unable to open TAP device tap1 (No such fi........
  • Abusive IP ranges blacklist


    Make sure this makes sense for you but I've started to block a lot of commercial Cloud services and easily accessible providers as they are a very high source of abusive traffic. The cost savings for a lot of organizations are huge, as you now have less bandwidth usage and less resource usage from garbage/bot/malicious traffic. This mainly works for when you can be reasonably sure that your audience has no business visiting your service(s) from freely accessible commercial IP ........
  • How to Install Any OS on a Physical Drive from Windows Using VMware Workstation (Linux, Windows, BSD)


    Uses: Install OS on physical drive Linux installation VMware Install Windows on physical drive Boot OS from physical drive VMware Workstation tutorial Linux virtual machine to physical disk Windows to Linux migration Dual boot OS installation Boot from external SSD Linux, Windows, BSD installation guide Physical drive boot OS........
  • CDN Cloudflare how to set and preserve the real IP of the client without modifying application code on Apache


    Your frontend CDN (eg. Cloudflare or even your own load balancer/proxy) must be sending the X-Forwarded-For and you must be running Apache on the backend. This solves the problem where your logs and services will only see the proxy/CDN IP and not the real client IP. mod_rpaf will fix all of this This solution transparently sets the real IP of the client for Apache and any services that rely on........
  • CentOS 7 fix Could not retrieve mirrorlist http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=7&arch=x86_64&repo=os&infra=container error was 14: curl#6 -


    yum update Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, ovl Determining fastest mirrors Could not retrieve mirrorlist http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=7&arch=x86_64&repo=os&infra=container error was 14: curl#6 - "Could not resolve host: mirrorlist.centos.org; Unknown error" One of the configured repositories failed (Unknown), and yum doesn't have enough cached data to continue. At this point the onl........
  • Ubuntu Debian How To Install Recommended Packages Automatically


    A lot of times you may see when installing packages that apt will recommend packages, a lot of times when doing things like upgrading or install a new kernel, it is very smart at recommending related packages (eg. modules, headers, extras etc..) All you need to do is add this flag to your "apt install" command: --install-suggests........
  • How to set Linux Ubuntu Redhat Debian Command Line http https socks proxy for yum apt


    Just export these variables: export http_proxy="socks5://127.0.0.1:1234" export https_proxy="socks5://127.0.0.1:1234" The above example uses a socks 5 proxy at localhost and port 1234. This is a great way to improve performance of some activities for things like package installation, especially if your routing is not ideal to the repos.........
  • How to resize a pdf without losing much quality in Linux Mint Ubuntu Debian Redhat Solution


    Use gs or ghostscript as below, specify the output file and also the input file. In the example below the output file is "outputfile-resized.pdf" and the input file is "original-pdf.pdf". Change the input file to the name of your pdf gs -sDEVICE=pdfwrite -dCompatibilityLevel=1.4 -dPDFSETTINGS=/prepress -dNOPAUSE -dQUIET -dBATCH -sOutputFile=outputfile-resized.pdf original-pdf.pdf For........
  • Proxmox How To Custom Partition During Install


    If you just have 1 disk per node/testing/POC then you can reduce the overall disk usage during install as below: 1.) Click on "Options" on the HDD that you want to install to. 2.) Under "hdsize" Set the Maximum Size smaller than the disk size. In this example the disk is 60G and I set max size as 20G. This then........
  • Ubuntu Linux Mint Debian Redhat Youtube Cannot Play HD or 4K videos, dropped frames or high CPU usage with Nvidia or AMD Driver


    In a lot of distros, vdpau which accelerates video through the GPUis often not installed even in recent distros. This will result in Firefox with Youtube dropping frames when you check the "Stats for Nerds" and to the eye as jerky or slower video playback due to the dropped frames. Some sites will say that because you are watching VP09 that there is no GPU support, but with vdpau installed and enabled, many GPUs will still be able to use hardware decoding for 4K........
  • hostapd example configuration for high speed AC on 5GHz using WPA2


    This example is using RTL8821AU chipset from a TP-Link T2U Plus USB adapter and other similar ones should work the same. Here's how to get this chipset RTL8821AU working in Linux. Here's how to get RTL8812 and RTL8822 working in Linux.........
  • Dell Server Workstation iDRAC Dead after Firmware Update Solution R720, R320, R730


    This is certainly a poor design, as you can read many seasoned admins who have updated their iDRAC only to have it killed. One possible cause is not by doing all the incremental updates, doing updates from an old iDRAC to one many revisions newer is a sure way to kill things, but even then there is no guarantee based on the amount of failures. List of threads of people's dead iDRAC's:........
  • Cloned VM/Server/Computer in Linux won't boot and goes to initramfs busybox Solution


    This is mainly for if you've done something silly like trying to clone a Live, running VM image. In this example, the VM initially finds grub and tries to boot but is kicked straight into initramfs rescue mode/busybox right after this. If you've done this "silly" thing, you could have dataloss but a lot of times just using fsck will fix it as you are guaranteed at best to have some corruption and inconsistencies in the filesystem. My theory is that some files wer........
  • How To Add Windows 7 8 10 11 to GRUB Boot List Dual Booting


    Many times just doing an update-grub may find Windows and add it to grub, but a lot of times it won't. Create Windows in a custom grub entry like below: sudo vi /etc/grub.d/40_custom menuentry "Windows 10" { set root='(hd0,0)' chainloader + 1 } Change Windows 10 to whatever you want to call it. For example if it was for Windows 11 you'd probably want to ca........
  • How to configure OpenDKIM on Linux with Postfix and setup bind zonefile


    This guide assumes you have a working Postfix server and want it to sign with DKIM. There are a few things we have to understand to make all of this work though, which require you to be familiar with DNS as well. 1.) Install OpenDKIM apt install opendkim systemctl enable opendkim 2.) Edit /etc/opendkim.conf Syslog yes SyslogSuccess yes Mode&nbs........
  • Debian Ubuntu 10/11/12 Linux how to get tftpd-hpa server setup tutorial


    apt install tftpd-hpa #change TFTP_ADDRESS to by setting address to 192.168.1.1:69 or the IP you need, otherwise it will listen on all IPs and interfaces which could be a security risk. # edit /etc/default/tftpd-hpa TFTP_USERNAME="tftp" TFTP_DIRECTORY="/srv/tftp" TFTP_ADDRESS="192.168.1.1:69" TFTP_OPTIONS="--secure"........
  • efibootmgr: option requires an argument -- 'd' efibootmgr version 15 grub-install.real: error: efibootmgr failed to register the boot entry: Operation not permitted.


    This sometimes happens when trying to install the EFIversion of grub to a device when you are booted into Legacy/MBR mode. It doesn't seem to occur on all machines, but some and seems somewhat BIOS dependent. grub-install --target=x86_64-efi /dev/sda Installing for x86_64-efi platform. grub-install.real: warning: Couldn't find physical volume `(null)'. Some modules may be missing from core image.. grub-install.real: warning: Couldn't find physica........
  • Linux Debian Mint Ubuntu Bridge br0 gets random IP


    This can break things easily in remove environments where it was normally easy to convert a normal eth0 to a bridge under br0, and that bridge would normally have the same MAC address by default, which is desirable for most situations. In Debian 11 this is different for some reason now. https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/681013/bridge-gets-random-mac-........
  • redis requirements


    sysctl vm.overcommit_memory=1 echo never > /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled echo 511 > /proc/sys/net/core/somaxconn 1:M 26 Nov 2023 21:34:33.840 # WARNING: The TCP backlog setting of 511 cannot be enforced because /proc/sys/net/core/somaxconn is set to the lower value of 128. 1:M 26 Nov 2023 21:34:33.840 # Server initialized 1:M 26 Nov 2023 21:34:33.840 # WARNING overcommit_memory is set to 0! Background sa........
  • How to kill a docker swarm


    Assign way more replicas than you have of memory on all nodes and watch the Swarm crash which can easily reproduce in a small VMfor testing. root@Deb11Docker01:~# docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAM........
  • docker swarm silly issues


    The error below can be caused by a gateway that is unpingable: docker swarm join --token SWMTKN-1-1kogg8da68gtb1j7ezaddowyy9s0an5s9tue758o20k18liskw-5h3f61hrrmv3u6agshvbtcklf 172.16.1.80:2377 Error response from daemon: manager stopped: can't initialize raft node: rpc error: code = Unknown desc = could not connect to prospective new cluster member using its advertised address: rpc error: code = DeadlineExceeded desc = context deadline exceeded........
  • nvidia cannot resume from sleep Comm: nvidia-sleep.sh Tainted: Linux Ubuntu Mint Debian


    This seems to happen in many different drivers but it happened more often in newer versions such as 530 vs 525. Then nvidia-modeset goes to 100% There are many reports of this appearing since driver 4.70 and I can confirm I've seen this in various machines. https://forums.de........
  • How to access a disk with bad superblock Linux Ubuntu Debian Redhat CentOS ext3 ext4


    Have you ever tried mounting a partition that you exists but you get this error? mount: /mnt: can't read superblock on /dev/sda1. The superblock in this example was bad because the physical disk had corruption and bad blocks/sectors. However, the data was generally accessible and you can always try this trick below (with caution and no warranty). This is specifically for filesystems that place superblocks in multiple locations, which........
  • ImageMagick error convert solution - convert-im6.q16: cache resources exhausted


    convert-im6.q16: DistributedPixelCache '127.0.0.1' @ error/distribute-cache.c/ConnectPixelCacheServer/244. convert-im6.q16: cache resources exhausted `/tmp/magick-27777Al6FGY7dhyKt10' @ error/cache.c/OpenPixelCache/3984. convert-im6.q16: DistributedPixelCache '127.0.0.1' @ error/distribute-cache.c/ConnectPixelCacheServer/244. convert-im6.q16: cache resources exhausted `/tmp/magick-277772Y_-pJnMdT2r1' @ error/cache.c/OpenPixelCache/3984. convert-im6.q16: Distr........
  • Migrated Linux Ubuntu Mint not starting services due to broken /var/run and dbus - Failed to connect to bus: No such file or directory solution


    This is a weird issue as sometimes when upgrading or even migrating, this could happen and the reason is simple but maybe not 100% obvious at first. You will find that your GUIdoesn't load and most services fail to start, even logind Here are some errors you may see: Mar 13 22:22:23 rttbox systemd-logind[2892]: Failed to connect to system bus: No such file or directory Mar 13 22:22:23 rttbox systemd-logind........
  • qemu-system-x86_64: Initialization of device ide-hd failed: Failed to get


    You start a qemu like this and another VM already started with the same .iso qemu-system-x86_64 -enable-kvm -m 4096 -cdrom some.iso But you get this error: qemu-system-x86_64: Initialization of device ide-hd failed: Failed to get "write" lock Is another process using the image [some.iso]? It's odd because the -cdrom by default is read-only and qemu should not want or care about getting write lock on........
  • File "/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/pip/_internal/utils/entrypoints.py", line 12 f"pip{sys.version_info.major}", ^ SyntaxError: invalid syntax python pip3 error solution


    Is python3-pip pip3 not working anymore? Traceback (most recent call last): File "/usr/bin/pip3", line 11, in sys.exit(main()) File "/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/pip/__init__.py", line 11, in main from pip._internal.utils.entrypoints import _wrapper File "/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/pip/_interna........
  • How To Stop DNSMasq from listening on all IPs/Interfaces and allow only localhost


    Some people find it less than intuitive to do on DNSMasq and by default DNSMasq is available on 0.0.0.0 which could even be your LAN or Public IP. Active Internet connections (servers and established) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name tcp ........
  • du - VAS Billing Subscriptions Hack/Scam MLPremiumSub Invascom Astromart Issues Complaint


    If you have du, you may want to check your bill, as you can read about a longstanding issue with fraudulent charges showing up and many users claiming they did not subscribe or solicit those offers. These don't normally show up on new accounts, but they seem to target established users and maybe even users they suspect are not watching their phone or bills, while they are on vacation. These charges can frighteningly happen with 0 interaction from the user despite what........
  • Docker Swarm vs Kubernetes Comparison Guide


    A lot of companies are unsure which solution to choose and many may not be aware of Docker Swarm as an alternative to Kubernetes. One thing that many Sysadmins find is that Docker Swarm is simply easier, quicker to setup and maintain by far than Kubernetes.........
  • When is it time to leave your VPS/VDS Cloud Hosting Provider?


    When Is It Time to Leave Your VPS, VDS, and Dedicated Server Provider? Choosing the right hosting solution—be it Virtu........
  • Postfix / sendmail config for DKIM, SPF and DMARC Tutorial Guide E-mail Delivery for Hotmail.com Gmail.com and More HowTo


    This will be the goto to help solve e-mail delivery issues and talk about many practical issues that happen between developers, admins and scripts that send e-mail and do things that may not be acceptable or cause deliverability problems. Sendmail Stuff Edit /etc/mail/sendmail.mc The problem is that if you send directly out from the server using the mail function, the Return-path of the e-mails will be username@thehostnameoftheserver.com. Let........
  • Install Grafana on Linux Debian Ubuntu Tutorial Guide


    First we need a few extra packages: apt update apt install -y adduser libfontconfig1 musl sudo wget https://dl.grafana.com/enterprise/release/grafana-enterprise_10.3.1_amd64.deb Install / Enable Grafana dpkg -i grafana-enterprise_10.3.1_amd64.deb dpkg -i grafana-enterprise_10.3.1_amd64.deb (Reading database ... 44309 files and directories currently installed.) Preparin........
  • System has not been booted with systemd as init system (PID 1). Can't operate. Failed to talk to init daemon. Ubuntu Debian Linux Solution Cannot reboot


    You are probably using some custom image or maybe this is some sort of container that didn't boot with systemd. The solution is to use "reboot -f" reboot -f This will force the system/OS/VM/container to reboot.........
  • Mint Ubuntu Linux Gnome Showing Home Directory on Desktop instead of Desktop Directory


    During a migration or other custom setup, it's possible you don't have a $HOME/Desktop and as a result the config file that controls this is set to just use your $HOME directory. This is controlled in the file: $HOME/.config/user-dirs.dirs As we can see below, Desktop, Downloads, Music and Pictures are set to $HOME. We can edit any of these as we like. # This file is written by xdg-user-dirs-update # If you want........
  • Proxmox How To Rename Node Hostname Fix Solution


    Proxmox's documentation shows the following here. Which mainly just says change /etc/hosts and /etc/hostname with your new hostname. Here's what happens if you only do that: If you just do the above, you will find you have an inaccessible original hostname that contains those VMs and you cannot........
  • Linux how to get list of all timezones on system Ubuntu


    find /usr/share/zoneinfo/|sed s#"/usr/share/zoneinfo/"##g|grep "/"|grep -v posix|grep -v ^"Etc/"|grep -v ^right|grep -v ^"SystemV" Africa/Addis_Ababa Africa/Abidjan Africa/Blantyre Africa/Lusaka Africa/Casablanca Africa/Libreville Africa/Asmara Africa/Bujumbura Africa/Dakar Africa/Lagos Africa/Malabo Africa/Harare Africa/Kigali........
  • Proxmox install issue cannot see the buttons or install wrong / bad resolution cannot see the entire screen problem solution


    If you are using a hypervisor to test Proxmox (eg. Vbox) then changing the video card/display adapter can fix it. For example VboxSVGA causes the issue but switching to VMSVGA fixes it. For example VboxSVGA causes the issue but switching to VMSVGA fixes it. ........
  • Can't exec "aclocal": No such file or directory at /usr/share/autoconf/Autom4te/FileUtils.pm line 326. autoreconf: failed to run aclocal: No such file or directory solution


    autoreconf: Entering directory `.' autoreconf: configure.ac: not using Gettext autoreconf: running: aclocal --output=aclocal.m4t Can't exec "aclocal": No such file or directory at /usr/share/autoconf/Autom4te/FileUtils.pm line 326. autoreconf: failed to run aclocal: No such file or directory make: *** [/software/pixman/configure] Error 1 Just install automake: yum install automake........
  • How To Upgrade Debian 8,9,10 to Debian 12 Bookworm


    Step 1.) Upgrade to Debian 11 first The process to go to Debian 12 is not as smooth as 11, when trying to upgrade from Debian 10. In fact, it doesn't work directly, so you'll first need to follow this guide to update to Debian 11, reboot and come back here if successful. Step 2.) Update sources.list Update your /etc/apt/sources.list like this: deb http://........
  • How to use the FTDI USB serial cable to RJ45 adapter to connect to the console on Cisco/Juniper Switch Router Firewall in Linux Ubuntu Debian Redhat


    This should work for most console ports of other manufacturers too. It is a quick and simple method for emegencies or deploying a few appliances/devices in a non-standard environment or small environment. However, if this is a route thing, or the equipment is not physically close to you, it would be best to use some sort of "Terminal" server which is an IP connected switch with several serial ports built-in for this purpose. Normally they accessible by web/........
  • How To Setup Python3 in Ubuntu Docker Image for AI Deep Learning


    The issue is that Docker images are stripped down, so many tools and even python3 is missing, so you'll have to build or update the actual image yourself. I assume you have started an image with something like this and that you have the Nvidia Toolkit installed (assuming you are using GPUs). If you're not using nvidia just remove --runtime=nvidia --gpus all. docker run -it --runtime=nvidia --gpus all ubuntu bash These works for most images li........
  • How to Configure NVIDIA GPUs with Docker on Ubuntu: A Comprehensive Guide for AI Deep Learning CUDA Solution


    Welcome to our in-depth guide on configuring NVIDIA GPUs with Docker on Ubuntu. This post is tailored for developers, data scientists, and IT professionals who are looking to leverage the power of NVIDIA's GPU acceleration within Docker containers. Whether you're working on machine lea........
  • Linux Ubuntu Mint how to check nameservers when /etc/resolv.conf disabled solution


    You'll notice that /etc/resolv.conf contains dire warners on most Linux Desktops. # This file is managed by man:systemd-resolved(8). Do not edit. # # This is a dynamic resolv.conf file for connecting local clients to the # internal DNS stub resolver of systemd-resolved. This file lists all # configured search domains. # # Run "resolvectl status" to see details about the uplink DNS servers # currently in use........
  • Internet Explorer Cannot Download File "Your security settings do not allow for this file to be downloaded." Security Settings Solution


    By default in most newer Windows installs, you will not be able to download files from "Internet" sites and you'll get this error "Your security settings do not allow for this file to be downloaded." Solution to Enable Downloads in IE Internet Explorer 1.) Go to Settings (button) -> Internet options -> Security (tab) 2.) Click "Internet" and then the "Custom Level" button. 3.) Find the following section and set D........
  • Linux How To Upgrade To The Latest Kernel Debian Mint Ubuntu


    How to check what kernel version you have/currently running? uname -rm 5.4.0-91-generic x86_64 The above shows us that we are running 5.4.0-91-generic on the x86_64 architecture. The safest way is to stick with the same flavor eg if you're on generic, and say on kernel 5.4.0 then it makes sense to follow what is below. However, if you are migrating or dual booting between newer hardware (eg. you got a........
  • Linux How To echo as root solution to use tee permission denied solution Ubuntu Debian Mint Redhat CentOS


    The issue is when you need to echo something as root/sudo, that it doesn't work. You can never do a sudo echo to an output file as you'd expect. Take an example to clear out wasted RAM buffers/cache like this: sudo echo 1 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches -bash: /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches: Permission denied The solution is to run tee as sudo/root What we do is echo 1, but then pipe it to the "tee" command as sudo........
  • Linux how to keep command line bash process running if you are disconnected or need to logout of SSH remotely


    So you started a process or other important task that is remote but it is in the foreground and on a pts. This means if you background with Ctrl + Z or otherwise logout or get disconnected that the process will be stopped. Here is how you can solve the problem: 1.) Hit Ctrl + Z to suspend the process. 2.) Type bg to restore the process into the background. If you do a ps aux on the process you will see it was restored with the & at the end, which puts........
  • request_module: runaway loop modprobe binfmt-464c Kernel panic - not syncing: No init found Pid: 1, comm: swapper/0 Not tainted solution


    request_module: runaway loop modprobe binfmt-464c Kernel panic - not syncing: No init found Pid: 1, comm: swapper/0 Not tainted This is usually caused by a mismatch in architecture and happens frequently in development environments. Here is a example of what caused this issue: Your binaries are based on one architecture Your kernel was compiled with another architecture. Why does this happe........
  • bash: apt-add-repository: command not found solved solution fix


    Getting this error "bash: apt-add-repository: command not found"? You need to install the software-properties-common to solve the error: sudo apt-get install software-properties-common........
  • How to upgrade to the latest Python version on Linux Ubuntu Debian Mint 3.11


    A lot of developers want to go to 3.11 because of the speed improvements, but most distros never have the latest Python version. Using the deadsnakes third party repo is the easiest way aside from compiling it yourself (which is safer and recommended): Step 1 - Add the repo apt-add-repository ppa:deadsnakes/ppa If you get an error about requests then install it:........
  • add bridge failed: Package not installed Linux Bridge Not working Ubuntu Mint Debian solution


    If you get this error in your logs: add bridge failed: Package not installed This error normally means one of two things. 1.) Is your brctl (bridge-utils) installed? On Mint/Debian check for "brctl". If it's not there do sudo apt install bridge-utils uml-utilities 2.) Is your bridge.ko (bridge kernel module loaded?). On some installs I have seen that you cannot modpro........
  • vi cannot copy and paste automatic visual mode solution


    See below in the screenshot that copy is disabled by visual mode which enables automatically: Fix it by setting this .vimrc option: echo "set mouse-=a" >> ~/.vimrc........
  • python3 error Ubuntu Linux error solution SyntaxError: invalid syntax line 12 pip{sys.version_info.major}


    This sort of thing normally happens your python3 or pip3 has been updated, because you have to in order to use pip, but the newer pip now breaks compatibility with your old python (3.5 in this case). There are a few solutions, the easiest is perhaps to upgrade to a newer OS with a newer distro provided Python 3 or to manually install a newer version of Python/OR use a PPA like deadsnakes that provides newer versions. ........
  • How to remove metadata from pdf on Linux Ubuntu


    Install exiftool: apt install exiftool Remove the metadata from "thefile.pdf": exiftool -all= thefile.pdf Warning: [minor] ExifTool PDF edits are reversible. Deleted tags may be recovered! - thefile.pdf 1 image files updated Metadata, in the context of PDFs, refers to a set of data that describes and gives informat........
  • How to install and configure haproxy on Linux Ubuntu Debian


    haproxy is one of the best known and widely used Open Source load balancers out there and a strong competitor to nginx. haproxy is used by many large sites per Wikipedia: HAProxy is used by a number of high-profile websites including GoDaddy, GitHub,........
  • talib/_ta_lib.c:747:10: fatal error: ta-lib/ta_defs.h: No such file or directory


    If you are installing ta-lib for Python and get this error then you can normally solve it by manually getting the ta-lib source files and compiling. tar -zxvf ta-lib-0.4.0-src.tar.gz cd ta-lib;./configure;make;make install Collecting ta-lib Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/39/6f/6acaee2eac6afb2cc6a2adcb294080577f9983fbd2726395b9047c4e13ec/TA-Lib-0.4.26.tar.gz (272kB) &nbs........
  • How to install Windows or other OS and then bring to another computer by using a physical drive and Virtual Machine with QEMU


    This has been a tried and true method for Windows because it is finicky with hardware changes without a reinstall (eg BSOD on boot is what happens 9/10 times unless you move to the same hardwar). Surprisingly, if you use a QEMU VM and do a standard install, it has worked in every system I've thrown the drive in afterwards. So the play is this, use a USB SSD, physical SATA drive plugged internally or for convenience, you could use a SATA to USB adapter on another computer to perf........
  • PXE-E23 Error BOOTx64.EFI GRUB booting is 0 bytes tftp pxe dhcp solution NBP filesize is 0 Bytes


    Be very careful about what filename you specify in dhcpd.conf if you get an error like this: NBP filesize is 0 Bytes PXE-E23:Client received TFTP error from server. If you specify "BOOTx64.efi" then the file had better not be called "BOOTx64.EFI" as it is case sensitive. It's really a case of th........
  • RHEL 8 CentOS 8, Alma Linux 8, Rocky Linux 8 System Not Booting with RAID or on other servers/computers Solution for dracut and initramfs missing kernel modules


    This seems to have changed for RHEL 8 where a normal dracut to update your initramfs creates a system that only boots for the running kernel. For example if you have Kernel 5 and then chroot into a RHEL 8 variant which uses kernel 4.18, and run dracut, it seems that by default the system will be unbootable. It is also the case that if you move your RAID array or drives to another server that it will be unbootable, because dracut seems to only include modules needed for the curre........
  • How to Upgrade to Debian 11 from Version 8,9,10


    This likely works for even older versions but I have only tested on 8,9,10 (11,12). It's quite impressive at how easy it is to upgrade from a very old version to the new version. I would say that Debian version upgrades are some of the quickest and smoothest of any distro. 1.) Backup your /etc/apt/sources.list cp /etc/apt/sources.list ~ #Get your keys first, you need the latest keys for Debian 11 or it won't work:........
  • Ubuntu Linux Mint Debian Redhat Cannot View Files on Android iPhone USB File Transfer Not Working Solution


    If you plugin your phone to your computer and enable USB File Transfer/Allow on the phone side but the contents of your phone on the computer side are empty in the file manager, you probably don't have mtp-tools.MTP or media transfer protocol is the standard protocol that most phones use to communicate over USB to the computer. Just do this to fix it and get access to your files: apt install mtp-tools After that you should be a........
  • Virtualbox Best Networking Mode In Lab/Work Environment without using NAT Network or Bridged


    Virtualbox is a very powerful tool, but for some use cases it is less than optimal. Say you are in a work, lab or other environment where you are not alone on the physical network and there could be overlap of IPs, but you need all of your VMs to be contactable from your host, VMs need to communicate with each other, and VMs need internet. NAT Network will give you VM to VM communication and internet, however, it is buggy and unstable. It also doesn't allow host to VM co........
  • debootstrap how to install Ubuntu, Mint, Debian install


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  • QEMU/KVM How to Hot-add A Virtual Disk .raw/.qcow2 via QEMU Monitor Commands


    For a lot of reasons, it may be convenient to detach or attach live disks to a running VM without having to reboot it. Sure, you can use some network based storage, but when performance counts, attaching a new virtual disk will usually give you better throughput and lower latency in a quick testing situation. This doesn't work, why not? drive_add 0 if=virtio,file=/tmp/vm.qcow2,if=virtio,format=qcow2,id=rtt Can't hot-ad........
  • Proxmox How To Enable Ceph Distributed Storage Cluster with OSD and Pools


    How To Install Ceph If you stopped an install of Ceph midway you will need to manually restart it with "pveceph install" Remember that your VM needs to have working internet (gateway) and DNS in order to connect to the apt repo to download all of the packages that Ceph requires. Remember to repeat these steps for each node that you want Ceph on. ........
  • Ubuntu Linux Mint - Volume Control Stopped Working


    Volume control will often stop working, if your sound server (normally pulseaudio) dies or restarts whether by itself or by you. The reason pulseaudio may need to be restarted is due to some sort of crash or other issue that prevents sound from working (normally restarting or doing a killall pulseaudio fixes things). However, you will normally find at least in OS's like Ubuntu/Mint 16/18+ that you cannot control the volume whether adjusting the level, changing input/outputs and........
  • Virtualbox Vbox Issue Cannot Enable Nested Virtualization Button is Grayed/Greyed Out and Unclickable HowTo Solution


    In newer of versions of Virtualbox, especially above 6.0 (eg. 6.1 like the example below), a lot of times the "Enable Nested VT-x/AMD-V". If you are having this issue, you will see the option is grayed out. It doesn't mean that your computer does not support virtualization, although it is possible it is disabled in the BIOS. You can verify........
  • Virtualbox VBOX Howto Port Forward To Guests


    NAT Network, the VMs can communicate but your host cannot access them by default. NAT VMs have internet but cannot communicate with each other. Bridged is simple and allows full LAN access as if you had a physical machine plugged in but is often bad for testing, work or corporate environments and is not very portable when it comes to moving your VMs to other locations and networks. Here is how you can use NAT Ne........
  • Linux Ubuntu Debian Centos Mint - How To Check if Intel VT-x or AMD-V Hardware Virtualization is Enabled?


    From the terminal do this: cat /proc/cpuinfo|grep -E "svm|vmx" You should get output like this(svm = AMD-v and vmx=Intel-VTx): flags : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht tm pbe syscall nx pdpe1gb rdtscp lm constant_tsc arch_perfmon pebs bts rep_good nopl xtopology nonstop_tsc cpuid aperfmperf pni pclmulqd........
  • Windows Cannot Format USB drive Device Media is Write Protected Error Solution


    First of all make sure that you don't have the write-lock or write-protect switch enabled on the SDCard or USB drive. If the above is not the case, then follow these instructions: Solution - Clear Read Only Attribute Hit "Windows Key+R" and enter "cmd" to enter the command prompt: Now type the following :........
  • How to install Kubernetes with microk8s and deploy apps on Debian/Mint/Ubuntu Linux


    Kubernetes Easy Beginners Tutorial/Architecture Guide Kubernetes is known as container orchestration and we should start at explaining the container part of it. A Container is what runs the actual application and based on an Image, and are more comparable to something like an LXC Container, Virtuozzo/OpenVZ using the Linux Kernel Namespaces feature. Containers run these images as independent, isolated operating environments under the O........
  • vi how to delete everything to the end of the line or the rest of the line from the cursor


    vi is very handy when doing a lot of config file editing and can save you time over using the mouse or using the x or delete keys to manually delete. Solution: If you don't want it to stop deleting when encountering things like - or _, then you want this: d$ Or if you want it to stop on - and _ then use this: dw Remember both commands are in "non-input mode" so not when you're........
  • Cisco Howto Configure Console Port/Terminal/Comm Server with Async Cable Setup


    This assumes that you've already installed the relevant HWIC cards eg. Cisco Asynchronous Serial NIM These are essentially cards that you install into your router, once installed you connect an Async cable to one of the ports on the card which normally gives you 8 console cables and are normally labelled 1 through 8. You connect all of the cables to the devices you need (even non-Cisco devices) whether switches, routers or firewalls, they will usually work. The real m........
  • Ubuntu/Debian Linux/Unix Howto Setup Install Syslinux Bootable USB with EFI and MBR from Command Line/CLI Terminal


    There aren't too many simple guides that show you how to use commands to setup your USB or other drive as a normal bootable drive where you can easily boot custom kernels or whatever OS you would like. 1. Get the tools we need: We install "syslinux" for MBR and "syslinux-efi" for EFI and "MBR" as we need a tool that embeds the actual MBR into our USB: sudo apt install syslinux syslinux-efi mbr........
  • Cisco Switch Howto Reset Password


    This was done on a 2900 but applies to all the switches of the same era. Step 1 - Power Cycle and enter recovery mode If you have physical access you can power cycle and hold the mode button down for 15 seconds. After that the SYS light will flash on the switch and you will see the following screenshot. If you don't have physical access (eg. it is a datacenter swich over console only) then power cycle and hit "Ctrl+Pause/B........
  • SSH cannot connect to old servers/devices/switches/routers/Cisco/Juniper Unable to negotiate with 192.168.20.2 port 22: no matching key exchange method found. Their offer: diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha1,diffie-hellman-group14-sha1,diffie-hell


    A lot of older devices either support telnet or very old SSH keyx algorithms which are insecure and disabled by all newer/modern SSH clients for security reasons. However, sometimes you may be on a LAN via VPNor some other secured network or for whatever reason, absolutely, need to connect to this device and sometimes old/embedded devices may not be possible to update to a newer SSH server. If you run into this you may be using a modern/newer SSH client and get thi........
  • ksnapshot missing in Ubuntu and Linux Mint Solution


    It has been renamed to kde-spectacle so you install it like so: sudo apt install kde-spectacle You'll find it in your start menu listed as "Take Screenshot"........
  • bash how to hide username/customize prompt Linux Debian Redhat Ubuntu Solution


    Just edit your ~/.bashrc and add this at the very end: export PS1="realtechtalk.com" Then your prompt will look like this: bladeblox:uptime 08:47:14 up 48 min, 1 user, load average: 1.00, 1.07, 0.96 If you wanted a dollar sign at the end then you would change it like this: export PS1=&........
  • Cisco Router Password Reset Howto Guide Solution Cannot Login /Unknown Enable Password 2600, 2800, 2900, 3900


    It is common that you may get access to undocumented equipment and need to reset the password. This applies to many Cisco routers whether 2600, 2900, 3900 etc... Cisco's Guide says to hit Ctrl +Pause/Break but if it doesn't work on some devices causing people to say "cisco password reset pause break does not work", you can see Cisco's alternative key combinations here:........
  • Unable to mount location Failed to retrieve share list from server: Connection timed out - Samba/Linux Filesharing Not working Ubuntu Mint Linux Solution


    So you're trying to browse to a properly configured Samba share but you get this error: Unable to mount location Failed to retrieve share list from server: Connection timed out If your config is right, it can be due to a protocol miss-match where your client has not enabled SMB3 but by default the other side (server) has enabled it. You can test this out to see with the smbclient tool........
  • vi how to delete all lines in the file


    1.) gg and dG The easiest way is to type "gg" to bring yourself to the first line of the file and the "dG" clears the contents. 2.) :1,$d Hit Escape and colon and then type: 1,$d and all contents / lines of the file will be cleared.........
  • Linux Mint / Ubuntu 20 Intel I219 NIC disconnects


    If you are using the stock 5.4 kernel this is normal but I can confirm it is fixed in newer 5.8 kernels. To fix it just install the 5.8 kernel and reboot: sudo apt install linux-headers-5.8.0-64-generic linux-modules-extra-5.8.0-64-generic linux-image-5.8.0-64-generic........
  • Linux can't boot/grub boot loader screen with no options solution


    Usually if you get the grub boot loader and it doesn't show any boot options, it's because grub was not installed correctly and/or the partition that it is supposed to be on has changed or does not exist. It can also happen if you install Linux to one drive, but the boot loader to another by accident, whether EFI or MBR/Legacy mode. You can normally fix your booting/bootloader/MBR/EFI it by chrooting into your root partition: #become root sudo su........
  • EFI PXE grub2 Howto guide for Linux EFI PXE Booting on Debian, Mint, Ubuntu, RHEL


    Just a quick note and warning is that if you are testing to see if EFIPXE booting works on a VM, MAKE SURE it actually works. For example Iinitially tested using my Distro's QEMU 2.5+dfsg-5ubuntu10.46 and ovmf BIOS firmware (OVMF supports EFI). However, I found on old versions of QEMU (like 2.5), EFIbooting with GRUB NEVER works so it may appear that you have made a mistake when everything is fine when you boot a physi........
  • Juniper JunOS Command Overview and Howtos Switch, Router, Firewall Tutorial Guide


    Enable "cli" mode equivalent in JunOS cli Configure Mode configure So rather than going to the console on a Cisco switch and typing "enable" and then "conf t", the equivalent in JunOS is "cli" and "configure". How Do You Apply Changes You've Made? You can make all kinds of changes to the switch, but remember they are not........
  • Aruba/HP/Dell IAP Wireless Controller Common Default Passwords


    Aruba has a very traditional "admin" for user and password by default for many of its appliances. If you've reset or just got some new units this will be the default password that you should change immediately for security reasons.........
  • Linux Grub not booting the intended kernel solution in Debian, Mint, Ubuntu how to specify which kernel to boot by default


    Traditionally kernels were numbered starting from 0 but by default the "new style" of grub boot loading considers each subkernel item to be different so if you have 3 entries for 4.40-148 rather than counting for 1. To get the expected behavior let's show this example and how we can boot it We do a grep on menuentry in /boot/grub/grub.cfg to see all of the bootable kernels rather than scrolling through loads of extra entries we don't care about (thou........
  • Linux how to compile binary with static sharedobjects embedded instead of dynamic to use on multi-distributions and avoid glibc compatiblity issues


    One simple flag to configure will create a makefile that statically links all the shared objects and embeds them instead the binary execute. This means as long as you have the same architecture that things should run. Eg. if you have an old version of Debian with a different version of glibc, then this will solve that problem. ./configure LDFLAGS="-static" To test that it is really statically linked run ldd: ldd src/wget........
  • /bin/sh: msgfmt: not found error solution on Linux Compilation Ubuntu Debian Mint Centos


    If you get this error, you were probably compiling some sort of binary or package and got this error. It is normally solved by installing the "gettext"package. On Debian/Ubuntu just apt-get it: apt-get install gettext After that you should be able to configure and make (compile) properly.........
  • Mikrotik RouterOS CHR/ISO Basic and Quick Setup Howto Guide


    Many people may not be aware that you can turn commodity hardware into a Mikrotik OS and there are various options which is "CHR" (Cloud Hosted Router) which is a VMimage meant for Virtualization only (seriously, I've tried to dd the image to a physical server and it just crashed as it does not contain any drivers for physical). One note as well if you are trying to do a baremetal install you may get an error "Error Loading Operating System" or........
  • qemu 4 compilation options


    How To Compile QEMU Manually (using sensible options) 1.) Download the QEMU source file you want. wget https://download.qemu.org/qemu-4.2.0.tar.xz 2.) Extract The Source File tar -Jxvf qemu-4.2.0.tar.xz 3.) Switch to the extracted source cd qemu-4.2.0 4.) Make sure we have the right libraries and tools to compile QEMU manually sudo apt install build-e........
  • CentOS 7 8 PXEBoot Netinstall Not Working Solution "Pane is dead "new value non-exisetnt xfs filesystem is not valid as a default fs type"


    The problem seems to be that whatever kernel and initrd you have is tied to an old version of CentOS 7 that is no longer in the current repos of most mirrors. If you were previously able to PXEboot and install CentOS and you are sure your network and tftp are good the problem is that you have an outdated kernel and initramfs that point to a defunct version.........
  • Scanner not working in Linux Ubuntu Fedora Mint Debian over the network? Use sane-airscan!


    I have a Canon MF642c and the scanner wouldn't work. I tried to use saned but it didn't work with the BJNPlike it did for some other Canon models. Introducing sane-airscan with packages for the most common distributions: https://software.opensuse.org/download.html?project=home%3Apzz&package=sane-airscan http........
  • How To Boot, Install and Run Windows 2000 on QEMU-KVM


    Interestingly enough Windows 2000 works fine on QEMU 64-bit but you have to specify Pentium as your CPU otherwise it doesn't complete the install (it will not pass the detecting/setting up devices phase). -vga cirrus is wise because it is supported by Windows 2000 and allows higher resolutions and 24-bit color. -cpu Pentium emulates an old computer and is necessary for install to complete -device rtl8139 is important as this oldschool Realtek 8139 NIC is supported by W........
  • bash cannot execute permission denied


    $ ./test.sh bash: ./test.sh: Permission denied This happens normally because you are on a partition that was mounted as "user" and without the exec option. Also be sure to add exec at the end so no other options set noexec. Change your fstab or add exec to your mount options: /dev/md127 /mnt/md127 ext4 auto,nofail,noatime,rw,user,exec 0 0 ........
  • Huion and Wacom Tablets How To Install in Linux Mint / Ubuntu and make the stylus work properly


    It took a lot of fiddling to make a Huion Kamvas 13 Pro work in Linux but it simple once you know what to do. Don't bother searching as it is unlkely there is a guide out there that will actually make your tablet work. It mainly comes down to the fact that the hid_uclogic kernel module is buggy or doesn't support MANYof these wacom based/Huion tablets properly. What was happening with me is that Ihad the Kamvas 13 Huion setup as a secondary screen/monitor.&nb........
  • Linux How To Stop Missing Drive from Halting Boot Process in fstab


    When you automount a drive in /etc/fstab even if it's not important like an external drive that you only use sometimes and is not required for booting, it will prevent a successfuly boot. If you disable quiet mode for booting you will see something like below "A start job is running for dev-disk ...." How do we fix an fstab entry from preventi........
  • Linux and Windows Dual Boot Crazy Time Issues


    The problem is that Linux uses UTC and Windows uses the local time from the RTC. This means whenever you boot Linux or Windows and then go back to the other OS, you will find your time is incorrect because of the two different clock modes fighting. This results in very annoying issues when booting between the two because the clock is set based on the different standards once you boot (eg. Linux UTC by default and Windows RTC). For example it may cause issues with fsck and........
  • dynagen / dynamips 100% high CPU usage solution - how to set the idlepc value


    The idlepc value is very important to dynamips and it is both image and often CPU dependent. There is no "magic"value that will work for all images and all CPUs so this is why I'll show you a quick and handy way. Also don't be disappointed, some values do not work well but idlepc gives you several. For example in my example below #6 didn't help at all but #7 got me down to about 6% CPU from 99-100%. *Befo........
  • Linux Mint Ubuntu Debian CentOS Dual Boot Install Issues


    The best way to avoid this problem is to understand how your BIOS is setup to boot. Often newer machines will default to U(EFI) which is different than the traditional MBR/Legacy mode. The problem is that this may not be apparent, often a BIOS Boot Menu will show a Legacy Boot Option and EFIOption without defining it. A good example of this is if your USB is called "Kingston" you may see in your Boot Menu "Kingston" and also "Ubuntu"........
  • Linux Mint/Debian/Ubuntu/Centos Installer black grub screen and blank screen after trying to boot installer or main OS


    This happens to a lot of Nvidia users especially users of newer cards like the RTX series. If for example you are trying to boot and install Linux and you get a black and white grub2 screen instead of a nice graphical welcome installer, you probably suffer from this bug. It is normally followed by the user booting and finding they just have a blank/black screen. Here is the quick flow of steps to fix it: If you get a black grub scree........
  • Linux Mint Dual Boot Install Avoid Wiping our your Main C: drive /dev/sda MBR and EFI


    Before you try to install and dual boot it is very important to understand the concept of "what boot mode your BIOS is in" and "what mode you booted the installer to". Then follow the example of Linux Mint (but most Linux installers are very similar)to carefully understand WHERE you are installing your Boot Loader to whether that be MBR or EFI. How Am IBooted? First it's important to check your BIOS to see........
  • QEMU-KVM soundhw deprecated how to enable sound in QEMU 4.x series


    In QEMU 4 or higher you can no longer use the normal "-soundhw ac97" flag and it is much more complicated but here is a simple copy and paste on Linux that will just work: -audiodev you have to use -audiodev to specify the driver and id driver=pa id=someid -device you have to specify the same audiodev id you used in -audiodev and driver -audiodev driver=pa,id=pa1 -devic........
  • Virtualbox Error Cannot register the hard disk because a hard disk with UUID already exists solution


    Cannot register the hard disk '/some/path/windows-marking.vdi' {f54def00-2252-43f5-9178-0998636cad61} because a hard disk '/other-path/windows-marking.vdi' with UUID {f54def00-2252-43f5-9178-0998636cad61} already exists. Result Code: NS_ERROR_INVALID_ARG (0x80070057) Component: VirtualBoxWrap Interface: IVirtualBox {0169423f-46b4-cde9-91af-1e9d5b6cd945} Callee RC: VBOX_E_OBJECT_NOT_FOUND (0x80BB0001)........
  • apcupsd how to setup and monitor APC UPS units


    It really seems limited in that it can mainly give you the things you would see on the physical unit such as load etc.. wget https://downloads.sourceforge.net/project/apcupsd/apcupsd%20-%20Stable/3.14.14/apcupsd-3.14.14.tar.gz?r=https%3A%2F%2Fsourceforge.net%2Fprojects%2Fapcupsd%2Ffiles%2Flatest%2Fdownload&ts=1598115866 tar -zxvf apcupsd-3.14.14.tar.gz cd apcupsd-3.14.14 [root@somebox apcupsd-3.14.14]# ./conf........
  • Nvidia Ubuntu Linux Screentearing Video with solution driver


    This seems to happen on most if not all Nvidia cards but the good news is that if you are using any of the Linux drivers and have the nvidia-settings tool installed it is just a simple command. Solution: nvidia-settings --assign CurrentMetaMode="nvidia-auto-select +0+0 { ForceFullCompositionPipeline = On }" Enter the above command in your terminal and the screentearing will be fixed which is like enabling Tear Free on AMD cards.&........
  • mdadm how to stop a check


    Is a mdadm check on your trusty software RAID array happening at the worst time and slowing down your server or NAS? cat /proc/mdstat Personalities : [raid1] [raid10] md127 : active raid10 sdb4[0] sda4[1] 897500672 blocks super 1.2 2 near-copies [2/2] [UU] [==========>..........] check = 50.4% (452485504/897500672) finish=15500.3min speed=478K/sec ........
  • access denied by acl file qemu-kvm: bridge helper failed


    /usr/libexec/qemu-kvm -enable-kvm -boot order=cd,once=dc -vga cirrus -m 4096 -drive file=~/23815135.img,if=virtio -usbdevice tablet -net nic,macaddr=DE:AD:BE:EF:D4:AB -netdev bridge,br=br0,id=net0 qemu-kvm: -usbdevice tablet: '-usbdevice' is deprecated, please use '-device usb-...' instead access denied by acl file qemu-kvm: bridge helper failed [root@CentOS-82-64-minimal 23815135]# /usr/libexec/qemu-kvm -enable-kvm -boot order=cd,once=dc -vga cirrus -........
  • Linux Ubuntu Wifi Disabled Only Works When Laptop Plugged Into Wall AC Power


    This is very frustrating but the fix is usually easy once you read this blog. It's very frustrating when you find that your Linux / Ubuntu laptop's wifi will NEVER work unless it is plugged into the power. The wifi menu may say "Wifi disabled by hardware switch". You may find that your laptop has no switch or has a function wifi button on the keyboard but this does not work or have any effect. The cause is usual a "wmi" kernel module and simply doing an........
  • CentOS 6 impossible to compile a newer libguestfs


    yum -y install gcc make gperf genisoimage flex bison ncurses ncurses-devel pcre-devel augeas-devel augeas readline-devel checking for cpio... cpio checking for gperf... no configure: error: gperf must be installed configure: error: Package requirements (augeas >= 1.2.0) were not met: Requested 'augeas >= 1.2.0' but version of augeas is 1.0.0 yum remove augeas augeas-libs augeas-devel wget http://downl........
  • chroot


    chroot /root/kvmguests/4591915/mount FATAL: kernel too old This happens for example if you are in Centos 6 and trying to chroot into a system based on a newer kernel like 4.x+ You'll have to use a newer OS/kernel system to chroot into the environment or a VM running a newer kernel.........
  • How To Get Started on Ubuntu with gpt-2 OpenAI Text Prediction


    apt install software-properties-common add-apt-repository ppa:deadsnakes/ppa apt update apt install python3-pip apt install python3.7 curl gnupg python3.7-dev git ln -s /usr/bin/python3.7 /usr/bin/python3 pip3 install numpy keras_preprocessing curl https://bazel.build/bazel-release.pub.gpg | sudo apt-key add - echo "deb [arch=amd64] http://storage.googleapis.com/bazel-apt stable jdk1.8" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/bazel........
  • Remove cloud-init in your VM


    Unless you are using OpenStack, AWS etc then cloud-init is just some bloat that slows down the booting of your VMand can actually halt it from booting if it doesn't have a proper working IP (not good!). #remove cloud init! Debian based Ubuntu / Mint sudo apt remove cloud-init RHEL / CentOS based yum remove cloud-init ........
  • QEMU-KVM KVM Command Line Practical Guide


    Iam going to build this based on a series of small howto QEMU / KVMposts I've made as I feel much of the information is actually hard to find and piece together from the rest of the web. What I'm going to focus on is how to use virtio as the NIC because if you don't you get very slow NIC speeds but with the virtio NIC model you basically get host speeds. /usr/libexec/qemu-kvm -enable-kvm -smp 8 -m 16000 -net user -net nic,model=virtio -drive file=ubuntu-gpt2l........
  • Linux How To Change NIC Name to eth0 instead of enps33 or enp0s25


    Most newer distros inexplicably cause your NIC to have what Icall "random" non-standard name conventions because of systemd. This is a big problem for many people and especially those running servers. Imagine that you have a static IPconfigured for ens33 but then the hard disk is moved to a newer system, the NIC could be anything from ens33 to enp0s1, meaning that manual intervention is required to go and update the NIC config file (eg. /etc/network/interfa........
  • How To Speed Up Linux Ubuntu and Debian Based Computers By Improving CPU Performance and Changing the CPU Governor


    I used to believe that for Desktops especially that the "ondemand" CPUfrequency changing that kernels included with Ubuntu and Debian based distros have would be sufficient for snappy performance. However, you can feel the lack of performance on the fastest computer if you have ondemand. A lot of times even under high load 100% of your CPUfrequency in MHz will not be used. For example a 2.8Ghz CPUmay only run at 1.8MHz or even .9GHz. Now........
  • mdadm: super0.90 cannot open /dev/sdb1: Device or resource busy mdadm: /dev/sdb1 is not suitable for this array.


    mdadm --create /dev/md0 --level 1 --raid-devices 2 /dev/sdb1 missing --metadata=0.90 mdadm: super0.90 cannot open /dev/sdb1: Device or resource busy mdadm: /dev/sdb1 is not suitable for this array. mdadm: create aborted Sometimes running "partprobe" can fix this. Other times it requires a reboot. One other manual thing that can be done is the following to fix it (if dm is using and blocking it):........
  • How To Install NextCloud on Centos 7 and Centos 8


    yum -y install wget unzip wget https://download.nextcloud.com/server/releases/nextcloud-18.0.2.zip unzip nextcloud-18.0.2.zip yum -y install php php-mysqlnd php-json php-zip php-dom php-xml php-libxml php-mbstring php-gd mysql mysql-server Last metadata expiration check: 0:58:02 ago on Fri 13 Mar 2020 02:12:49 PM EDT. Dependencies resolved. ===================================================================........
  • AH01630: client denied by server configuration:


    This happens when upgrading to Apache 2.4 from 2.2 or just because you don't have the right permissions set which we'll get into. You need this in the ........
  • ERROR: Could not find a version that satisfies the requirement PIL (from versions: none) ERROR: No matching distribution found for PIL


    pip install PIL ERROR: Could not find a version that satisfies the requirement PIL (from versions: none) ERROR: No matching distribution found for PIL The import name is PILbut the actual pip package is called "Pillow" pip install Pillow........
  • QEMU KVM how to boot off a physical CD/DVD/BDROM Drive


    It's as simple as below where you just specify the dev device of the CDROM which is usually /dev/sr0. You can boot actual bootable discs like Windows, Linux, etc straight from a physical drive this way. sudo qemu-system-x86_64 -cdrom /dev/sr0 -m 4096 ........
  • How To Install OpenProject on Centos 7 Step-by-Step Guide


    There are a few caveats that may not be obvious to everyone so I am going to cover them here but keep this in mind before starting. Before starting install epel or you will be missing tesseract: yum -y install epel-release #1) When you specify your SSL certificate with a full path, it really needs to exist where you tell it to (including the default location of /etc/ssl/certs and /etc/ssl/c........
  • How To Install python 3.4 3.5 and up on Linux with wine - Working Solution


    This is sure simple if you follow the guide but it took a lot of hacking around to make this work on Debian/Ubuntu! Now before you ask why bother running wine and python, the reason is because Python executables are NOT cross-platform. If you run pyinstaller in Linux, that binary will only run on Linux and the same if you do it in Windows. So it is preferable if you have a single environment that you can create Linux and Windows binaries from rather than running 2 separate........
  • ssh Received disconnect from port 22:2: Too many authentication failures


    If you are getting this error it is usually caused by having more than 5 keys in your ".ssh" directory. It is a bit of a bug and this is how it manifests itself. You will find at this point that you are not given any chance to enter a password, or if you are using key based auth that the same thing happens. You'll also find that this is happening with ALLservers you try connecting to. The solution is to move away key pairs from .ssh so that there ar........
  • Radeon R3 GPU on Debian Crashing


    Occasionally my whole screen locks up and I cannot even swith to the console and I find this in my syslog: *-display description: VGA compatible controller product: Mullins [Radeon R3 Graphics] vendor: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD/ATI]  ........
  • MySQL 5.7 on Debian and Ubuntu - How To Reset Root Password


    MySQL on Debian versions is configured differently than the native local MySQL plugin so you will be disappointed when your password on the mysql client fails by default. Here is how you reset the MySQL root password the proper and "working way" #first we gracefully stop mysql sudo systemctl stop mysql; #then we forcefully kill any mysqld process just in case sudo killall -9 mysqld mysqld_safe;........
  • SSH and sshfs timeout settings keepalive


    A big problem over ssh and especially sshfs is that your connection will often timeout and disconnect after inactivity. To fix this you can modify the server but it may not be practical or you may not have access. Why not send keep alives fom your end (client side)? Just edit /etc/ssh/ssh_config (not to be confused with sshd_config as that is the server side): Find the line that says "Host *" and change it like this:........
  • Linux How To Add User To Additional Group


    sudo usermod -a -G groupname username It's really simple like above, the -a is for append so that you are not changing their main group, but adding them to another additonal group. Just change "groupname" to your group and "username" to the user you want to be added to "groupname". A common task these days is getting your user access to kvm for virtualization so the KVM/QEMUprocess........
  • Howto Set Static IP on boot in initramfs for dropbear or other purposes NFS, Linux, Debian, Ubuntu, CentOS


    This is only really necessary in the case you don't want DHCP. If you are dealing with an encrypted LUKS server on the internet, you will often want to have a static IP so you know which IP to connect to (or if you have a semi-static IP assigned by DHCP). SET IP Address by /etc/initramfs-tools/initramfs.conf IP Address=192.168.1.27 Gateway=192.168.1.1 Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0 Hostname=myhome.com IP=192.1........
  • Convert and install to LUKS Encrypted Drive Ubuntu 18.04 19.10 Linux Mint and Debian Based Linux


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    Just edit your tftp file for xinetd like this: *Change the IPto be the IPof the interface you want to listen on. To test if your tftp is available on a certain IP range use nc -u yourip 69 to see if you can still connect (/var/log/messages or /var/log/syslog) should show the connection if it is open. Oct 13 23:20:34 01 xinetd[26631]: Started working: 1 available servic........
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    openvpn 2.3.10-1.el6 issues in the .conf auth-user-pass-verify "passwordcheck $username $password $untrusted_ip" via-env auth-env does not work correctly in OpenVPN 2.3: Sat Apr 23 02:30:22 2016 - $username - $untrusted_ip - login failure But OpenVPN 2.2 does work as expected. It could be that the specified script automatically receive........
  • How to modify HTML/Themeforest Themes to work in any path statically using unix/linux's sed command


    For themes and custom CMS setups, the typical HTML theme is not ready to go at all but here are some common sed commands (search and replace that will get most of them working without breaking as you'd expect). The problem is that often the theme directory will be separate from the content and this will break the relative paths that these themes use. sed -i s/'href="'/'href="/themes/yourtheme/'/g index.html sed -i s/'src="'/'src="/themes/y........
  • cp copy all contents of directory to another one including hidden files and folders howto


    cp -a /your/source/. /your/dest/ -a preserves all file atributes and symlinks the "." at the end of /source/ includes all hidden files such as .htacess, .bash_history, .ssh etc.. The / in /dest/ makes sure the contents go into it instead of replacing /dest itself (eg. if you did not have the / at the end).........
  • Cannot load /etc/httpd/modules/mod_file_cache.so into server: /etc/httpd/modules/mod_file_cache.so:


    Stopping httpd: [FAILED] Starting httpd: httpd: Syntax error on line 73 of /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf: Cannot load /etc/httpd/modules/mod_file_cache.so into server: /etc/httpd/modules/mod_file_cache.so: cannot open shared obje........
  • Apache SSL Reverse Proxy Very Slow Solution


    This is a simple fix but not a simple problem and it still doesn't make sense to me. But in a nutshell if your target proxy server works fast when accessing directly over SSL then this may be your issue. It seems SSL does not play nicely when the target proxy destination/host has a riduculously long key (such as 8192 bits long). Now this is normally not a problem, in fact the target server could be accessed with hardly any delay directly despite such a long key.........
  • Nvidia Linux Card not working due to LSI 9200/SAS2008 IRQ conflict


    At first my BIOS said the card may not work right because there is no more option ROM space. I disabled the Option ROM for both LSI 1068 and 2008 chipsets, Network Boot ROM and most other PCI slots, Serial Port, etc... and the message went away but the card still does not work properly. But it still cannot initialize the card properly(does not work): [ 33.943272] NVRM: This PCI I/O region assigned to your NVIDIA device is invalid:........
  • SAS2008 LSI 9200-E Linux Upgrade Flash Firmware with sas2flash


    Download from here http://www.avagotech.com/products/server-storage/host-bus-adapters/sas-9200-8e#downloads sudo Installer_P20_for_Linux/sas2flash_linux_i686_x86-64_rel/sas2flash -listall LSI Corporation SAS2 Flash Utility Version 20.00.00.00 (2014.09.18) Copyright (c) 2008-2014 LSI Corporation. All rights reserved &nbs........
  • Apache Vhost HowTo Serve Same Content using a different domain and IP


    There are a few ways of doing this and all basically involve using the reverse proxy or "ProxyPass" feature of Apache to accomplish it. 1.) Create a normal vhost and simply symlink the root directory of the site you want to mirror. Eg. originalsite.com and newsite.com /vhosts/originalsite.com/httpdocs You would symlink like this: ln -s /vhosts/originalsite.com/httpdocs vhosts/originalsite.com/........
  • Linksys / Cisco / Grandstream / Polycom PAP2T No delay in dialing recommended fast dial plan


    I modified the default to the following for faster local dialing for North American area codes: (*xx|[3469]11|0|00 [2-9]xxxxxxS0|[2-9]xxxxxxxxxS0|1xxx[2-9]xxxxxxS0|xxxxxxxxxxxx.) This is what I added to the above: "[2-9]xxxxxxxxxS0" so any 9 digit number is dialed instantly xxx-xxx-xxxx (the S0 at the end makes it dial right away). This makes dialing much quicker and is recommended. *No........
  • iptables: Applying firewall rules: iptables-restore: line 40 failed


    service iptables start iptables: Applying firewall rules: iptables-restore: line 40 failed [FAILED]........
  • MySQL PHP adding a backslash/escaping apostrophes Solution


    The first thing to diagnose is what is actually in the database (use PHPMyAdmin or CLI). You will of course either find that the backslash is either in the database or not. If the backslash is in the database you probably have magic quotes gpc/runtime on and/or are calling the "addslashes()" function which does this. If you are escaping your data with mysql_real_escape_string() then think again, you probably have magic quotes gpc enabled either in php.ini or........
  • Linksys E2500 DD-WRT Upgrade Instructions and Enabling 5ghz with Tomato Firmware


    1.) Flash directly to this file: http://tomato.groov.pl/download/K26RT-N/build5x-132-EN/Linksys%20E-series/tomato-E2500-NVRAM60K-1.28.RT-N5x-MIPSR2-132-Max.zip *I was never able to get the larger "Mega" file to work, at least not initially so I recommend the file above. To enable 5ghz I had to do the "Clear NVRAM" Option before it was shown. 2.) Or if you don't need 5ghz (most devices do not support it and cannot........
  • PAP2T Linksys VOIP strange ring problem


    The problem is that the default of most of these units is set for non-North American phones so the ring sounds like it cuts off and is not sequential. How To Fix the Issue Click on "Regional" and make sure you are in Advanced mode. ........
  • A start job is running for /etc/rc.local Compatibility


    According to this and my own experience it is the case that you have started something running in the foreground or a server that does not terminate with a normal rc.d script. The server will reboot once you kill whatever command or process that is.........
  • Linux Mint/Ubuntu/Debian Window Controls Missing Solution


    If Linux Mint 17 or other has no window buttons/controls you can do the following from terminal: marco --replace& Sometimes it can be fixed if you go to your themes/appearance and choose a new one but in the case like mine where Compiz is installed but not running/working then that fix will not work and will require the marco command above. What if you can't type in a terminal Window? If you close........
  • Linux Mint/Ubuntu/Debian Dual NICs networks problem when enabling and disabling one device


    The Scenario You have dual NICs and you disable NIC1 which uses 192.168.1.1 as its gateway. With NIC2 you enable it/connect it to another network which also has the gateway 192.168.1.1 Everything will work fine at this point. When switching back to NIC1 even with NIC2 disabled and even unplugged, the OS basically can't pick up the new/updated ARP entry of the old device for 192.168.1.1 and perhaps thinks it is a security risk or spoof of some sorts and blocks i........
  • Linux Mint Network Manager Connection Disconnect Option Grayed Out


    This is a real pain because I had to manually unplug ethernet cables for network testing or to use an alternate network or guarantee physical access to one network segment is cut off. For some reason this happened after Ikilled dbus because it was confused and blocking packets thinking they were coming from the wrong interface since eth0 and eth1 both had the same subnet and gateway. I eventually did a "service network-manager restart" but the option was........
  • Errors were found while checking the disk drive for /.


    Iwill start by saying I think I know what caused this boot-time error on Linux Mint but should also apply to Debian and Ubuntu. I changed my BIOS time to several hours in the past to match the current time, but this caused Linux to think there were incorrect filesystem times. The problem is that it seems when you hit this I am not sure what is happening, it doesn't seem to be doing fsck and hangs without prompting the user. What I have found is that........
  • Redirect www host to non-www Linux Apache modrewrite


    The below forces all request to your domain to go to the main non-www root domain. Updated code: RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} !=domain.com RewriteRule ^(.*)$ https://newurl.com/subdir/$1 [R=301,L] If you don't want it to go to a subdirectory: RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} !=domain.com RewriteRule ^(.*)$ https://newurl.com/$1 [R=301,L] Bad code: This code is bad beca........
  • Debian Ubuntu Mint Samba Share config file location


    /var/lib/samba/usershares But note that it is just simple file sharing if you need directory mask, create mask etc... you still need to edit the smb.conf file to create your share. Here is an example file: comment= usershare_acl=S-1-1-0:R,S-1-22-1-1000:F guest_ok=y sharename=BabyPhotos........
  • Debian Linux Ubuntu Mint connect to pptp from terminal bash shell


    apt-get install pptp-linux echo "yourvpnusername * yourpasspass *" >> /etc/ppp/chap-secrets vi /etc/ppp/peers/provpnaccounts.com enter (ignore the lines): ============ pty "pptp server.provpnaccounts.com --nolaunchpppd" name testuser #remotename PPTP require-mppe-128 file /etc/ppp/options.pptp ==========........
  • vi Debian Linux Ubuntu Mint arrow key problem linux ssh bash shell terminal


    Debian/Ubuntu vi keyboard problem, up and down arrows do not work and instead make an A (Up), B (Down), C (Right) or D(Left). The working solution (you could also add the set nocompatible to /etc/vim/vimrc to make it system wide-will not be applied until reboot I believe): echo "set nocompatible" > ~/.vimr........
  • Vbox Cannot register the hard disk


    Cannot register the hard disk '/media/Debian8.vdi' {d01efabc-aacf-4614-b29c} because a hard disk '/home/VirtualBox VMs/Debian/Debian8.vdi' with UUID {d01efabc-aacf-4614-b29} already exists. This is what happens if you move the VDI to another location. The easiest way is to delete/remove the machine from VBOX and then reimport it from the new location.........
  • Avocent 8020 KVM Java Icedtea Viewer


    This command in Debian/Ubuntu/Mint will get everything need installed for most Java based KVM viewers: sudo apt install icedtea-netx The following additional packages will be installed: ca-certificates-java icedtea-netx-common openjdk-8-jre openjdk-8-jre-headless It seems every other updated version of Java or Icedtea breaks things and I will save the frustration of Java for another post.........
  • Centos Add Multiple IP Addresses in a range without manually setting each static IP


    This is actually very simple and this example assumes your network device is "eth0" In Centos your network config would be the following: /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 Take the same path and just add a "-range0" So to add a range create the following file: /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0-range0 IPADDR_START=192.168.1.50 IPADD........
  • grub> setup (hd1) Checking if "/boot/grub/stage1" exists...


    It freezes on"grub> setup (hd1) Checking if "/boot/grub/stage1" exists..." Basically it looks like the partiion table is corrupt or the data/files are not there.........
  • Centos installing grub problems suspect gpt problem


    grub> root (hd0,0) root (hd0,0) Filesystem type is ext2fs, partition type 0xfd grub> setup (hd0) setup (hd0) But if you do: root (hd1,0) setup (hd1) it does work, I think hd0/sda had a GPT partition that was not removed properly (what I did was just dd bs=512 count=1 the partition table from another drive since the partition table should be identical). Checking if "/boot/grub/........
  • bash scripting for loop set number of iterations


    A handy trick in bash that can be adapted to many useful tasks: for i in {1..99}; do echo $i done 1 2.. 97 98 99 100 Another tricky is if you need a 0 in front of the first letters: for i in {1..12}; do if [ $i -lt 10 ]; then i=0"$i" fi echo $i........
  • linux bash mass rename tool Centos/Debian/Ubuntu


    Say you have a bunch of files like this: file-01.jpg file-02.jpg ............... What if you want to mass rename them? the rename tool can work just like sed For Debian based distros: Note "file" is what we search for and "newname" is what we replace it with, so substitute according to your requirements. rename s/file/newname/ name-file-*.jpg For R........
  • Bing/Microsoft Ads flex.atdmt.com causing problems for ad tracking and site loading


    I was asked to troubleshoot why a site wasn't loaded or responding properly, it turned out they were using some old javascript tracker from Bing/Microsoft that is no longer valid or working. You have to wait forever for it to time out but it really did disrupt the functionality of a very important site: flex.atdmt.com If you have the above code in javascript on your site remove or comment it out.........
  • imagemagick converting jpg images to pdf file size too large


    If the file size is too large you need to resize them on the fly: convert -resize 25% *.jpg output.pdf The resize flag takes a % I have tried without and it seems to take it as pixels and becomes way too small. You can also play with the "-quality 25" flag to decrease file size even more.........
  • convert imagemagick pdf to jpg is too small when converting solution


    It is a common issue and here is the solution (increase the density/dpi): convert -density 120 some.pdf output.jpg You will need to play with the density setting to get the perfect file size and resolution. If you want a smaller file you can always use the "-quality" switch and eg. -quality 25 would be 25%/100 quality........
  • How To Record Your Screen with Linux


    Istanbul: At least in Linux Mint the latest 17.2 version Istanbul freezes when "In process of saving to Disk" even with the workaround of not having Sound recording enabled. It looks like a great app but bugs like this seem to have plague it for over 8 years! Kazam: This little app works great, its only bug is that when you try to tell it to record a window or area it puts a gray cov........
  • Virtualbox Error


    In plain English this happens after you upgrade VBOX and it rebuilds kernel modules based on a newer kernel than you are running (eg. you upgraded your kernel but haven't booted into it). It is too bad there is not a standard work around that would allow it to realize this and keep old kernel modules and use them if it detects your current kernel is older than the most recently build modules. =============== RTR3InitEx failed with rc=-1912 (rc=-1912) The........
  • kernel:[14277.697049] EDAC MC0: UE row 4, channel-a= 0 channel-b= 1 labels "-": (Branch=0 DRAM-Bank=0 RDWR=Read RAS=7048 CAS=0 FATAL Err=0x4 (>Tmid Thermal event with intelligent throttling disabled))


    I am getting this error: kernel:[14277.697049] EDAC MC0: UE row 4, channel-a= 0 channel-b= 1 labels "-": (Branch=0 DRAM-Bank=0 RDWR=Read RAS=7048 CAS=0 FATAL Err=0x4 (>Tmid Thermal event with intelligent throttling disabled)) But many people believe this is a bug/false message and the server is running stably.........
  • OpenVZ how to enable FUSE in the container


    vzctl set 2 --devnodes fuse:rw --save Where "2" is the ctid........
  • bash script Get Model and Serial Number of All Hard Disks in Server on Linux


    for disk in `fdisk -l|grep "Disk /dev"|awk '{print $2}'|sed s/://g`; do echo "$disk" && smartctl -d ata -a "$disk" -T permissive|grep -iE 'Device Model:|Serial Number:' echo "---------------" done *Make sure you have smartctl from smartmon tools installed Sample output: /dev/sdc Device Model: ........
  • How to scp transfer a file in Linux with spaces


    Say you have a path like this "/some/path/here with spaces/". If you try to transfer it you will get a message along the lines of: scp -rp 192.168.0.12:"/some/path/here space/" . scp: /some/path/here: No such file or directory scp: space: No such file or directory You can escape each space but what a pain that is especially if you have multiple spaces in the path. The simplest way is to use the follow........
  • Windows showing wrong drive size after resizing the VPS/image or cloning howto fix


    How to Increase The Disk and Partition Size in Windows 2022,2019,11,10,8,7 etc.. Server 1, Enter the command prompt Start -> cmd 2. Start diskpart diskpart 3. Find the drive that has the wrong size list volume 4. Select the volume (in this example we use volume 2) select volume 2 5. Extend the volume........
  • How to manually save bash history


    This is useful in the case you are not properly logged in via an OpenVZ session or even a normal SSH session that you fear may go down(if the connection is broken the history is not saved). Save your bash_history like this: history -w ~/.bash_history You can always change the above to another file eg /tm........
  • Mysql how to backup/copy row from one table to another


    INSERT INTO articles_backup SELECT * FROM articles WHERE articleID="118" It is so simple we always recommend people do this when updating their database so you always have a backup. The above inserts the copy into the table "articles_backup" which has an identical structure. It selects the entry from "articles" where the articleID is "118" but of course you can adapter yours to whatever the situation is.........
  • Microsoft Access .mdb files how to view them on Linux Ubuntu/Debian


    The package "mdbtools-gmdb" works very well but I was not able to get the forms working that were part of the .mdb but you can at least view all of the rows and Export to CSV........
  • Centos 6 how to guide convert LVM non-RAID into mdadm 1/10 RAID array live without reinstalling


    Here is the scenario you or a client have a remote machine that was installed as a standard/default minimal Centos 6.x machine on a single disk with LVM for whatever reason. Often many people do not know how to install it to a RAID array so it is common to have this problem and why reinstall if you don't need to? In some cases on a remote system you can't easily reinstall without physical or KVM access. So in this case you add a second physical or disk or already ha........
  • Centos cannot login by console or ssh session closed immediately


    In my case I could login with the initial install but I rsync'd everything over while preserving ownership and permissions to another RAID partition and booted from that.was fine before. The problem is that you are kicked out the second you login and the problem was SELINUX for some reason (perhaps it noticed something strange when it was moved to the new partition) login: pam_unix(login:session): session opened for user root by LOGIN(uid=0) login: ROOT LOG........
  • openvz yum problem Centos 6.5 cannot find file on mirror:


    #solution Edit /etc/yum.repos.d/openvz.repo For the first two entries comment out #mirrorlist and uncomment #baseurl and then it worked openvz yum problem Centos 6.5 cannot find file on mirror: yum update Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Determining fastest mirrors * openvz-kernel-rhel6: mirrors.ustc.edu.cn * openvz-utils: mirrors.ustc.edu.cn base ........
  • mount -o bind permanent in /etc/fstab howto


    mount -o bind /somedir /anotherdir In /etc/fstab /somedir /anotherdir none bind 0 0........
  • Virtualbox errors on Ubuntu/Debian/Mint


    The solution was to reinstall the vbox dkms package and do a manual modprobe of the modules it makes. I never sorted out the unable to start due to the USB issue, I did have the guest additions installed but the only way to boot was to change the pointing device from USB to PS2 and then to disable the USB controller (if your pointing device is set as USB, disabling USB will not work because it will re-enable by default when it sees your pointing device is USB, this is w........
  • How To Install Linux Mint 17.2 on mdadm RAID with a separate boot partition


    Iwas surprised to see that Linux Mint at the latest 17.2 version still has NO mdadm installer option, and worse the installer will not be able to create a proper booting environment even when you do install it. How to setup mdadm in Linux mint LiveCD sudo su apt-get install mdadm # partition as you need and then create your mdadm devices # create your SWAP md0 mdadm --create /dev/md0 --level=1 --raid-devices=2 /dev/sda1 /d........
  • Linux sudo config sudoers to run command without a password howto


    Before reading on remember to put the line at the bottom of /etc/sudoers as from experience what happen is that other rules cancel out what you have added. If your sudoers setup is correct it will work immediately upon saving without requiring a reboot. Edit /etc/sudoers yourusername ALL = NOPASSWD: /path/to/command *Once again remember the above should be on the bottom of the sudoers file or........
  • Installing zoneminder on Ubuntu/Debian Linux Howto


    sudo apt-get install zoneminder [sudo] password for one: Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required: libuser-perl python-evince kdebase-apps kwrite unixodbc libgnomeprint2.2-data python-soappy vgabios python-metacity hddtemp python-mediaprof........
  • status: { DRDY ERR } error: { ICRC ABRT } failed command: WRITE FPDMA QUEUED MCP55 Linux Errors


    [ 2868.041375] ata1: EH in SWNCQ mode,QC:qc_active 0x40 sactive 0x40 [ 2868.041554] ata1: SWNCQ:qc_active 0x40 defer_bits 0x0 last_issue_tag 0x6 [ 2868.041556] dhfis 0x40 dmafis 0x40 sdbfis 0x20 [ 2868.041874] ata1: ATA_REG 0x41 ERR_REG 0x84 [ 2868.042013] ata1: tag : dhfis dmafis sdbfis sactive [ 2868.042163] ata1: tag 0x6: 1 1 0 1 [ 2868.042301] ata1.00: exception Emask 0x1 SAct 0x40 SErr 0x400000 action 0x6 frozen [........
  • bash script get directory location and path of script howto tutorial


    So the situaton is this, you depend on things being relevant to where your bash script is and to be safe you want it to be dynamic (eg. do not hard code that we switch to /abc/dir but rather detect where script.sh is located). scriptlocation="$( cd "$( dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}" )" && pwd )" The path is then contained the the variable "scriptlocation" so you can cd to it in your script etc............
  • Centos/obfsproxy errors


    I never did get it working, it is too bad as obfsproxy should really be an option and integrated into the OpenVPN client and server or something similar: yum -y install python-pip python-devel No package python-pip available. #install the EPEL repo python-pip install obfsproxy python-pip install obfsproxy -bash: python-pip: command not found pip install obfsproxy &........
  • OpenVZ Install Guide Again / Quick Setup


    yum -y install wget wget -P /etc/yum.repos.d/ http://ftp.openvz.org/openvz.repo rpm --import http://ftp.openvz.org/RPM-GPG-Key-OpenVZ yum -y install vzkernel vzctl #enable ip_forward sed -i s/'net.ipv4.ip_forward = 0'/'net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1'/g /etc/sysctl.conf #all interfaces should not send redirects echo "net.ipv4.conf.default.send_redirects = 1" >> /etc/sysctl.conf echo "net.ipv4.co........
  • grub cannot install or boot from mdadm RAID 10 array


    root (hd2,1) Filesystem type unknown, partition type 0x83 grub> root (hd2,2) root (hd2,2) Filesystem type is ext2fs, partition type 0x83 grub> setup (hd2) setup (hd2) Checking if "/boot/grub/stage1" exists... no Checking if "/grub/stage1" exists... no #weird thing about grub is that the drive you enter is considered hd0 For example when booted fu........
  • Centos yum mirror problem error "[Errno 14] PYCURL ERROR 22 - "The requested URL returned error: 404 Not Found""


    [Errno 14] PYCURL ERROR 22 - "The requested URL returned error: 404 Not Found" The above happened when for some reason all the mirrors in my cache didn't have the files (some mirrors only keep the latest version of Centos). Itried to block them all but that didn't help because it seemed the mirrors were all hardcoded no matter what I tried. Here is how to fix it and reset your mirror list in Centos cd /var/cac........
  • ssh session and port forward or reverse port matching or assocation howto


    Use netstat with the -anpe option. The e option shows the inodes and I do not know if it will always work or if it was by fluke but I was dealing with dozens of SSHsessions and needed to know which session was related to which forward (the PIDs of the SSHand SSHD did not match etc...) Notice the "59560675" and "59560762" those are almost identical, if you find two sets that are nearly identical except for the last 3 digits they may match (in my ca........
  • iptables port forwarding multiple ports to another IP


    iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -p tcp -m multiport --dports 80,443,2068,8192 -j DNAT --to-destination 192.168.1.175 Just adjust the "--dports" to the ports you need and the --to-destination to the destination IP (note it must be on the same network as the server running iptables........
  • Dell CS24 NV5/NV7 Gigabyte GA-3CESL-RH Motherboard ROM Chip info


    If you remove the white label on the chip (near the CMOS battery) you will find the following details about it: SST 49LF080A 33-4C-NHE It is the PLCC32 type and can be pried and removed safely (but be very careful) with an eye glass flat head screw driver. If you just have a bad flash you may be able to reprogram your original or just buy another one with the part# above and reprogram it. This is great news for people who have bricked th........
  • phlash Cannot flash when memory managers ( e.g. HIMEM) are present Phoenix BIOS


    Phoenix phlash error Cannot flash when memory managers ( e.g. HIMEM) are present. press any key to exit. Use the "/x" option to get past the above ........
  • Weird Ubuntu Issues with NVIDIA driver/Compiz


    1.) My screensaver would take a long time to disable after hitting a key. 2.) Usually errors like below will follow. 3.) Compiz sometimes uses 100% or high CPU 4.) My window controls will disable (eg. the minimize, maximize and close buttons). It seems like Compiz or appearance/effects disable themselves. Re-enabling Desktop Effects under Appearance temporarily fixes it. 5.) high load in general from things like "Migration" pr........
  • HP Procurve Switch 2824 CLI Telnet Experience , Guide and Tutorial


    ------------------------------------- ProCurve J4903A Switch 2824 Software revision I.10.77 Copyright (C) 1991-2009 Hewlett-Packard Co. All Rights Reserved. RESTRICTED RIGHTS LEGEND Use, duplication, or disclosure by the Government is subject to restrictions........
  • Linux check NIC ethernet port network card speed


    ethtool eth0 Settings for eth0: Supported ports: [ TP MII ] Supported link modes: 10baseT/Half 10baseT/Full 100baseT/Half 100baseT/Full ........
  • HP XW9400 Motherboard In Desktop Issues


    Fortunately the format is EATX so an EATX case will work and the screw layout is standard. You will need to remove the HEX/TORX screws that are connecting the stock HP standoffs (meant to slide into an HP case). XW9400 Motherboard Issues Size: 12" x 13" Proprietary Power Connector Proprietary CPU Power Connector Proprietary Memory Power Connector Fan connectors are 4 pin so you will need some kind of adapter.........
  • tar list files


    tar -ztvf flashrom.tar.gz the "z"is for gzip, if it is not gzip remove the z. If it is bzip then use "j" instead of "z" etc..........
  • tar do not overwrite files


    It is as simple as using the "-k" option for: -k, --keep-old-files don't replace existing files when extracting --keep-newer-files don't replace existing files that are newer than thei........
  • Dell CS24-NV7 lspci dmidecode info


    0000:00:00.0 RAM memory: NVIDIA Corporation MCP55 Memory Controller (rev a2) 0000:00:01.0 ISA bridge: NVIDIA Corporation MCP55 LPC Bridge (rev a3) 0000:00:01.1 SMBus: NVIDIA Corporation MCP55 SMBus (rev a3) 0000:00:02.0 USB controller: NVIDIA Corporation MCP55 USB Controller (rev a1) 0000:00:02.1 USB controller: NVIDIA Corporation MCP55 USB Controller (rev a2) 0000:00:05.0 IDE interface: NVIDIA Corporation MCP55 SATA Controller (rev a3) 0000:00:05.1 I........
  • Debian sources.list examples


    Based on this from Debian The 'distribution' can be either the release code name / alias (wheezy, jessie, stretch, sid) or the release class (........
  • Dell CS24,FS12 NV5 and NV7 1U Server Information & Parts


    Motherboard: Gigabyte GA-3CESL: http://b2b.gigabyte.com/products/product-page.aspx?pid=2658#dl Dell Part Numbers for the motherboard: R1232 R1232L R2232S SERVER MOTHERBOARD GENUINE 408P9 CN-0408P9 GA-3CESL Manual Download here RAMSlots: 16 (8 controlled by each CPU) RAMType: DDR2 ECC 5300P........
  • bash script check if string contains text


    if [[ $variable = *windows* ]]; then echo "Our variable has windows" fi ........
  • Linux CLI command to rip audio CD and encode convert to MP3s


    This command rips the audio tracks to .wav files *I recommend making a new directory with the name of the audio disc first and executing everything from within that directory below. cdparanoia -B Use the lame mp3 encoder to encode each one with this script: *Note that this will encode any other files ending in "cdda.wav" for track in `ls *cdda.wav`; do lame -b 192 $track; done........
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    iptables v1.3.5: can't initialize iptables table `nat': Table does not exist (do you need to insmod?) This solution applies to all other iptables modules/problems for OpenVZ, you'll just need to add them to both lists/lines below if you have modules other than what I have below. The modules need to be enabled in both iptables and the OpenVZ hostnode itself and then the containers which need it must be restarted. How To Enable IPTables Modules in OpenVZ........
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    I've encountered this problem before and I believe it may affect other drivers (I could test but I don't have time). This was happening on my custom Linux system with the pcnet32 driver. pcnet32: eth0: transmit timed out, status 97fb, resetting (and some other kernel module tracing in dmesg) Basically it means the card is connected (it shows connected in full duplex etc.. and recognized if the cable is disconnected too) but no packets can be sent or received........
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    debug1: An invalid name was supplied Cannot determine realm for numeric host address debug1: Local version string SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_4.3p2 Debian-9etch3 debug1: An invalid name was supplied Cannot determine realm for numeric host address debug1: An invalid name was supplied A parameter was malformed Validation error Solution, disable auth from the ssh client (this is a client side error)........
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  • Firefox 11 closes/quits without saving Open Tabs Prompt Solution/Fix


    Type "about:config" in your browser and then search for "Quit" Set these values to true browser.showQuitWarning browser.warnOnQuit........
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    In Firefox type "about:config" in the address bar. Search for "browser.urlbar.trimURLs;false" and set it to true, then you'll have the http:// and https:// back. Firefox talks about the greater good but unless they don't care about security why would they hide if the url is secure or not?........
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    For years I've always built cheap systems believing that there is little difference in more expensive components when it comes to reliability and quality, I generally believe this still except for Power Supplies. I've always bought cheap cases with nice sounding 350-550W stock/cheap/crap power supplies and haven't had any issues for the most part until recently. One such case is an NGEAR case with a 550W Optimax power supply, I always read that these supplies don't produce the........
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  • Openvz Container IP not working suddenly Solution


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  • Openvz migration error solution Error: Failed to suspend container CPT ERR: f68cf000,25000 :foreign process 15755/14731(vzctl) inside CT (e.g. vzctl enter or vzctl exec). CPT ERR: f68cf000,25000 :suspend is impossible now.


    Starting online migration of CT 25000 to 192.168.5.1 Preparing remote node Initializing remote quota Syncing private Live migrating container... Error: Failed to suspend container CPT ERR: f68cf000,25000 :foreign process 15755/14731(vzctl) inside CT (e.g. vzctl enter or vzctl exec). CPT ERR: f68cf000,25000 :suspend is impossible now. CPT ERR: f68cf000,25000 :foreign process 15755/14731(vzctl) inside CT (e.g. vzctl enter or........
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    Warning: Unable to open /dev/fd0 read-write (Read-only file system). /dev/fd0 has been opened read-only. That's a very annoying error, it's simply because Centos for some reason thinks it's wise to load the "floppy" kernel module, who has a floppy drive? I haven't seen or used a floppy for over 12 years! It's more than just annoying, if you probe the drives attached to your system, eg. with grub or partprobe, it keeps trying to locate a flopp........
  • Openvz YUM Error Solution to "[Errno -1] Metadata file does not match checksum Trying other mirror."


    It's weird because I have a nearly identical box and setup and I can update the ovzkernel-PAE* just fine but on this box it doesn't work. I only get this error with the openvz.repo and not others such as Centos-Base.repo With my other server it works normally: ================ Setting up Update Process Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package ovzkernel-PAE.i686 0:2.6.18-238.12.1.el5.0........
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    GNU GRUB version 0.97 (640K lower / 3072K upper memory) [ Minimal BASH-like line editing is supported. For the first word, TAB lists possible command completions. Anywhere else TAB lists the possible completions of a device/filename.] grub> root (hd1,0) Filesystem type is ext2fs, partition type 0xfd grub> setup........
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    I had one of these shipped and it was not recognized when plugged in, here's what a dead drive looks like (I assume it's teh circuit board which is dead): ata1: link is slow to respond, please be patient (ready=0) ata1: softreset failed (device not ready) ata1: SATA link up 3.0 Gbps (SStatus 123 SControl 300) ata1: link online but device misclassified, retrying ata1: link is slow to respond, please be patient (ready=0) ata1: softreset f........
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    I thought only a faster CPUand SSDwould help but I already have a Quad-Core CPU and it wasn't being maxed out. The actual tests were performed on an AMD-V enabled 128MB dual core VMWare container though. There is a flag that can be passed to make in order to start multiple threads, by specifying 4 threads I was able to reduce the whole kernel compilation time from scratch by about 50%! (65minutes vs 31minutes!). *Yes I did do a make clean before each co........
  • Linux how to use find recursively to find certain types of files/extensions


    Normally if you're in a certain directory you could do: find *.txt and it will work as expected, but it won't work recursively through child directories, here's the correct way to do it: find . -type f -name *.txt The "-type f" is optional because that means only files, but we could have specified d for directory etc... The above command will work recursively as you'd expect. In that way I find "find" to be un........
  • Directadmin Solution "This is e-mail notification to warn you that your hostname is setup improperly on your system."


    This is e-mail notification to warn you that your hostname is setup improperly on your system. This is an annoying message and bug with Directadmin, my hostname is set correctly, why does it complain? To get of this message just run this command: /usr/local/directadmin/scripts/hostname.sh yourhostname.com........
  • Kernel linux-2.6.39 In file included from drivers/block/cciss.c:1015: include/asm-generic/pci-dma-compat.h: In function `cmd_special_free': drivers/block/cciss.c:196: sorry, unimplemented: inlining failed in call to 'cciss_tag_discard_error_bits': fu


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  • Ubuntu 10.04/GRUB2 mdadm won't boot


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  • mdadm Linux Software RAID QuickStart Guide


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  • Linux Kernel Boot Black Screen of Death Freeze/Halt Solution


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    I successfully created a single RAID 1 partition which includes /boot inside it and my root directory through the Debian installer. It said GRUB installed successfully but when I try booting the OS it seems GRUB can't read anything. When trying to boot from GRUB GRUB Loading stage 1.5. GRUB loading, please wait... Error 2 I get "Error 2" when trying to boot Debian. I also notice from a LiveCD that........
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    I installed 5.5 with a 300GB RAID 1 partition (boot is also on this partition). It booted up fine the first few times until after I used a Live CD and accessed the array, and it became named /dev/md127 for some reason. Now whenI boot into CentOS I get a kernel panic and different errors, once I got "invalid superblock", even though the array is fine (it didn't happen again, probably because I was sure to dismount and stop the mdadm array properly). Here's what........
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    There's a lot of information and guides on OCFS2 for RHELand Centos Linux but the package setup and configuration is slightly different and this has thrown some people off. Installing OC2FS You should install the following packages to get started: apt-get install ocfs2-tools ocfs2console Configure OC2FS In RHEL/Centos the main configuration file is located in /etc/sysconfig/o2cb However in Debian based Linux it is located........
  • Viewing and Connecting to an SMB Samba Share on Windows/Linux/Unix


    This will give you the basic info needed to browse and connect to Samba shares from the command line. From the GUI of Gnome or KDE etc, it is pretty standard and straight forward. However, I've found very little guides on how to do it from the command line and if you're like me, a nerd who prefers command line for its simplicity and for remote use, this is the way to go. First get a list of all the Samba/SMB shares on the target. smbclient -L hostname........
  • 1U Servers are Loud - We Have The Quiet Solution


    I've read a lot of people complaining that their 1U servers are too loud for the office, home or whatever strange places people might want to put them. Whenever Isee the question asked, "what can be done about the noise", you'll see a myriad of silly answers like "you shouldn't have it at home or in your office at all", "1U servers are meant to be loud". These all might be valid points but they're not the solution. A good example is a........
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    Ithink there has been a lot of negative press towards Rackable Systems. We will give their new solution credit that it is marketed very well, and comes prepackaged and ready to go. But let's cut through the hype of both sides, the people who love this concept and the people who hate it. What Rackable Systems have done is a first, to minimize space, power and costs into small servers. This is great, and many companies have already built their own servers based........
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    I've been struggling with this for awhile, wondering why all of my variables are null. Ijust realized the variables disappear after leaving this while loop. Note that I'm piping to the while loop which makes a subshell Ibelieve which is the cause of the issue: echo "$accounts"|while read thisline; do somevariable="some value" (( ++counter )) done At all costs you ne........
  • SSH Problem User username from 127.0.0.1 not allowed because not listed in AllowUsers


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  • LAME MP3 Encoder Segmentation Faults


    This happened on one of my Ubuntu machines where Igot some kind of segfault on line 21 from LAME at random while encoding MP3s (a second try is fine usually). I've read that it's best to compile it from source and that has solved most issues for people. Here is my preferred configure line: ./configure --enable-mp3x --with-fileio=lame --enable-debug --with-vorbis Even with that I got a different error this tim........
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    Feb 5 01:39:33 server named[19768]: zone myzone.com/IN: serial number (12331465) received from master 127.0.0.2#53 < ours (200901281) The above is taken from /var/log/messages This can be annoying, it can happen for a variety of reasons. What seems to be happening here is that the slave realizes the time on the slave is ahead of the master, so it therefore assumes it has the most up to date copy and won't actually transfer the zone. The solutio........
  • Writing/Burning a data CD-R/DVD-R or DVD+RW in Unix/Linux


    There's a lot of outdated information and confusion for system administrator's out there. One annoying task for many an Administrator has been backing up data in Linux. You don't need any GUI tools such as K3B or GnomeBaker. Both are excellent tools but for veteran command line users working remotely, using the keyboard is a great and possibly automated way to save yourself pain and hassle. At a later date we'll cover how scripting can automatically backup certain........
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